Download or read book Superantigens written by Bernhard Fleischer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume of Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology is concerned with a class of molecules that are the most potent polyclonal stimulators of T lymphocytes of several species. These molecules have been named "superantigens" because they use a mechanism of T cell stimulation closely mimicking MHC-restricted recognition of specific antigen: they act on variable parts of T cell antigen receptors and are presented by MHC class II molecules. Prototypes of these molecules are the pyrogenic exotoxins produced by S. aureus and S. pyogenes, of which the staphylococcal enterotoxins and the toxic shock syndrome toxin are the best known. Superantigens also occur endogen ously in mice, most notably the enigmatic Mis determinants, that have withstood characterization for nearly 20 years. Only very recently was it found that Mis is probably encoded by endogenous retroviruses. The list of candidates that are implicated as being superantigens is growing. In many cases, however, the proof that a given molecule indeed falls into this category is still missing.

Download or read book Streptococcal Superantigens written by Anshu Babbar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides ample knowledge and better understanding of Streptococcus pyogenes and their superantigens. Many illustrations make this a highly informative book. This book elucidates briefly Streptococcus pyogenes as a strict human pathogen possessing an array of virulence factors. These help in evading host immune responses such as by the activation of non-specific T-cell subpopulations by producing superantigens. This book mainly focuses on streptococcal superantigens and explains how they are different from conventional antigens. Moreover, it elaborates those diseases in which superantigens are actively involved. Useful aspects of superantigens and different therapeutic interventions to eradicate superantigens induced diseased are also discussed.

Download or read book Superantigens and Superallergens written by Gianni Marone and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superantigens constitute a growing family of bacterial and viral proteins that share the capacity of inducing massive activation of the immune system. This volume contains contributions from leaders in the field of classical T cell superantigens and sheds light on relevant B cell superantigens at the molecular and biochemical levels. This is the first volume to put together basic and clinical aspects of the classical T cell superantigens, B cell superantigens and superallergens. It will therefore be indispensable reading to basic and clinical immunologists, microbiologists, virologists and specialists in allergic and immune disorders.

Download or read book Bacterial Superantigens written by Jacques Thibodeau and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the field of superantigens (SAgs) has boomed in recent years, the function of these proteins in bacterial infection remains elusive. This volume begins with a brief introduction, followed by 15 chapters. Among the topics are structural studies of streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin superantigens; Yersinia infection--the virulence determinants and SAgs they produce; structural features of T cell receptor recognition of SAgs; the pathophysiology of bacterial SAgs in vivo; and antibody targeted SAgs in experimental tumor therapy. Annotation copyright by Book News, Inc., Portland, OR

Download or read book The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins written by Joseph E. Alouf and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-12-20 with total page 1072 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the major achievements and discoveries relevant to bacterial protein toxins since the turn of the new century illustrated by the discovery of more than fifty novel toxins (many of them identified through genome screening). The establishment of the three-dimensional crystal structure of more than 20 toxins during the same period offers deeper knowledge of structure-activity relationships and provides a framework to understand how toxins recognize receptors, penetrate membranes and interact with and modify intracellular substrates. - Edited by two of the most highly regarded experts in the field from the Institut Pasteur, France - 14 brand new chapters dedicated to coverage of historical and general aspects of toxinology - Includes the major toxins of both basic and clinical interest are described in depth - Details applied aspects of toxins such as therapy, vaccinology, and toolkits in cell biology - Evolutionary and functional aspects of bacterial toxins evaluated and summarized - Toxin applications in cell biology presented - Therapy (cancer therapy, dystonias) discussed - Vaccines (native and genetically engineered vaccines) featured - Toxins discussed as biological weapons, comprising chapters on anthrax, diphtheria, ricin etc.

Download or read book Viral Superantigens written by Kyuhei Tomonari and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-05-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of viral superantigens in 1991, immunologists have made a number of new discoveries. The discoveries, especially those relating to the interplay between the immune system and viruses producing superantigens, have had a great impact on immunology and virology, as it appears that some diseases are triggered or exacerbated by viral superantigens. Viral Superantigens presents a complete review of this new area of study. Edited by a leading researcher and authored by a distinguished team of contributors, this comprehensive analysis covers every aspect of viral superantigens and related subjects, including critical topics such as effects on the T cell repertoire and viral superantigen-mediated diseases. Immunologists and virologists, clinical practitioners, and graduate students will find this book an invaluable resource to encourage further advances in research.

Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.

Download or read book Elsevier s Integrated Review Immunology and Microbiology E Book written by Jeffrey K. Actor and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-09-28 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effectively merge basic science and clinical skills with Elsevier’s Integrated Review of Immunology and Microbiology, by Jeffrey K. Actor, PhD. This concise, high-yield title in the popular Integrated Review Series focuses on the core knowledge in immunology and microbiology while linking that information to related concepts from other basic science disciplines. Case-based questions at the end of each chapter enable you to gauge your mastery of the material, and a color-coded format allows you to quickly find the specific guidance you need. . This concise and user-friendly reference provides crucial guidance for the early years of medical training and USMLE preparation. This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this digital book edition, media content is not included. Spend more time reviewing and less time searching thanks to an extremely focused, "high-yield" presentation. Gauge your mastery of the material and build confidence with case-based and USMLE-style questions that provide effective chapter review and quick practice for your exams. This title includes additional digital media when purchased in print format. For this digital book edition, media content is not included. Grasp and retain vital concepts more easily thanks to a color-coded format, succinct text, key concept boxes, and dynamic illustrations that facilitate learning in a highly visual approach. Effectively review for problem-based courses with the help of text boxes that help you clearly see the clinical relevance of the material.

Download or read book Immunology for Pharmacy E Book written by Dennis Flaherty and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2011-09-02 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a new pharmacy-specific approach to immunology, Immunology for Pharmacy prepares pharmacists for practice by providing a complete understanding of the basis of immunology and the consequences of either suppressing or enhancing immune function. It covers key subjects such as prophylaxis and vaccination, antibodies as therapeutic and diagnostic agents, biological modifiers, and the rationale for use and mechanisms of therapeutic agents. Written by experienced author and educator Dennis Flaherty, this book presents topics with a logical, step-by-step approach, explaining concepts and their practical application. A companion Evolve website reinforces your understanding with flashcards and animations. - Pharmacy-specific coverage narrows the broad field of immunology to those areas most pertinent and clinically relevant to pharmacy students. - 165 full-color illustrations help to illuminate difficult concepts. - Factors That Influence the Immune Response chapter covers biological agents including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and their related toxins and how they relate to the immune system. - Three chapters on vaccinations prepare you for this important part of the pharmacist's role by discussing cancer treatment with whole tumor vaccines, cell vaccines, and viral vector vaccines, describing other vaccines such as recombinant vaccines and plant vaccines, and examining how diseases such as diphtheria, whooping cough, and tetanus respond to vaccinations. - A summary of drugs used in treating each condition helps you understand typical treatments and their immunological mechanisms, so you can choose proper treatments. - Integrated information makes it easier to understand how various parts of the immune system work together, leading to a better understanding of immunology as a whole. - A unique focus on practical application and critical thinking shows the interrelationship of concepts and makes it easier to apply theory to practice. - Information on AIDS covers the identification and treatment of both strains of HIV as well as AIDS, preparing you for diseases you will see in practice. - Unique student-friendly features simplify your study with learning objectives and key terms at the beginning of each chapter, bulleted summaries and self-assessment questions at the end of each chapter, and a glossary at the back of the book. - Over 60 tables summarize and provide quick reference to important material. - A companion Evolve website includes animations and pharmacy terminology flashcards.

Download or read book Bacterial Exotoxins How Bacteria Fight the Immune System written by Inka Sastalla and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-10-07 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bacterial pathogenicity factors are functionally diverse. They may facilitate the adhesion and colonization of bacteria, influence the host immune response, assist spreading of the bacterium by e.g. evading recognition by immune cells, or allow bacteria to dwell within protected niches inside the eukaryotic cell. Exotoxins can be single polypeptides or heteromeric protein complexes that act on different parts of the cells. At the cell surface, they may insert into the membrane to cause damage; bind to receptors to initiate their uptake; or facilitate the interaction with other cell types. For example, bacterial superantigens specifically bind to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II molecules on the surface of antigen presenting cells and the T cell receptor, while cytolysins cause pore formation. For intracellular activity, exotoxins need to be translocated across the eukaryotic membrane. Gram-negative bacteria can directly inject effector proteins in a receptor-independent manner by use of specialized needle apparatus such as bacterial type II, III, or type IV secretion systems. Other methods of translocation include the phagocytic uptake of bacteria followed by toxin secretion, or receptor-mediated endocytosis which allows the targeting of distinct cell types. Receptor-based uptake is initiated by the binding of heteromeric toxin complexes to the cell surface and completed by the translocation of the effector protein(s) across the endosomal membrane. In the cytosol, toxins interact with specific eukaryotic target proteins to cause post-translational modifications that often result in the manipulation of cellular signalling cascades and inflammatory responses. It has become evident that the actions of some bacterial toxins may exceed their originally assumed cytotoxic function. For example, pore-forming toxins do not only cause cytolysis, but may also induce autophagy, pyroptosis, or activation of the MAPK pathways, resulting in adjustment of the host immune response to infection and modification of inflammatory responses both locally and systemically. Other recently elucidated examples of the immunomodulatory function of cell death-inducing exotoxins include TcdB of Clostridium difficile which activates the inflammasome through modification of cellular Rho GTPases, or the Staphyloccocus d-toxin which activates mast cells. The goal of this research topic was to gather current knowledge on the interaction of bacterial exotoxins and effector proteins with the host immune system. The following 16 research and review articles in this special issue describe mechanisms of immune modification and evasion and provide an overview over the complexity of bacterial toxin interaction with different cells of the immune system.

Download or read book Microbial Toxins in Dairy Products written by Adnan Y. Tamime and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-02-06 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food-borne diseases, including those via dairy products, have been recognised as major threats to human health. The causes associated with dairy food-borne disease are the use of raw milk in the manufacture of dairy products, faulty processing conditions during the heat treatment of milk, post-processing contamination, failure in due diligence and an unhygienic water supply. Dairy food-borne diseases affecting human health are associated with certain strains of bacteria belonging to the genera of Clostridium, Bacillus, Escherichia, Staphylococcus and Listeria, which are capable of producing toxins, plus moulds that can produce mycotoxins such as aflatoxins, sterigmatocytin and ochratoxin. Microbial Toxins in Dairy Products reviews the latest scientific knowledge and developments for detecting and studying the presence of these toxins in dairy products, updating the analytical techniques required to examine bacterial and mould toxins and the potential for contamination of milk as it passes along the food chain, i.e. from 'farm-to-fork'. This comprehensive and accessible collection of techniques will help dairy processors, food scientists, technologists, researchers and students to further minimise the incidences of dairy food-borne illnesses in humans.

Download or read book Superantigen Protocols written by Teresa Krakauer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading researchers in the biological, chemical, and physical investigation of superantigens describe in step-by-step detail their best experimental techniques to assess the physical characteristics and biological effects of superantigens. Their protocols range from those for investigating the interactions of superantigens with cellular receptors to those for the analysis of their immunological and biological effects, including methods for using BIOcore to determine binding kinetics and establishing various lymphocyte cell culture systems. There are also accounts of such methods as the RNase protection assay, cytokine ELISA, FACS analysis, and cytokine production at the single cell level..

Download or read book Wound Healing and Skin Physiology written by Peter Altmeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the occasion of the European Congress on Wound Healing and Skin Physiology (Bochum, Germany, November 1992), an international team of scientists and clinicians discussed the core topics in this important field of dermatological and surgical research. Themes include morphology and physiology, microcirculation and angiogenesis, biochemistry and immunology, microbiology and wound infection, non-invasive measurement techniques, wound repair, surgical treatment, dressings, and agents that promote wound healing.

Download or read book Superantigens written by Leung and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-02-20 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This up-to-date sourcebook covers viral and bacterial superantigens (SAgs) from molecular structure and immunological processes to pathology and treatment of superantigen-mediated human diseases. Discusses diseases beyond Toxic Shock Syndrome, such as autoimmune and inflammatory skin conditions, as well as the role of superantigens in other infectious diseases. Illustrated with molecular structures of superantigens.

Download or read book Clinical Infectious Diseases Study Guide written by Joseph Domachowske and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-05 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is meticulously designed for the busy student, trainee, or seasoned physician looking to enhance or refresh skills in infectious diseases. It is intended to provide a solid resource for students and physicians in need of a concise yet comprehensive background of the material. Each chapter begins with a summary of the topic, a brief case description, definitions, critical teaching points, and tables, figures, photos, and other visual materials to reinforce learning. The chapters take a systems based approach to infections before concluding with the essentials of diagnostic microbiology to leave users with a practical toolkit for real-world clinics. Authored by two expert educators and dual infectious diseases and pediatrics specialists, Clinical Infectious Diseases Study Guide is the only updated study guide designed for medical students, fellows, residents, and trainees who need a strong foundation in infectious diseases. This includes infectious disease specialists in both adult and pediatric care, various internal medicine subspecialists, and hospitalists.

Download or read book HLA DR Antigens written by Melvin Madsen and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mayo Clinic Infectious Diseases Board Review written by Zelalem Temesgen and published by OUP USA. This book was released on 2011-09-16 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by practicing infectious diseases specialists at Mayo Clinic, this comprehensive, state-of-the-art publication covers current and essential clinical aspects of diseases likely to be encountered by the infectious disease specialist as well as to appear on the subspecialty infectious diseases board examination.