Download or read book Bacterial Source Tracking and Survival of Escherichia Coli written by Cynthia L. Meays and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Source Tracking and Survival of Escherichia Coli written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface water is used for drinking by many people around the world. E. coli is the most frequently used bacterial indicator used for assessing water quality. The survival, sources, and concentrations of E. coli were examined through a series of experiments that investigated the survival of beef cattle E. coli on land and in water, and used bacterial source tracking (BST) to determine the sources of fecal contamination diurnally and annually in multiple watersheds in British Columbia. A fecal pat experiment was conducted to examine the survival of E. coli under 4 levels of solar exposure. E. coli survived longer with increasing shade. Age of fecal pats, as well as exposure to solar radiation negatively influenced the survival of E. coli. The survival of E. coli in stream water was examined in filtered and unfiltered stream water at 3 different temperatures (6, 20 and 26 oC). There was no significant difference in the survival of E. coli in filtered versus non-filtered stream water. Lower water temperatures (6 oC) increased the survival of E. coli. The addition of manure to the water substantially increased the nutrient concentrations and organics. BST is a rapidly growing area of research and technology development and many methods are being developed and tested. The choice of method used for BST depends on: question(s) to be answered, scale of identification needed, available expertise, cost of analysis, turnaround time, and access to facilities. The spatial, diurnal, and annual sources and concentrations of E. coli were investigated in several watersheds in British Columbia. Fecal coliforms and E. coli concentrations varied throughout the day, as well as by site, month and year. Ribotyping identified many different sources of E. coli within the watersheds. The majority of E. coli isolates classified were from wildlife sources in each watershed even though they had different land-use.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Jorge W. Santo Domingo and published by Emerging Issues in Food Safety. This book was released on 2007 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a state-of-the-art review of the current technology and applications being utilized to identify sources of fecal contamination in waterways. - Serves as a useful reference for researchers in the food industry, especially scientists investigating etiological agents responsible for food contamination. - Provides background information on MST methods and the assumptions and limitations associated with their use. - Covers a broad range of topics related to MST, including environmental monitoring, public health and national security, population biology, and microbial ecology. - Offers valuable insights into future research directions and technology developments.
Download or read book Occurrence and Fate of Escherichia Coli from Non point Sources in Cedar Creek Watershed Texas written by Reema Padia and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fecal contamination is the pollution caused by the microorganisms residing in the intestine of warm blooded animals and humans. Bacteria are the prime cause of contamination of surface waters in the US. The transport of microorganisms into waterways can have detrimental effects on water quality and human health especially if the pathogenic strains are ingested. E. coli is used as an indicator of fecal contamination. Detection of these bacteria in a water body above set limits poses a potential health hazard. Various sources contribute to the bacterial contamination of a water body. The sources need to be identified and quantified for their E. coli content to measure bacteria loads in the waterbody accurately. In many cases, in-situ re-growth is also believed to be a considerable source of E. coli. Also re-growth of E. coli in landscapes due to favorable environmental conditions (e.g., rainfall after dry weather conditions) is one of the major phenomena affecting E. coli concentration in streams. Thus the environmental factors like temperature and soil moisture that influence transport, persistence, re-growth, and survival of E. coli in landscapes were studied. The objective of this study was to identify, characterize and quantify E. coli loads from feces of four different animals and monitor survival, growth and re-growth at four different temperatures and moisture contents over a period of seven days. Findings of this research will aid in Watershed Protection Plan (WPP) development and Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) development to address impairment from point and non-point source pollution of E. coli. Wildlife and range cattle manure samples responsible for fecal contamination of Cedar Creek were identified and four fecal sources out of those were quantified for the E. coli concentrations. No significant difference was found upon comparing the E. coli concentration for each species between the genders. Sub-adult cattle demonstrated significantly higher E. coli concentrations than adult cattle. Growth and die-off rates were measured at different temperatures (0degreesC, 10degreesC, 25degreesC, and 50degreesC) and moisture conditions (1%, 25% 56.5% and 83%). E. coli concentrations in cattle and raccoons feces showed highest survivability and growth at 20degreesC out of all the temperatures studied. There was no survival of E. coli from either species at 50degreesC after 24 h. E. coli in cattle and raccoons samples exhibited greater growth at lower, nearly aerobic soil moisture content (25%) for all days compared to nearly anaerobic soil moisture content (83%).
Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â
Download or read book Waterborne Zoonoses written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking of Escherichia Coli in Lake Erie written by Richard J. Boheen and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A microbial source tracking study was initiated to determine the sources of Escherichia coli in Lake Erie in western New York State. E. coli isolates were obtained from human and animal sources (deer, dog, cat, cow, goose, and gull) to create a library of known genetic fingerprints. E. coli were isolated from the sand and water at two recreational beaches on Lake Erie: Point Gratiot Park Beach, and Wright Park Beach. E. coli were also isolated from the local tributaries: Canadaway Creek, Crooked Brook, and Hyde Creek. Amplified-Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLP) were used to generate unique genetic fingerprints from all E. coli isolates. DNA fingerprints from known sources were compiled into libraries using Gel Compar II software. Jackknife analysis of the DNA fingerprinting library using maximum similarities yielded percentages of 92%, 91.2%, 75%, 93.9%, 91.9%, 100%,100%, and 94.9% for goose, dog, deer, human, cat, cow, gull, and sand respectively. Sand isolates were added to the DNA fingerprinting library based on high fidelity of the group. Genetic comparison of DNA fingerprinting from unknown isolates against the DNA fingerprint library was based on densiometric curve comparisons based on the Pearson correlation coefficient, and dendograms were constructed with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic averages (UPGMA). Comparison of 294 DNA fingerprints from environmental E. coli isolates against the DNA fingerprint library based on maximum similarities indicated that most isolates (73.5%) were not genetically similar to host sources in the library (based on a match of 85% or greater). Interestingly, 26% of the E. coli isolates obtained from Wright Park Beach were genetically similar to isolates from shoreline sand. The results of this study suggest that most of the E. coli present in the beach waters, sand and tributaries are naturalized strains and are not the result of fecal pollution. -- Author abstract.
Download or read book Escherichia Coli and Microbial Source Tracking Marker Concentrations in and Near a Constructed Wetland in Maumee Bay State Park Oregon Ohio 2015 16 written by Christopher M. Kephart and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessments of Plant and Microbial Interactions of Escherichia Coli O157 H7 and Salmonella on Romaine Lettuce and Development of Molecular Tools for Detection and Source Matching of Pathogenic and Commensal Escherichia Coli Applied to Regional Investigations Relevant to Sources of Lettuce Outbreaks written by Wendy Anne Maduff and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bacterial Genomes written by F.J. de Bruijn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A wide range of microbiologists, molecular biologists, and molecular evolutionary biologists will find this new volume of singular interest. It summarizes the present knowledge about the structure and stability of microbial genomes, and reviews the techniques used to analyze and fingerprint them. Maps of approximately thirty important microbes, along with articles on the construction and relevant features of the maps are included. The volume is not intended as a complete compendium of all information on microbial genomes, but rather focuses on approaches, methods and good examples of the analysis of small genomes.
Download or read book Bacterial Source Tracking of E Coli in a Constructed Wetland written by Rose M. Martin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book E coli written by Stephen Palmer and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-03-28 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed at health professionals who need to be informed about the sources and effects of E.coli 0157. It also provides non specialist professionals with an introduction to the methods,
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking written by Caitlen C. Denny and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking with Bifidobacteria Rhodococci and Multiresistant Escherichia Coli to Discriminate Faecal Contaminations of Human and Animal Origin in Drinking Water written by Fatma Karabulut and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Source Tracking of Escherichia Coli in a Freshwater Lake in Northwestern Ontario Boulevard Lake Thunder Bay written by Jeremy Yang and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Escherichia coli is regularly used as a fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in recreational waters but its persistence in the environment brings its use into doubt. A secondary FIB known as Bacteroides has been under a lot of research lately. Because Bacteroides can be measured with quantitative PCR (qPCR) techniques easily, this makes it an effective FIB to detect fecal contamination. Boulevard Lake in Thunder Bay, Ontario experiences instances of elevated levels of E. coli throughout the summer seasons. For the 2011 season the Bacteroides 16S rDNA markers were monitored and compared with the E. coli population. As both of these FIB are found in feces, influxes of fecal contamination would see increases in both populations. The planktonic E. coli population densities exceeded the Canadian Recreational Water Quality Guidelines of 2.30 log CFU 100ml-1 two times throughout the summer season. These were measured at 2.86 and 2.38 log CFU 100 ml-1 on July 21, 2011 and September 2, 2011, respectively. The Bacteroides biomarkers did have any significant increases during these peak periods of E. coli with p> 0.05. This would suggest that the increased levels of E. coli may not have been due to fecal contaminants. Further investigations with a microbial source tracking approach will provide insights to the potential source(s) of E. coli in Boulevard Lake. For both 2010 and 2011, the planktonic E. coli population at Boulevard Lake was monitored."--Abstract.
Download or read book Microbial Source Tracking Methods Applications and Case Studies written by Charles Hagedorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-08 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the origin of fecal pollution is essential in assessing potential health risks as well as for determining the actions necessary to remediate the quality of waters contaminated by fecal matter. As a result, microbial source tracking (MST) has emerged as a field that has evolved and diversified rapidly since the first approaches were described only a decade ago. In response to the emergence of MST, there have been three large multi-laboratory method comparison studies (two in the US and one in Europe), plus numerous workshops, book chapters, and review articles dedicated to synthesizing information on the topic. Furthermore, a federal (USEPA) guide document describing the uses and limitations of MST methods was published in 2005, and a book dedicated to MST as an emerging issue in food safety was published in 2007. These documents provide a collective body of literature on MST that is both conflicting and complementary, often repetitious, and difficult to condense and interpret. In addition, it does not reflect the current diversity of MST approaches with different organisms, newer methodologies such as quantitative PCR, and anthropogenic chemicals, nor does it embrace the scope of MST research being conducted around the world. The three editors of the book, all with extensive MST expertise, have developed chapters and invited authors who reflect the rich diversity and truly international scope of MST. The unifying theme throughout the book is the design of more standardized approaches to MST that include performance criteria (regardless of method or organism), plus recommendations for field study design and MST implementation. The editors intend that this book will serve as a valuable reference for all those who are involved with
Download or read book Development and Validation of Novel Methods for Microbial Source Tracking Based on Escherichia Coli as an Indicator of Water Quality written by Maxim Sheludchenko and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
