Download or read book Backwashing Rapid Gravity Filters written by C. S. Short and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Mathematical Model for Rapid Gravity Filter Backwashing written by David Hall and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Auxiliary Backwash Method for Rapid Sand Filters written by Richard C. Pohlman and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2006 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this project was to determine differences in filter effluent water quality and media cleanliness between sand filters employing air scour and those employing surface wash. Discussed in detail are the findings that scour and surface wash systems performed similarly relative to filter effluent quality and filter cleanliness. The advantages of one system over another can be site-specific particularly in retrofit applications.
Download or read book Water Filtration Practices written by Gary S. Logsdon and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water operators will find a wealth of hands-on information on the operation and maintenance of pretreatment, rapid-rate granular media filtration, slow-sand filtration, and diatomaceous-earth filtration systems in this book. This practical guide provides recommended procedures for operating, monitoring, and maintaining all types of filters used for conventional water treatment. These procedures are tested and time-proven by hundreds of water utilities and filtration experts to provide high filter efficiency, excellent water quality, long filter runs and minimum downtime. The book also gives advice on what not to do-and why-so you can avoid water quality problems, filter damage, and treatment problems in the future.
Download or read book Filter Maintenance and Operations Guidance Manual written by Gary S. Logsdon and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2002 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This manual was developed to provide guidance on techniques and procedures for maintanance and operation of water filtration plants and to provide background information and advice on where to find additional information.
Download or read book Hydraulics of Backwashing Rapid Sand Filters written by Robert Charles Hanlon and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes written by Rolf Gimbel and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2006-03-31 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Slow sand filtration is typically cited as being the first "engineered" process in drinking-water treatment. Proven modifications to the conventional slow sand filtration process, the awareness of induced biological activity in riverbank filtration systems, and the growth of oxidant-induced biological removals in more rapid-rate filters (e.g. biological activated carbon) demonstrate the renaissance of biofiltration as a treatment process that remains viable for both small, rural communities and major cities. Biofiltration is expected to become even more common in the future as efforts intensify to decrease the presence of disease-causing microorganisms and disinfection by-products in drinking water, to minimize microbial regrowth potential in distribution systems, and where operator skill levels are emphasized. Recent Progress in Slow Sand and Alternative Biofiltration Processes provides a state-of-the-art assessment on a variety of biofiltration systems from studies conducted around the world. The authors collectively represent a perspective from 23 countries and include academics, biofiltration system users, designers, and manufacturers. It provides an up-to-date perspective on the physical, chemical, biological, and operational factors affecting the performance of slow sand filtration (SSF), riverbank filtration (RBF), soil-aquifer treatment (SAT), and biological activated carbon (BAC) processes. The main themes are: comparable overviews of biofiltration systems; slow sand filtration process behavior, treatment performance and process developments; and alternative biofiltration process behaviors, treatment performances, and process developments.
Download or read book The backwashing of rapid sand filters written by Salim Erol Ulug and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Twort s Water Supply written by Malcolm J. Brandt and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-09-03 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Twort's Water Supply, Seventh Edition, has been expanded to provide the latest tools and techniques to meet engineering challenges over dwindling natural resources. Approximately 1.1 billion people in rural and peri-urban communities of developing countries do not have access to safe drinking water. The mortality from diarrhea-related diseases amounts to 2.2 million people each year from the consumption of unsafe water. This update reflects the latest WHO, European, UK, and US standards, including the European Water Framework Directive. The book also includes an expansion of waste and sludge disposal, including energy and sustainability, and new chapters on intakes, chemical storage, handling, and sampling. Written for both professionals and students, this book is essential reading for anyone working in water engineering. - Features expanded coverage of waste and sludge disposal to include energy use and sustainability - Includes a new chapter on intakes - Includes a new chapter on chemical storage and handling
Download or read book Wastewater Filtration written by and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improving Initial Filtrate Quality of Rapid Sand Filter written by Chandrakant Wagh and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2019-10-21 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Need of water purification was realized by man in early stages of civilization. So, Central and State Government are making efforts to provide adequate and safe drinking water to the people by constructing water treatment plants in the country. Filtration process under goes degradation at initial and last phase which affect the initial effluent quality of filtrate after back washing. The rapid sand filter is important unit of water treatment plant which removes the flocs and colloids through filtration After backwash filter when rapid sand filter brought back in to normal operation high initial turbidity of filtrate is observed. It is in the form of turbidity spike. To reduce this turbidity spike filter conditioning is essential. The present study is for rapid sand filter conditioning using coagulants as alum and polymer in different percentage during backwash of rapid sand filter. The optimal dosage as well as corresponding points of application during backwash will be determined based on laboratory scale studies which found to be improved in initial effluent quality of rapid sand filter.
Download or read book Alternative Filter Media in Rapid Gravity Filtration of Potable Water written by Phillip D. Davies and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sand has been the main filter media used in rapid gravity filtration since their emergence in the 19th century. This dominance is due to its low cost, availability and extensive experience which has led to dependable and predictable performance. Over recent years multi-media filters have become the typical filter arrangement. Sand still remains the preferred filter medium in the lower layer with typically anthracite used in the upper layer. A limitation to match previous work has been the emphasis on overall performance but mechanistic analysis as to the reasons for the variations compared to sand has been rare. The fundamental effects of particle size and consolidation on filtration performance and headloss are known but were not often accounted for in the reported research. This has limited the academic contribution of previous work and made it more difficult to compare with the data for this thesis. At an average treatment works the highest costs are associated with the use of chemicals (30 %) and power (60 %) required mainly for pumping. Rapid gravity filters are one of the least energy demanding stages in this system, only requiring pumping for backwashing and air scour, assuming gravity feed was incorporated into the design. Energy efficiency of water treatment has become more important and the research was conducted to determine if the use of novel new media could be used to improve the performance of the filters with regards to turbidity and headloss. For example, the result presented within this thesis demonstrates through the use of angular media improved performance to benefit both turbidity and headloss performance. This was obtained from slate having a sphericity of 0.49 compared to sand at 0.88. In addition the use of novel materials with different physical properties has allowed an extension to analysis of performance using fundamental filtration mechanisms. The greater range of properties available from the novel media used in this thesis compared to sand has suggested additions to this theory. The use of surface reactive materials, including limestone, has shown the removal of additional contaminants such as phosphorus, iron, aluminium and manganese not typically associated with rapid gravity filtration. An assessment of the impact these reactions had on typical filter performance criteria, for example turbidity, headloss and life expectancy. The results showed an 97 % removal of Fe in the limestone compared to 13 % for sand. This was brought about by the precipitation of hydroxide, coagulation, a pH change and consequent co-precipitation. In the case of iron and aluminium removal this pH induced change was theorized as the most likely cause of coagulation within the filter bed itself leading to improved turbidity removal performance. Filter media chosen for laboratory and pilot study in this work was firstly assessed using British Standards tests, but additional tests were added that could provide additional characterisation data. The media were selected based on an individual fundamental property that differed from the other media selected whilst retaining the standard RGF size. Filtralite for example offered a high surface area, limestone a more active surface and slate a plate-like particle shape. Glass had a very smooth surface texture and as a recycled material better sustainability. Four of these filter media (Sand (control), Glass, Filtralite and Slate) were then selected for further on-site pilot plant studies, based on results from the laboratory work. Both the laboratory and pilot study suggested that turbidity and headloss performance could be improved by changes in media specification. The results showed that after particle size, angularity of the media was the most important factor affecting turbidity and headloss performance. A greater angularity led to improvements in filter run time with for example a doubling of filter run time with the slate compared to sand for the same turbidity removal in the pilot plant. Previous literature had suggested an improvement in turbidity performance but that head loss would deteriorate but this was not seen in the data from this research, with slate (sphericity of 0.49) offering improved headloss performance. This improvement was attributed to the varied packing of the filter bed and associated porosity variations throughout the filter. The objectives of the pilot study were to provide understanding of scale-up factors and adjust these theories with real variable clarified water. Real water chemistry is too complex to model and enabled experiments more typical of the variation that a rapid gravity filter would encounter. The pilot plant is 0.07 % the plan area of a full scale filter compared to the 0.01 % of the laboratory columns. Results corroborated the laboratory work on the effect of extreme particle shapes on filter performance. The pilot study also highlighted problems from floc carry over with the use of clarified water and quantified the impact it had on filtration performance. In this case floc carryover changed the performance of the pilot plant results significantly. Thus an overall conclusion from the work was that an integrated design approach to filters, to account for the clarifier type the likelihood of floc carryover and raw water anticipated could be further researched. There were also limitations to the current monitoring equipment that could not quantitatively measure the floc carryover because of large particle size.
Download or read book Backwash Instability in Rapid Sand Filters written by Peter A. Norman and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using the Composite Correction Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Physicochemical Treatment Processes written by Lawrence K. Wang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-03-11 with total page 731 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past 30 years have seen the emergence of a growing desire worldwide to take positive actions to restore and protect the environment from the degrading effects of all forms of pollution: air, noise, solid waste, and water. Because pollution is a direct or indirect consequence of waste, the seemingly idealistic demand for “zero discharge” can be construed as an unrealistic demand for zero waste. However, as long as waste exists, we can only attempt to abate the subsequent pollution by converting it to a less noxious form. Three major questions usually arise when a particular type of pollution has been identified: (1) How serious is the pollution? (2) Is the technology to abate it available? and (3) Do the costs of abatement justify the degree of abatement achieved? The principal intention of the Handbook of Environmental Engineering series is to help readers formulate answers to the last two questions. The traditional approach of applying tried-and-true solutions to specific pollution pr- lems has been a major contributing factor to the success of environmental engineering, and has accounted in large measure for the establishment of a “methodology of pollution c- trol. ” However, realization of the ever-increasing complexity and interrelated nature of current environmental problems makes it imperative that intelligent planning of pollution abatement systems be undertaken.
Download or read book Water Supply written by Alan C. Twort and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2000-04-30 with total page 728 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A study of water supply technology for students and practising engineers. This updated fifth edition covers important topics such as demand management, risk management and environmental impact assessment. European, UK and US standards, reputations and practice are covered throughout.
Download or read book Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations Second Edition written by Frank R. Spellman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-11-18 with total page 868 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hailed on its initial publication as a real-world, practical handbook, the second edition of Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operations continues to make the same basic point: water and wastewater operators must have a basic skill set that is both wide and deep. They must be generalists, well-rounded in the sciences, cyber operations, math operations, mechanics, technical concepts, and common sense. With coverage that spans the breadth and depth of the field, the handbook explores the latest principles and technologies and provides information necessary to prepare for licensure exams. Expanded from beginning to end, this second edition provides a no-holds-barred look at current management issues and includes the latest security information for protecting public assets. It presents in-depth coverage of management aspects and security needs and a new chapter covering the basics of blueprint reading. The chapter on water and wastewater mathematics has tripled in size and now contains an additional 200 problems and 350 math system operational problems with solutions. The manual examines numerous real-world operating scenarios, such as the intake of raw sewage and the treatment of water via residual management, and each scenario includes a comprehensive problem-solving practice set. The text follows a non-traditional paradigm based on real-world experience and proven parameters. Clearly written and user friendly, this revision of a bestseller builds on the remarkable success of the first edition. This book is a thorough compilation of water science, treatment information, process control procedures, problem-solving techniques, safety and health information, and administrative and technological trends.
