Download or read book Axon Guidance Signaling in C Elegans Motor Neurons and Its Application to Understanding Neurological Disorders written by Shih-Yu Chen and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hallmark of the nervous system is its ability to process information. This unique feature relies on proper establishment of the entire network of neuronal connections. Axon guidance is one of the early developmental processes that are essential for establishing functional neuronal connections throughout the nervous system. The goal of my work is to understand the molecular mechanisms of axon guidance and its implications in human disorders. During axon guidance the growing axon has to constantly regulate its receptors in order to properly sense concentration differences across a gradient set by a guidance cue. My results showed that the axon guidance signaling molecule MAX-1 is SUMOylated by its interacting partner GEI-17 and regulates UNC-5 receptor through APB-3 containing AP-3 complex in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons. The data collected from my studies lead to a model that MAX-1 and APB-3 signaling pathway modulate the dynamic trafficking of axon guidance receptor UNC-5 when axon is guided across a concentration gradient. Defects in neuronal connectivity of the brain are well documented among schizophrenia patients. Although the schizophrenia susceptibility gene Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) has been implicated in various neurodevelopmental processes, its role in regulating axonal connections remains elusive. Using a relatively simple and well-characterized Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons system, I established a heterologous DISC1 transgenic model to investigate whether DISC1 regulates axon guidance during development. My results revealed a previously unknown function of DISC1 to shape axonal connectivity in the developing nervous system by exploiting the TRIO-RAC-PAK signaling pathway.
Download or read book Multiple Axon Guidance Pathways Asymmetrically Distribute Axons in the Ventral Nerve Cord of Caenorhabditis Elegans written by Jesse Taylor and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early during development neurons project small filamentous processes, axons and dendrites, that extend and eventually connect with other cells and tissues. These processes can grow over long distances and allow for transmission of information between cells. The proper functioning of our nervous system is dependent on these same processes correctly navigating to specific end targets. This is achieved through guidance cues in the environment which interact with receptors on the extending processes allowing them to be steered in the correct direction. Unfortunately, due to the high complexity of most vertebrate nervous systems our understanding of how axons and dendrites use these cues to navigate is still very limited. The aim of this thesis was to discover novel genes regulating axon guidance to shine additional light on how axons navigate during development. Normally axons of the ventral nerve cord in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans are invariably sorted asymmetrically. Animals with mutations impacting function in individual axon guidance signaling pathways show no or only very low penetrance of disruption of VNC asymmetry. Here genetic screens successfully isolated four mutants in which asymmetry between major longitudinal axon tracts is disrupted. One of these four mutants include a novel allele of the gene col-99 which encodes a previously uncharacterized transmembrane collagen with vertebrate homologs. Detailed characterization of animals lacking COL-99 revealed widespread axon guidance defects impacting longitudinal and lateral axon navigation of a variety of neurons. Of the remaining three mutants two were found to be alleles of unc-52 and unc-34, both previously characterised for roles in axon guidance, while the final mutation remains unidentified. Disruption of any one signaling pathway does not lead to penetrant VNC asymmetry defects suggesting redundancy between parallel signaling pathways here. To better understand how signaling pathways of multiple guidance cues may converge to control guidance at choice points single mutants were crossed into a nid-1 null mutant background and VNC asymmetry phenotypes examined. Previously nid-1 was found to substantially enhance navigation defects of the VNC pioneering neuron AVG when crossed into mutants showing a low penetrance of AVG navigation defects. Double mutants with nid-1 saw defect penetrance significantly increase in several cases indicating parallel signaling pathways. Combination of mutants into triple and quadruple mutant strains showed that UNC-6, SAX-3, and COL-99 represent members of parallel signaling pathways acting redundantly to guide axons in establishment of asymmetry which in addition depends on basement membranes components, including EPI-1. Thus multiple axon guidance signaling pathways, acting in tandem, ensure correct guidance and segregation of axons at the anterior choice point of the VNC establishing VNC asymmetry.
Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-06 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of neural development are essential for understanding evolution and disorders of neural systems. Recent advances in genetic, molecular, and cell biological methods have generated a massive increase in new information, but there is a paucity of comprehensive and up-to-date syntheses, references, and historical perspectives on this important subject. The Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series is designed to fill this gap, offering the most thorough coverage of this field on the market today and addressing all aspects of how the nervous system and its components develop. Particular attention is paid to the effects of abnormal development and on new psychiatric/neurological treatments being developed based on our increased understanding of developmental mechanisms. Each volume in the series consists of review style articles that average 15-20pp and feature numerous illustrations and full references. Volume 2 offers 56 high level articles devoted mainly to Formation of Axons and Dendrites, Migration, Synaptogenesis, Developmental Sequences in the Maturation of Intrinsic and Synapse Driven Patterns. - Series offers 144 articles for 2904 full color pages addressing ways in which the nervous system and its components develop - Features leading experts in various subfields as Section Editors and article Authors - All articles peer reviewed by Section Editors to ensure accuracy, thoroughness, and scholarship - Volume 2 sections include coverage of mechanisms which regulate: the formation of axons and dendrites, cell migration, synapse formation and maintenance during development, and neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation to early correlated patterns of activity
Download or read book Molecular Biology of the Cell written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Genomic Regulatory Systems written by Eric H. Davidson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-01-24 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interaction between biology and evolution has been the subject of great interest in recent years. Because evolution is such a highly debated topic, a biologically oriented discussion will appeal not only to scientists and biologists but also to the interested lay person. This topic will always be a subject of controversy and therefore any breaking information regarding it is of great interest.The author is a recognized expert in the field of developmental biology and has been instrumental in elucidating the relationship between biology and evolution. The study of evolution is of interest to many different kinds of people and Genomic Regulatory Systems: In Development and Evolution is written at a level that is very easy to read and understand even for the nonscientist.* Contents Include* Regulatory Hardwiring: A Brief Overview of the Genomic Control Apparatus and Its Causal Role in Development and Evolution * Inside the Cis-Regulatory Module: Control Logic and How the Regulatory Environment Is Transduced into Spatial Patterns of Gene Expression* Regulation of Direct Cell-Type Specification in Early Development* The Secret of the Bilaterians: Abstract Regulatory Design in Building Adult Body Parts* Changes That Make New Forms: Gene Regulatory Systems and the Evolution of Body Plans
Download or read book Extracellular and Intracellular Signaling written by James D. Adams and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2011 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intracellular cell signaling is a well understood process. However, extracellular signals such as hormones, adipokines, cytokines and neurotransmitters are just as important but have been largely ignored in other works. Aimed at medical professionals and pharmaceutical specialists, this book integrates extracellular and intracellular signalling processes and offers a fresh perspective on new drug targets.
Download or read book Cellular Migration and Formation of Axons and Dendrites written by Bin Chen and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-06-13 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, Second Edition, the latest release in the Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience series, presents the latest information on the genetic, molecular and cellular mechanisms of neural development. This book provides a much-needed update that underscores the latest research in this rapidly evolving field, with new section editors discussing the technological advances that are enabling the pursuit of new research on brain development. This volume focuses on the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration. Features leading experts in various subfields as section editors and article authors Presents articles that have been peer reviewed to ensure accuracy, thoroughness and scholarship Includes coverage of mechanisms which regulate the formation of axons and dendrites and cellular migration Covers neural activity, from cell-intrinsic maturation, to early correlated patterns of activity
Download or read book Kaufman s Atlas of Mouse Development Supplement written by Richard Baldock and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-09-23 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections continues the stellar reputation of the original Atlas by providing updated, in-depth anatomical content and morphological views of organ systems.The publication offers written descriptions of the developmental origins of the organ systems alongside high-resolution images for needed visualization of developmental processes. Matt Kaufman himself has annotated the coronal images in the same clear, meticulous style of the original Atlas. Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections follows the original Atlas as a continuation of the standard in the field for developmental biologists and researchers across biological and biomedical sciences studying mouse development. Provides high-resolution images for best visualization of key developmental processes and structures Offers in-depth anatomy and morphological views of organ systems Written descriptions convey developmental origins of the organ systems
Download or read book The Neurobiology of Olfaction written by Anna Menini and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Overview of Advances in OlfactionThe common belief is that human smell perception is much reduced compared with other mammals, so that whatever abilities are uncovered and investigated in animal research would have little significance for humans. However, new evidence from a variety of sources indicates this traditional view is likely
Download or read book Neuropeptide Systems as Targets for Parasite and Pest Control written by Timothy G. Geary and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-13 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need to continually discover new agents for the control or treatment of invertebrate pests and pathogens is undeniable. Agriculture, both animal and plant, succeeds only to the extent that arthropod and helminth consumers, vectors and pathogens can be kept at bay. Humans and their companion animals are also plagued by invertebrate parasites. The deployment of chemical agents for these purposes inevitably elicits the selection of resistant populations of the targets of control, necessitating a regular introduction of new kinds of molecules. Experience in other areas of chemotherapy has shown that a thorough understanding of the biology of disease is an essential platform upon which to build a discovery program. Unfortunately, investment of research resources into understanding the basic physiology of invertebrates as a strategy to illuminate new molecular targets for pesticide and parasiticide discovery has been scarce, and the pace of introduction of new molecules for these indications has been slowed as a result. An exciting and so far unexploited area to explore in this regard is invertebrate neuropeptide physiology. This book was assembled to focus attention on this promising field by compiling a comprehensive review of recent research on neuropeptides in arthropods and helminths, with contributions from many of the leading laboratories working on these systems.
Download or read book The Circuitry of the Human Spinal Cord written by Emmanuel Pierrot-Deseilligny and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2005-06-08 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Studies of human movement have proliferated in recent years, and there have been many studies of spinal pathways in humans, their role in movement, and their dysfunction in neurological disorders. This comprehensive reference surveys the literature related to the control of spinal cord circuits in human subjects, showing how they can be studied, their role in normal movement, and how they malfunction in disease states. Chapters are highly illustrated and consistently organised, reviewing, for each pathway, the experimental background, methodology, organisation and control, role during motor tasks, and changes in patients with CNS lesions. Each chapter concludes with a helpful resume that can be used independently of the main text to provide practical guidance for clinical studies. This will be essential reading for research workers and clinicians involved in the study, treatment and rehabilitation of movement disorders.
Download or read book Neuronal Guidance written by Marc Tessier-Lavigne and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the development of the brain growing nerves send out neuronal processes (axons and dendrites) that connect them to other nerve cells, sensory organs, and muscle tissue. Correct targeting of these is the basis for wiring of the entire nervous system and depends on attractive and repulsive molecular cues that guide the developing neurons to the appropriate destination. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology examines the mechanisms underlying neuronal guidance and branching and their roles in the development and function of the nervous system. The contributors examine the major guidance cues and their receptors, the intracellular signaling pathways they activate, and their function in the context of important phenomena such as laminar organization and dendrite spacing. Other chapters consider the roles of guidance cues in development of neuronal circuits dedicated to the processing of particular sensory stimuli, such as the visual and olfactory systems. In addition, they cover the roles played by guidance cues and their receptors in neuronal regeneration and human genetic disorders, revealing important clinical implications of work in this field. The book also contains chapters discussing the function of guidance molecules in other processes, such as neuronal cell body migration, axon pruning, and regulation of neuronal cell death. In addition, it explores their roles outside the nervous system for example, in development of the vasculature. This volume is thus of general interest to cell and developmental biologists, as well as all neurobiologists interested in how the nervous system develops and functions.
Download or read book Axon Degeneration written by Elisabetta Babetto and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-06-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of classical as well as innovative methods used to investigate axon degeneration with a particular focus on addressing the common challenges encountered while performing these procedures. Particular attention is devoted to the study of axon loss in several model organisms, as each poses unique challenges and provides powerful advantages. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Axon Degeneration: Methods and Protocols is an ideal guide for facilitating the application and further development of these protocols, which will help the scientific community tackle important questions regarding axon degeneration. Chapters 2, 3, and 20 are available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book Fundamental Neuroscience written by Larry Squire and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2008-04-02 with total page 1277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental Neuroscience, Third Edition introduces graduate and upper-level undergraduate students to the full range of contemporary neuroscience. Addressing instructor and student feedback on the previous edition, all of the chapters are rewritten to make this book more concise and student-friendly than ever before. Each chapter is once again heavily illustrated and provides clinical boxes describing experiments, disorders, and methodological approaches and concepts.Capturing the promise and excitement of this fast-moving field, Fundamental Neuroscience, 3rd Edition is the text that students will be able to reference throughout their neuroscience careers! 30% new material including new chapters on Dendritic Development and Spine Morphogenesis, Chemical Senses, Cerebellum, Eye Movements, Circadian Timing, Sleep and Dreaming, and Consciousness Additional text boxes describing key experiments, disorders, methods, and concepts Multiple model system coverage beyond rats, mice, and monkeys Extensively expanded index for easier referencing
Download or read book Macromolecular Protein Complexes II Structure and Function written by J. Robin Harris and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 657 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book follows on from Volume 83 in the SCBI series (“Macromolecular Protein Complexes”), and addresses several important topics (such as the Proteasome, Anaphase Promoting Complex, Ribosome and Apoptosome) that were not previously included, together with a number of additional exciting topics in this rapidly expanding field of study. Although the first SCBI Protein Complex book focused on soluble protein complexes, the second (Vol. 87)addressed Membrane Complexes, and the third (Vol. 88) put the spotlight on Viral Protein and Nucleoprotein Complexes, a number of membrane, virus and even fibrillar protein complexes have been be considered for inclusion in the present book. A further book is also under preparation that follows the same pattern, in an attempt to provide a thorough coverage of the subject. Chapter 9 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience written by Matt Carter and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2022-03-26 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern neuroscience research is inherently multidisciplinary, with a wide variety of cutting edge new techniques to explore multiple levels of investigation. This Third Edition of Guide to Research Techniques in Neuroscience provides a comprehensive overview of classical and cutting edge methods including their utility, limitations, and how data are presented in the literature. This book can be used as an introduction to neuroscience techniques for anyone new to the field or as a reference for any neuroscientist while reading papers or attending talks. Nearly 200 updated full-color illustrations to clearly convey the theory and practice of neuroscience methods Expands on techniques from previous editions and covers many new techniques including in vivo calcium imaging, fiber photometry, RNA-Seq, brain spheroids, CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing, and more Clear, straightforward explanations of each technique for anyone new to the field A broad scope of methods, from noninvasive brain imaging in human subjects, to electrophysiology in animal models, to recombinant DNA technology in test tubes, to transfection of neurons in cell culture Detailed recommendations on where to find protocols and other resources for specific techniques "Walk-through" boxes that guide readers through experiments step-by-step
