Download or read book The Enteric Nervous System written by John Barton Furness and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Human Cardiovascular Control written by Loring B. Rowell and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new analysis of reflex and hormonal control of the human cardiovascular system developed from questions raised in Human Circulation: During Physical Stress (Rowell, 1986) and from recent findings. The goal is to help students, physiologists and clinicians understand the control of pressure, vascular volume, and blood flow by examining the cardiovascular system during orthostasis and exercise, two stresses that most affect these variables. A discussion of the passive physical properties of the vascular system provides a basis for explaining how vascular control is modified by mechanical, neural, and humoral factors. Interactive effects of the vasculature on cardiac performance are emphasized; they reveal the importance of autonomic control, supplemented by muscle pumping, in maintaining adequate ventricular filling pressure. The author's detailed analysis of how total oxygen consumption is restricted focuses on limitations in cardiac pumping ability, oxygen diffusion from lungs to blood and from blood to active muscle, oxidative metabolism and neural control of organ blood flow. An unsolved mystery is the nature of the signals that govern the cardiovascular responses to exercise. This is discussed in a new and critical synthesis of ideas and evidence concerning the "error signals" that are sensed and then corrected by activation of the autonomic nervous system during exercise.

Download or read book The Biology of Exercise written by Michael J. Joyner and published by Perspectives Cshl. This book was released on 2017 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Response to Exercise written by Gerald F. Fletcher and published by Wiley-Blackwell. This book was released on 1994 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this popular and successful text has been fully revised and updated to take account of recent advances in the field, particularly in the physiology and pathophysiology of many disease processes. The text retains the original format of relevant physiology, test selection and test interpretation by case example. Essential aspects of paediatric chemical pathology, inborn errors of metabolism, reproductive endocrinology, tumours and toxicology are now included. As chemical pathology is receiving specific attention in medical courses, this text has been adapted to present this information in an understandable form, making it suitable for medical undergraduates and for medical and science postgraduates studying for exams of Colleges of Pathology and professional associations."

Download or read book Autonomic Failure written by C. J. Mathias and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This fourth edition of Autonomic Failure (now available in paperback) covers the many recent advances made in our understanding of the autonomic nervous system. There are 20 new chapters and extensive revisions of all other contributions. Autonomic failure, fourth edition makes diagnosis increasingly precise by fully evaluating the underlying anatomical and functional deficits, thereby allowing more effective treatment. This new edition continues to provide practitioners from a variety of fields, including neurology, cardiology, geriatric medicine, diabetology, and internal medicine, with a rational guide to aid in the recognition and management of autonomic disorders. The book starts with an updated classification of autonomic disorders and a history of the autonomic nervous system. The first two sections of the book deal with the fundamental aspects of autonomic structure, function, and integration. There are new chapters dealing with neurobiology, nerve growth factors, genetic mutations, neural and hormonal control of the cerebral circulation, innervation of the lung, and pathophysiological mechanisms causing nausea and vomiting. Advances in the clinical management of autonomic disorders are critically dependent on the bridge made between the basic and applied sciences.

Download or read book Skeletal Muscle Circulation written by Ronald J. Korthuis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2011 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this treatise is to summarize the current understanding of the mechanisms for blood flow control to skeletal muscle under resting conditions, how perfusion is elevated (exercise hyperemia) to meet the increased demand for oxygen and other substrates during exercise, mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of regular physical activity on cardiovascular health, the regulation of transcapillary fluid filtration and protein flux across the microvascular exchange vessels, and the role of changes in the skeletal muscle circulation in pathologic states. Skeletal muscle is unique among organs in that its blood flow can change over a remarkably large range. Compared to blood flow at rest, muscle blood flow can increase by more than 20-fold on average during intense exercise, while perfusion of certain individual white muscles or portions of those muscles can increase by as much as 80-fold. This is compared to maximal increases of 4- to 6-fold in the coronary circulation during exercise. These increases in muscle perfusion are required to meet the enormous demands for oxygen and nutrients by the active muscles. Because of its large mass and the fact that skeletal muscles receive 25% of the cardiac output at rest, sympathetically mediated vasoconstriction in vessels supplying this tissue allows central hemodynamic variables (e.g., blood pressure) to be spared during stresses such as hypovolemic shock. Sympathetic vasoconstriction in skeletal muscle in such pathologic conditions also effectively shunts blood flow away from muscles to tissues that are more sensitive to reductions in their blood supply that might otherwise occur. Again, because of its large mass and percentage of cardiac output directed to skeletal muscle, alterations in blood vessel structure and function with chronic disease (e.g., hypertension) contribute significantly to the pathology of such disorders. Alterations in skeletal muscle vascular resistance and/or in the exchange properties of this vascular bed also modify transcapillary fluid filtration and solute movement across the microvascular barrier to influence muscle function and contribute to disease pathology. Finally, it is clear that exercise training induces an adaptive transformation to a protected phenotype in the vasculature supplying skeletal muscle and other tissues to promote overall cardiovascular health. Table of Contents: Introduction / Anatomy of Skeletal Muscle and Its Vascular Supply / Regulation of Vascular Tone in Skeletal Muscle / Exercise Hyperemia and Regulation of Tissue Oxygenation During Muscular Activity / Microvascular Fluid and Solute Exchange in Skeletal Muscle / Skeletal Muscle Circulation in Aging and Disease States: Protective Effects of Exercise / References

Download or read book Respiratory Muscle Training written by Alison McConnell and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 403 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is the world's first book to provide an "everything-you-need-to-know" guide to respiratory muscle training (RMT). Authored by an internationally-acclaimed expert, it is an evidence-based resource, built upon current scientific knowledge, as well as experience at the cutting-edge of respiratory training in a wide range of settings. The aim of the book is to give readers: 1) an introduction to respiratory physiology and exercise physiology, as well as training theory; 2) an understanding of how disease affects the respiratory muscles and the mechanics of breathing; 3) an insight into the disease-specific, evidence-based benefits of RMT; 4) advice on the application of RMT as a standalone treatment, and as part of a rehabilitation programme; and finally, 5) guidance on the application of functional training techniques to RMT. The book is divided into two parts – theory and practice. Part I provides readers with access to the theoretical building blocks that support practice. It explores the evidence base for RMT as well as the different methods of training respiratory muscles and their respective efficacy. Part II guides the reader through the practical implementation of the most widely validated form of RMT, namely inspiratory muscle resistance training. Finally, over 150 "Functional" RMT exercises are described, which incorporate a stability and/or postural challenge – and address specific movements that provoke dyspnoea. Respiratory Muscle Training: theory and practice is supported by a dedicated website (www.physiobreathe.com), which provides access to the latest information on RMT, as well as video clips of all exercises described in the book. Purchasers will also receive a three-month free trial of the Physiotec software platform (via www.physiotec.ca), which allows clinicians to create bespoke training programmes (including video clips) that can be printed or emailed to patients. - Introductory overviews of respiratory and exercise physiology, as well as training theory - Comprehensive, up-to-date review of respiratory muscle function, breathing mechanics and RMT - Analysis of the interaction between disease and respiratory mechanics, as well as their independent and combined influence upon exercise tolerance - Analysis of the rationale and application of RMT to over 20 clinical conditions, e.g., COPD, heart failure, obesity, mechanical ventilation - Evidence-based guidance on the implementation of inspiratory muscle resistance training - Over 150 functional exercises that incorporate a breathing challenge - www.physiobreathe.com - access up-to-date information, video clips of exercises and a three-month free trial of Physiotec's RMT exercise module (via www.physiotec.ca)

Download or read book Reflex Control of the Circulation written by Irving H. Zucker and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-02-03 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reflex Control of the Circulation presents an interdisciplinary discussion of concepts in the reflex control of circulation. This volume describes aspects of autonomic receptor physiology, central pathways of reflex control, the electrophysiology of cardiovascular afferents, the interaction between reflexes, the autonomic control of regional blood flows, the autonomic control of fluid and electrolyte balance, and neurohumoral control of the circulation through normal and pathological states (e.g., hypertension, congestive heart failure). In addition, the regulation of regional blood flow during exercise and developmental aspects of reflex control are examined. Any researcher interested in the autonomic system and its role in circulation will find this book fascinating reading.

Download or read book Cardiovascular Regulation written by David Jordan and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1995 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Studies in Physiology series provides a concise introduction to developments in complex areas of physiology for a wide audience. Published on behalf of the Physiology Society, Cardiovascular Regulation provides an up-to-date account of our current understanding of the control of the cardiovascular system that is not covered by existing textbooks. Both students and lecturers of cardiovascular and exercise physiology, medicine, dentistry and biomedical sciences will find this book informative and easy to read. Each chapter has numerous summary boxes. 'Essential reading' suggestions provide additional reading for undergraduates and the suggestions for 'Further reading' cover the subject to postgraduate level.

Download or read book The Polyvagal Theory Neurophysiological Foundations of Emotions Attachment Communication and Self regulation Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology written by Stephen W. Porges and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-04-25 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A collection of groundbreaking research by a leading figure in neuroscience. This book compiles, for the first time, Stephen W. Porges’s decades of research. A leading expert in developmental psychophysiology and developmental behavioral neuroscience, Porges is the mind behind the groundbreaking Polyvagal Theory, which has startling implications for the treatment of anxiety, depression, trauma, and autism. Adopted by clinicians around the world, the Polyvagal Theory has provided exciting new insights into the way our autonomic nervous system unconsciously mediates social engagement, trust, and intimacy.

Download or read book Translational Pain Research written by Lawrence Kruger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2009-11-24 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the Most Rapidly Advancing Fields in Modern Neuroscience The success of molecular biology and the new tools derived from molecular genetics have revolutionized pain research and its translation to therapeutic effectiveness. Bringing together recent advances in modern neuroscience regarding genetic studies in mice and humans and the practical

Download or read book Braunwald s Heart Disease E Book written by Douglas L. Mann and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2014-07-30 with total page 2376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ideal for cardiologists who need to keep abreast of rapidly changing scientific foundations, clinical research results, and evidence-based medicine, Braunwald’s Heart Disease is your indispensable source for definitive, state-of-the-art answers on every aspect of contemporary cardiology, helping you apply the most recent knowledge in personalized medicine, imaging techniques, pharmacology, interventional cardiology, electrophysiology, and much more! Practice with confidence and overcome your toughest challenges with advice from the top minds in cardiology today, who synthesize the entire state of current knowledge and summarize all of the most recent ACC/AHA practice guidelines. Locate the answers you need fast thanks to a user-friendly, full-color design with more than 1,200 color illustrations. Learn from leading international experts, including 53 new authors. Explore brand-new chapters, such as Principles of Cardiovascular Genetics and Biomarkers, Proteomics, Metabolomics, and Personalized Medicine. Access new and updated guidelines covering Diseases of the Aorta, Peripheral Artery Diseases, Diabetes and the Cardiovascular System, Heart Failure, and Valvular Heart Disease. Stay abreast of the latest diagnostic and imaging techniques and modalities, such as three-dimensional echocardiography, speckle tracking, tissue Doppler, computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Consult this title on your favorite e-reader, conduct rapid searches, and adjust font sizes for optimal readability.

Download or read book Post Exercise Recovery Fundamental and Interventional Physiology written by Sergej M. Ostojic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-05-25 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physiological responses after maximal and submaximal exercise are routinely monitored in a plethora of diseases (e.g. cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, asthma, neuromuscular disorders), and normal populations (e.g. athletes, youth, elderly), while slower or irregular post-exercise recovery usually indicates poor health and/or low fitness level. Abnormal post-exercise recovery (as assessed via blunted post-exercise heart rate dynamics) helps to predict the presence and severity of coronary artery disease, while differences in recovery outcomes in athletes might discriminate between fit and unfit individuals. Disturbances in post-exercise recovery might be due to acute or persistent changes in: (1) adaptive responses mediated by the autonomic nervous system and vasodilator substances, (2) cellular bioenergetics, and/or (3) muscular plasticity. Preliminary evidence suggests possible role of time-dependent modulation of nitric oxide synthase and adenosine receptors during post-exercise recovery, yet no molecular attributes of post-exercise recovery are revealed so far. Currently several markers of post-exercise recovery are used (e.g. heart rate measures, hormone profiles, biochemical and hematological indices); however none of them meets all criteria to make its use generally accepted as the gold standard. In addition, recent studies suggest that different pharmacological agents and dietary interventions, or manipulative actions (e.g. massage, cold-water immersion, compression garments, athletic training) administered before, during or immediately after exercise could positively affect post-exercise recovery. There is a growing interest to provide more evidence-based data concerning the effectiveness and safety of traditional and novel interventions to affect post-exercise recovery. The goals of this research topic are to critically evaluate the current advances on mechanisms and clinical implications of post-exercise recovery, and to summarize recent experimental data from interventional studies. This knowledge may help to identify the hierarchy of key mechanisms, and recognize methods to monitor and improve post-exercise recovery in both health and disease.

Download or read book A Textbook of Neuroanatomy written by Maria A. Patestas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-17 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Newly revised and updated, A Textbook of Neuroanatomy, Second Edition is a concise text designed to help students easily master the anatomy and basic physiology of the nervous system. Accessible and clear, the book highlights interrelationships between systems, structures, and the rest of the body as the chapters move through the various regions of the brain. Building on the solid foundation of the first edition, A Textbook of Neuroanatomy now includes two new chapters on the brainstem and reflexes, as well as dozens of new micrographs illustrating key structures. Throughout the book the clinical relevance of the material is emphasized through clinical cases, questions, and follow-up discussions in each chapter, motivating students to learn the information. A companion website is also available, featuring study aids and artwork from the book as PowerPoint slides. A Textbook of Neuroanatomy, Second Edition is an invaluable resource for students of general, clinical and behavioral neuroscience and neuroanatomy.

Download or read book Ross Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness written by Anne Waugh and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new edition of the hugely successful Ross and Wilson Anatomy & Physiology in Health and Illness continues to bring its readers the core essentials of human biology presented in a clear and straightforward manner. Fully updated throughout, the book now comes with enhanced learning features including helpful revision questions and an all new art programme to help make learning even easier. The 13th edition retains its popular website, which contains a wide range of 'critical thinking' exercises as well as new animations, an audio-glossary, the unique Body Spectrum© online colouring and self-test program, and helpful weblinks. Ross and Wilson Anatomy & Physiology in Health and Illness will be of particular help to readers new to the subject area, those returning to study after a period of absence, and for anyone whose first language isn't English. - Latest edition of the world's most popular textbook on basic human anatomy and physiology with over 1.5 million copies sold worldwide - Clear, no nonsense writing style helps make learning easy - Accompanying website contains animations, audio-glossary, case studies and other self-assessment material, the unique Body Spectrum© online colouring and self-test software, and helpful weblinks - Includes basic pathology and pathophysiology of important diseases and disorders - Contains helpful learning features such as Learning Outcomes boxes, colour coding and design icons together with a stunning illustration and photography collection - Contains clear explanations of common prefixes, suffixes and roots, with helpful examples from the text, plus a glossary and an appendix of normal biological values. - Particularly valuable for students who are completely new to the subject, or returning to study after a period of absence, and for anyone whose first language is not English - All new illustration programme brings the book right up-to-date for today's student - Helpful 'Spot Check' questions at the end of each topic to monitor progress - Fully updated throughout with the latest information on common and/or life threatening diseases and disorders - Review and Revise end-of-chapter exercises assist with reader understanding and recall - Over 120 animations – many of them newly created – help clarify underlying scientific and physiological principles and make learning fun

Download or read book Pulmonary Gas Exchange written by G. Kim Prisk and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2013-08-01 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The lung receives the entire cardiac output from the right heart and must load oxygen onto and unload carbon dioxide from perfusing blood in the correct amounts to meet the metabolic needs of the body. It does so through the process of passive diffusion. Effective diffusion is accomplished by intricate parallel structures of airways and blood vessels designed to bring ventilation and perfusion together in an appropriate ratio in the same place and at the same time. Gas exchange is determined by the ventilation-perfusion ratio in each of the gas exchange units of the lung. In the normal lung ventilation and perfusion are well matched, and the ventilation-perfusion ratio is remarkably uniform among lung units, such that the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood leaving the pulmonary capillaries is less than 10 Torr lower than that in the alveolar space. In disease, the disruption to ventilation-perfusion matching and to diffusional transport may result in inefficient gas exchange and arterial hypoxemia. This volume covers the basics of pulmonary gas exchange, providing a central understanding of the processes involved, the interactions between the components upon which gas exchange depends, and basic equations of the process.

Download or read book High Intensity Exercise in Hypoxia Beneficial Aspects and Potential Drawbacks written by Olivier Girard and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 169 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.