Download or read book Autoignition Chemistry of the Hexane Isomers written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoignition of the five distinct isomers of hexane is studied experimentally under motored engine conditions and computationally using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. Computed and experimental results are compared and used to help understand the chemical factors leading to engine knock in spark-ignited engines and the molecular structure factors contributing to octane rating for hydrocarbon fuels. The kinetic model reproduces observed variations in critical compression ratio with fuel structure, and it also provides intermediate and final product species concentrations in very dose agreement with observed results. In addition, the computed results provide insights into the kinetic origins of fuel octane sensitive.
Download or read book Autoignition Chemistry in a Motored Engine written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autoignition of isomers of pentane, hexane, and primary reference fuel mixture of n-heptane and iso-octane has been studied experimentally under motored engine conditions and computationally using a detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanism. Computed and experimental results are compared and used to help understand the chemical factors leading to engine knock in spark-ignited engines. The kinetic model reproduces observed variations in critical compression ratio with fuel molecular size and structure, provides intermediate product species concentrations in good agreement with observations, and gives insights into the kinetic origins of fuel octane sensitivity. Sequential computed engine cycles were found to lead to stable, non-igniting behavior for conditions below a critical compression ratio; to unstable, oscillating but nonigniting behavior in a transition region; and eventually to ignition as the compression ratio is steadily increased. This transition is related to conditions where a negative temperature coefficient of reaction exists, which has a significant influence on octane number and fuel octane sensitivity.
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Reaction Mechanisms for Autoignition of Isomers of Heptane Under Rapid Compression written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Detailed chemical kinetic reaction mechanisms are developed for combustion of all nine isomers of heptane (C--H16), and these mechanisms are tested by simulating autoignition of each isomer under rapid compression machine conditions. The reaction mechanisms focus on the manner in which the molecular structure of each isomer determines the rates and product distributions of possible classes of reactions. The reaction pathways emphasize the importance of alkylperoxy radical isomerizations and addition reactions of molecular oxygen to alkyl and hydroperoxyalkyl radicals. A new reaction group has been added to past models, in which hydroperoxyalkyl radicals that originated with abstraction of an H atom from a tertiary site in the parent heptane molecule are assigned new reaction sequences involving additional internal H atom abstractions not previously allowed. This process accelerates autoignition in fuels with tertiary C-H bonds in the parent fuel. In addition, the rates of hydroperoxyalkylperoxy radical isomerization reactions have all been reduced so that they are now equal to rates of analogous alkylperoxy radical isomerizations, significantly improving agreement between computed and experimental ignition delay times in the rapid compression machine. Computed ignition delay times agree well with experimental results in the few cases where experiments have been carried out for specific heptane isomers, and predictive model calculations are reported for the remaining isomers. The computed results fall into three general groups; the first consists of the most reactive isomers, including n-heptane, 2-methyl hexane and 3-methyl hexane. The second group consists of the least reactive isomers, including 2,2-dimethyl pentane, 3,3-dimethyl pentane, 2,3-dimethyl pentane, 2,4-dimethyl pentane and 2,2,3-trimethyl butane. The remaining isomer, 3-ethyl pentane, was observed computationally to have an intermediate level of reactivity. These observations are generally consistent with knocking tendencies of these isomers, as measured by octane ratings, although the correlations are only approximate.
Download or read book Low temperature Combustion and Autoignition written by M.J. Pilling and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-11-27 with total page 823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion has played a central role in the development of our civilization which it maintains today as its predominant source of energy. The aim of this book is to provide an understanding of both fundamental and applied aspects of low-temperature combustion chemistry and autoignition. The topic is rooted in classical observational science and has grown, through an increasing understanding of the linkage of the phenomenology to coupled chemical reactions, to quite profound advances in the chemical kinetics of both complex and elementary reactions. The driving force has been both the intrinsic interest of an old and intriguing phenomenon and the centrality of its applications to our economic prosperity. The volume provides a coherent view of the subject while, at the same time, each chapter is self-contained.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering written by and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 3888 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Erstmals eine umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis und Grundlage für weiterführende Studien und Forschung im Bereich der Automobiltechnik. Die Encyclopedia of Automotive Engineering ist die erste umfassende und einheitliche Wissensbasis dieses Fachgebiets und legt den Grundstein für weitere Studien und tiefgreifende Forschung. Weitreichende Querverweise und Suchfunktionen ermöglichen erstmals den zentralen Zugriff auf Detailinformationen zu bewährten Branchenstandards und -verfahren. Zusammenhängende Konzepte und Techniken aus Spezialbereichen lassen sich so einfacher verstehen. Neben traditionellen Themen des Fachgebiets beschäftigt sich diese Enzyklopädie auch mit "grünen" Technologien, dem Übergang von der Mechanik zur Elektronik und den Möglichkeiten zur Herstellung sicherer, effizienterer Fahrzeuge unter weltweit unterschiedlichen wirtschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen. Das Referenzwerk behandelt neun Hauptbereiche: (1) Motoren: Grundlagen; (2) Motoren: Design; (3) Hybrid- und Elektroantriebe; (4) Getriebe- und Antriebssysteme; (5) Chassis-Systeme; (6) Elektrische und elektronische Systeme; (7) Karosserie-Design; (8) Materialien und Fertigung; (9) Telematik. - Zuverlässige Darstellung einer Vielzahl von Spezialthemen aus dem Bereich der Automobiltechnik. - Zugängliches Nachschlagewerk für Jungingenieure und Studenten, die die technologischen Grundlagen besser verstehen und ihre Kenntnisse erweitern möchten. - Wertvolle Verweise auf Detailinformationen und Forschungsergebnisse aus der technischen Literatur. - Entwickelt in Zusammenarbeit mit der FISITA, der Dachorganisation nationaler Automobil-Ingenieur-Verbände aus 37 Ländern und Vertretung von über 185.000 Ingenieuren aus der Branche. - Erhältlich als stets aktuelle Online-Ressource mit umfassenden Suchfunktionen oder als Print-Ausgabe in sechs Bänden mit über 4.000 Seiten. Ein wichtiges Nachschlagewerk für Bibliotheken und Informationszentren in der Industrie, bei Forschungs- und Schulungseinrichtungen, Fachgesellschaften, Regierungsbehörden und allen Ingenieurstudiengängen. Richtet sich an Fachingenieure und Techniker aus der Industrie, Studenten höherer Semester und Studienabsolventen, Forscher, Dozenten und Ausbilder, Branchenanalysen und Forscher.
Download or read book Combustion in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines written by Daniel Lee Flowers and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book IGNITION STUDIES PART V STUDY OF THE PROCESSES OCCURRING DURING THE SPONTANEOUS IGNITION OF THE HEXANE ISOMERS written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of the 1998 Fall Technical Conference of the ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Internal Combustion Engine Division. Technical Conference and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book SI Engine Modeling written by Society of Automotive Engineers and published by SAE International. This book was released on 1999 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Numerical and Experimental Studies of Ethanol Flames and Autoignition Theory for Higher Alkanes written by Priyank Saxena and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This research includes numerical, experimental and analytical studies. The first part of the dissertation consists of numerical and experimental studies of ethanol flames. Although ethanol has gained popularity as a possible low-pollution source of renewable energy, significant uncertainties remain in its combustion chemistry.
Download or read book A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances written by Pradyot Patnaik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-05-25 with total page 1086 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive guide to the hazardous properties of chemical compounds Correlating chemical structure with toxicity to humans and the environment, and the chemical structure of compounds to their hazardous properties, A Comprehensive Guide to the Hazardous Properties of Chemical Substances, Third Edition allows users to assess the toxicity of a substance even when no experimental data exists. Thus, it bridges the gap between hazardous materials and chemistry. Extensively updated and expanded, this reference: Examines organics, metals and inorganics, industrial solvents, common gases, particulates, explosives, and radioactive substances, covering everything from toxicity and carcinogenicity to flammability and explosive reactivity to handling and disposal practices Arranges hazardous chemical substances according to their chemical structures and functional groups for easy reference Includes updated information on the toxic, flammable, and explosive properties of chemical substances Covers additional metals in the chapters on toxic and reactive metals Updates the threshold exposure limits in the workplace air for a number of substances Features the latest information on industrial solvents and toxic and flammable gases Includes numerous tables, formulas, and a glossary for quick reference Because it provides information that enables those with a chemistry background to perform assessments without prior data, this comprehensive reference appeals to chemists, chemical engineers, toxicologists, and forensic scientists, as well as industrial hygienists, occupational physicians, Hazmat professionals, and others in related fields.
Download or read book Proceedings of the ASME Advanced Energy Systems Division written by American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Advanced Energy Systems Division and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book HazMat Data written by Richard P. Pohanish and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 1311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The HazMat Data, 2nd Edition provides a detailed reference for emergency responders and people who transport chemicals. Considering the events of September 11, the book is especially oriented toward first responder and emergency management personnel. Additions to this new Second Edition include Spanish language synonyms for all entries, and an increased overall number of synonyms. New to this edition is information on chemical warfare (CW) agents and Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD)-nerve gasses, blister agents/vesicants, "blood agents," choking/pulmonary agents, and crowd-control agents (tear gasses, pepper sprays, etc.)-that might be used as weapons of terrorism. It clearly explains symptoms of exposure and appropriate treatment for the exposure when available, and describes what to do in an emergency situation. The book also gives the NFPA hazard classifications, as well as chemical hazard class information. Newly updated, The HazMat Data, 2nd Editio provides a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of this vital information.
Download or read book Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities written by Richard P. Pohanish and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This book should be a required reference on the laboratory'ssafety shelf as no where else is so much useful informationavailable in a single volume." ?Inside Laboratory Management, on the Second Edition "...a portable reference on reactive substances to guide allpersonnel...in charge of the handling, storage, and transportationof chemical materials." ?Journal of the American Chemical Society, on the SecondEdition The authoritative resource on dangerous chemical interactionsnow enlarged, revised, and even more useful. The term "incompatibilities" describes a wide range of chemicalreactions that produce undesirable results in noncontrolledsituations: the generation of toxic gases, fire, explosions,corrosive activity, polymerization, ruptured containers, creationof more dangerous compounds, and the like. A portable andeasy-to-use reference on reactive substances commonly found incommerce, the Wiley Guide to Chemical Incompatibilities, ThirdEdition compiles hard-to-find data on over 11,000 chemicalcompounds, providing chemists, technicians, and engineers athorough, lightning-quick resource to use during experimentalpreparation and in the event of an emergency. More than a revision of the previous edition, this ThirdEdition has been rewritten and expanded to broaden coverage andimprove its usefulness. It contains nearly 9,000 chemicalincompatibility profiles and nearly 250 new entries, coveringflammability, violent and explosive binary reactions,incompatibilities, and reactions that may result from physicalchange. Alphabetical organization provides concise incompatibilityprofiles for thousands of commonly used commercial chemicals,allowing readers to look up a given substance and instantly learnwhether it is incompatible with common materials, other chemicalsubstances, structural materials, or personal protectiveequipment. New for the Third Edition: Chemicals that have the potential to cause disasters Chemical formulas and autoignition temperatures More flash points, as well as molecular formulas, lower andupper explosive limits, autoignition temperatures, andNFPA®-type (Red) numerical fire codes Safety reminders All entries keyed by CAS numbers to eliminate possibleconfusion among synonyms Spanish-, French-, and German-language entries forinternational use Revised glossary helps users who may not be chemists withgeneral chemical terms With thousands of new entries and easy-to-use organization, theThird Edition of the Wiley Guide to ChemicalIncompatibilities remains a handy resource for all safety,first-response, and plant management professionals responsible forthe handling, storage, and conveyance of chemical materials.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 1028 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Semiannual, with semiannual and annual indexes. References to all scientific and technical literature coming from DOE, its laboratories, energy centers, and contractors. Includes all works deriving from DOE, other related government-sponsored information, and foreign nonnuclear information. Arranged under 39 categories, e.g., Biomedical sciences, basic studies; Biomedical sciences, applied studies; Health and safety; and Fusion energy. Entry gives bibliographical information and abstract. Corporate, author, subject, report number indexes.
Download or read book Revise AS Chemistry for Salters OCR written by Ann Daniels and published by Heinemann. This book was released on 2005-02-22 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Help students pull together the chemical ides in the course and apply them to fresh contexts in exam questions.
Download or read book Annual Index abstracts of SAE Technical Papers written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
