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Book Attachement anxieux et   vitant chez les adolescents

Download or read book Attachement anxieux et vitant chez les adolescents written by Isaiah Air and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-05-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Êtes-vous préoccupé par le bien-être des adolescents qui vous entourent? Découvrez les clés pour les comprendre et les soutenir dans leurs luttes d'attachement grâce à ce guide perspicace. Dans L'attachement anxieux et évitant chez les adolescents, vous découvrirez des informations précieuses sur le monde complexe de l'attachement chez les adolescents. De la reconnaissance des signes d'anxiété et d'évitement à la compréhension des causes sous-jacentes, ce livre donne un aperçu complet de la théorie de l'attachement et de son impact sur le bien-être mental des adolescents. Apprenez des stratégies pratiques pour soutenir les adolescents dans leur cheminement vers un rétablissement durable et des relations plus saines. Avec les conseils d'experts, vous découvrirez comment favoriser des attachements sécurisants, améliorer la communication et promouvoir la résilience émotionnelle chez les adolescents qui vous sont chers. Que vous soyez parent, soignant, éducateur ou professionnel de la santé mentale, ce livre propose des outils et des ressources essentiels pour aider les adolescents à s'épanouir. Ne laissez pas les difficultés d'attachement passer inaperçues: donnez-vous les connaissances et le soutien nécessaires pour faire une différence positive dans la vie des adolescents que vous aimez.

Book L attachement    l adolescence  des concepts th  oriques    l approche clinique

Download or read book L attachement l adolescence des concepts th oriques l approche clinique written by Virginie Bardot and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: La théorie de l'attachement souligne l'intérêt des liens enfant-caregiver pour son développement cognitif, affectif, comportemental et relationnel. L'attachement est un système comportemental cherchant à maintenir la proximité du caregiver dans un but de sécurité. Il a un rôle central à l'adolescence. Le remaniement des liens et les comportements d'exploration nécessaires à l'acquisition de l'autonomie sont favorisés par l'existence d'un attachement sécure. L'équilibre entre les systèmes d'attachement et d'exploration permet de construire un modèle global d'attachement intégrant les modèles internes opérants concernant le rapport à soi, aux autres et au monde. L'attachement insécure peut entraîner un déséquilibre fragilisant le processus adolescent. Sa part dans l'émergence des troubles psychiatriques à l'adolescence a été largement démontrée, sans lien de causalité linéaire direct. Les études montrent une prévalence des troubles internalisés dans l'attachement insécure anxieux-ambivalent et des troubles externalisés chez l'adolesent évitant. L'attachement désorganisé représente un facteur de vulnérabilité. L'évaluation du type d'attachement permet une meilleure compréhension du fonctionnement de l'adolescent améliorant l'alliance thérapeutique. Elle donne des précisions sur les enjeux relationnels intrafamiliaux et guide les stratégies thérapeutiques. La théorie de l'attachement et le modèle biopsychosocial qui en découle apporte donc de nouveaux axes de compréhension de l'étiopathogénie et de la psychopathologie des troubles à l'adolescence et offre des perspectives thérapeutiques basées sur les interactions de l'adolescent à un niveau interpersonnel.

Book Attachement parental  sexualit      l adolescence et estime de soi

Download or read book Attachement parental sexualit l adolescence et estime de soi written by Catherine Potard and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'adolescence est une période de développement au cours de laquelle les individus expérimentent les premières activités sexuelles, investissent de nouveaux objets tout en s'éloignant de leurs parents. Ce profond remaniement peut conduire les adolescents à une prise de risque accrue, y compris dans la sexualité, et à une chute de l'estime de soi. Ce travail propose d'étudier les relations entre le style d'attachement (secure, insecure ambivalent et insecure évitant) à la mère et au père à l'adolescence et le type de sexualité engagée (sentimentalisée, corporalisée, évitée ou encore à risque). L'estime est considérée dans cette étude comme une variable intermédiaire dans les interactions entre l'attachement perçu aux parents et la sexualité des adolescents. Pour tenir compte des évolutions pubertaires et cognitives durant l'adolescence, la prime adolescence et la late adolescence sont étudiées séparément. Les sept études à la prime adolescence et à la late adolescence composant ce travail rendent compte que les différents styles d'attachement des adolescents à leur parent influence les modalités d'entrée dans la sexualité des adolescents avec la réactivation des angoisses d'abandon et d'intrusion avec une sexualité plus précoce, plus chaotique et désaffectivée pour les adolescents ayant un attachement insecure ambivalent ou évitant. La figure parentale semble jouer un role spécifique dans la sexualité des adolescentes.

Book Comment corriger le style d attachement anxieux et   vitant

Download or read book Comment corriger le style d attachement anxieux et vitant written by Dumchi Niobe and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Êtes-vous fatigué de vous sentir piégé dans un cycle d'anxiété et d'évitement dans vos relations ? Avez-vous envie de connexions plus profondes et de liens émotionnels plus sains ? Découvrez le pouvoir transformateur de la compréhension et de la guérison de votre style d'attachement avec ce livre. Ce livre révolutionnaire plonge au coeur de la théorie de l'attachement, offrant des idées et des stratégies pratiques pour vous aider à vous libérer des schémas qui vous retiennent. Que vous soyez aux prises avec un attachement anxieux, un attachement évitant ou que vous cherchiez à soutenir quelqu'un qui en souffre, ce guide complet fournit les outils dont vous avez besoin pour favoriser des relations sûres et épanouissantes. Liste des chapitres Partie 1: Comprendre l'attachement anxieux Chapitre 1: Qu'est-ce que l'attachement anxieux ? Définition et explication Signes et symptômes courants Comment l'attachement anxieux affecte les relations Chapitre 2: Les racines de l'attachement anxieux Expériences de l'enfance et facteurs de développement Facteurs neurobiologiques Ocytocine et attachement Chapitre 3: L'impact sur la santé mentale Anxiété, dépression et stress Difficulté avec la régulation émotionnelle Doute de soi et faible estime de soi Impact sur le bien-être général Partie 2: Comprendre l'attachement évitantant Chapitre 4: Qu'est-ce que l'attachement évitant ? Définition et explication Signes et symptômes courants Comment l'attachement évitant affecte les relations Chapitre 5: Les racines de l'attachement évitant Expériences de l'enfance et facteurs de développement Facteurs neurobiologiques Chapitre 6: L'impact sur la santé mentale Difficulté avec l'intimité émotionnelle Augmentation du stress et de l'anxiété Sentiments de solitude et d'isolement Impact sur le bien-être général Partie 3: Stratégies de changement Chapitre 7: Reconnaître et remettre en question les schémas négatifs Identifier les comportements anxieux et évitants Techniques cognitivo-comportementales pour le changement Intégration et pratique Chapitre 8: Développer la conscience de soi et la régulation émotionnelle Pleine conscience et réflexion personnelle Avantages de la conscience de soi et de la régulation émotionnelle Chapitre 9: Développer des compétences saines en matière de communication et d'intimité Écoute active Assurance Bâtir la confiance et la vulnérabilité Partie 4: Surmonter l'attachement anxieux et évitant Chapitre 10: Études de cas et exemples concrets Histoires et expériences personnelles Leçons apprises et perspectives thérapeutiques Chapitre 11: Entretien et prévention des rechutes Stratégies pour un succès à long terme Faire face aux revers et aux défis Intégrer des stratégies dans la vie quotidienne Prévenir les rechutes Chapitre 12: Conclusion et prochaines étapes Faites le premier pas vers une vie plus heureuse, plus saine et plus connectée. Plongez dans les pages de ce livre et embarquez pour un voyage de découverte de soi, de guérison et de croissance. Vos relations sécurisées et votre santé mentale améliorée sont à votre portée: obtenez votre exemplaire maintenant et commencez votre voyage vers un avenir meilleur et plus connecté !

Book Your Mindful Compass

    Book Details:
  • Author : Andrea Maloney Schara
  • Publisher :
  • Release : 2013-12-01
  • ISBN : 9780615928791
  • Pages : 318 pages

Download or read book Your Mindful Compass written by Andrea Maloney Schara and published by . This book was released on 2013-12-01 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Your Mindful Compass" takes us behind the emotional curtain to see the mechanisms regulating individuals in social systems. There is great comfort and wisdom in knowing we can increase our awareness to manage the swift and ancient mechanisms of social control. We can gain greater flexibility by seeing how social controls work in systems from ants to humans. To be less controlled by others, we learn how emotional systems influence our relationship-oriented brain. People want to know what goes on in families that give rise to amazing leaders and/or terrorists. For the first time in history we can understand the systems in which we live. The social sciences have been accumulating knowledge since the early fifties as to how we are regulated by others. S. Milgram, S. Ashe, P. Zimbardo and J. Calhoun, detail the vulnerability to being duped and deceived and the difficulty of cooperating when values differ. Murray Bowen, M.D., the first researcher to observe several live-in families, for up to three years, at the National Institute of Mental Health. Describing how family members overly influence one another and distribute stress unevenly, Bowen described both how symptoms and family leaders emerge in highly stressed families. Our brain is not organized to automatically perceive that each family has an emotional system, fine-tuned by evolution and "valuing" its survival as a whole, as much as the survival of any individual. It is easier to see this emotional system function in ants or mice but not in humans. The emotional system is organized to snooker us humans: encouraging us to take sides, run away from others, to pressure others, to get sick, to blame others, and to have great difficulty in seeing our part in problems. It is hard to see that we become anxious, stressed out and even that we are difficult to deal with. But "thinking systems" can open the doors of perception, allowing us to experience the world in a different way. This book offers both coaching ideas and stories from leaders as to strategies to break out from social control by de-triangling, using paradoxes, reversals and other types of interruptions of highly linked emotional processes. Time is needed to think clearly about the automatic nature of the two against one triangle. Time and experience is required as we learn strategies to put two people together and get self outside the control of the system. In addition, it takes time to clarify and define one's principles, to know what "I" will or will not do and to be able to take a stand with others with whom we are very involved. The good news is that systems' thinking is possible for anyone. It is always possible for an individual to understand feelings and to integrate them with their more rational brains. In so doing, an individual increases his or her ability to communicate despite misunderstandings or even rejection from important others. The effort involved in creating your Mindful Compass enables us to perceive the relationship system without experiencing it's threats. The four points on the Mindful Compass are: 1) Action for Self, 2) Resistance to Forward Progress, 3) Knowledge of Social Systems and the 4) The Ability to Stand Alone. Each gives us a view of the process one enters when making an effort to define a self and build an emotional backbone. It is not easy to find our way through the social jungle. The ability to know emotional systems well enough to take a position for self and to become more differentiated is part of the natural way humans cope with pressure. Now people can use available knowledge to build an emotional backbone, by thoughtfully altering their part in the relationship system. No one knows how far one can go by making an effort to be more of a self-defined individual in relationships to others. Through increasing emotional maturity, we can find greater individual freedom at the same time that we increase our ability to cooperate and to be close to others.

Book Child Psychotherapy and Research

Download or read book Child Psychotherapy and Research written by Nick Midgley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2009-05-07 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Child Psychotherapy and Research brings together some of the most exciting and innovative research activity taking place within psychoanalytic child psychotherapy today. Drawing on the expertise of an international range of contributors, this book describes work at the cutting edge of research in psychoanalytic child psychotherapy and related areas. It presents many of the emerging findings while also illustrating a whole range of methodologies – both quantitative and qualitative – that have been developed to investigate this field. The book examines the historical and philosophical background of child psychotherapy research and shows how research illuminates different clinical phenomena, the processes of psychotherapy, its evaluation and outcome. Recent developments in therapeutic work with children, including the increased focus on evidence-based practice, make research a much higher priority in the field than ever before. With this increasing significance, a whole new generation of clinicians are required to become familiar and competent with research methods and research literature. Child Psychotherapy and Research will be a vital resource for anyone involved in research and training related to psychotherapy and child mental health, as well as of great interest to a range of mental health professionals.

Book Dictionary of French and English  English and French

Download or read book Dictionary of French and English English and French written by John Bellows and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Attachment Disorganization

Download or read book Attachment Disorganization written by Judith Solomon and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-08-13 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1986, when disorganized attachment was first defined by Mary Main and Judith Solomon, a great deal of interest has been shown in this addition to the standard Ainsworth classification system. This groundbreaking volume brings together eminent researchers and clinicians to present current, original theory and data on the nature of disorganized attachment, its etiology, and its sequelae. Contributors report on the social, psychological, and biological contributions to disorganization. Longitudinal findings are presented on developmental outcomes in middle childhood; special populations are examined, including children with disabilities; and new assessment methodologies are described. Advancing our understanding of a significant subgroup of infants and children with attachment-related difficulties, the volume represents an important contribution to the empirical attachment literature.

Book Shri Sai Satcharita

Download or read book Shri Sai Satcharita written by Govind Raghunath Dabholkar and published by Sterling Publishers Pvt., Limited. This book was released on 1999 with total page 918 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Book Computers and Games for Mental Health and Well Being

Download or read book Computers and Games for Mental Health and Well Being written by Yasser Khazaal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-12 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen important developments in the computer and game industry, including the emergence of the concept of serious games. It is hypothesized that tools such as games, virtual reality, or applications for smartphones may foster learning, enhance motivation, promote behavioral change, support psychotherapy, favor empowerment, and improve some cognitive functions. Computers and games may create supports for training or help people with cognitive, emotional, or behavioral change. Games take various formats, from board games to informatics to games with interactive rules of play. Similarly, computer tools may vary widely in format, from self-help or assisted computerized training to virtual reality or applications for smartphones. Some tools that may be helpful for mental health were specifically designed for that goal, whereas others were not. Gamification of computer-related products and games with a numeric format tend to reduce the gap between games and computers tools and increase the conceptual synergy in such fields. Games and computer design share an opportunity for creativity and innovation to help create, specifically design, and assess preventive or therapeutic tools. Computers and games share a design conception that allows innovative approaches to overcome barriers of the real world by creating their own rules. Yet, despite the potential interest in such tools to improve treatment of mental disorders and to help prevent them, the field remains understudied and information is under-disseminated in clinical practice. Some studies have shown, however, that there is potential interest and acceptability of tools that support various vehicles, rationales, objectives, and formats. These tools include traditional games (e.g., chess games), popular electronic games, board games, computer-based interventions specifically designed for psychotherapy or cognitive training, virtual reality, apps for smartphones, and so forth. Computers and games may offer a true opportunity to develop, assess, and disseminate new prevention and treatment tools for mental health and well-being. Currently, there is a strong need for state-of-the-art information to answer questions such as the following: Why develop such tools for mental health and well-being? What are the potential additions to traditional treatments? What are the best strategies or formats to improve the possible impact of these tools? Are such tools useful as a first treatment step? What is the potential of a hybrid model of care that combines traditional approaches with games and/or computers as tools? What games and applications have already been designed and studied? What is the evidence from previous studies? How can such tools be successfully designed for mental health and well-being? What is rewarding or attractive for patients in using such treatments? What are the worldwide developments in the field? Are some protocols under development? What are the barriers and challenges related to such developments? How can these tools be assessed, and how can the way that they work, and for whom, be measured? Are the potential benefits of such products specific, or can these additions be attributed to nonspecific factors? What are the users’ views on such tools? What are the possible links between such tools and social networks? Is there a gap between evidence-based results and market development? Are there any quality challenges? What future developments and studies are needed in the field?

Book Minding the Child

    Book Details:
  • Author : Nick Midgley
  • Publisher : Routledge
  • Release : 2013-06-19
  • ISBN : 1136336400
  • Pages : 248 pages

Download or read book Minding the Child written by Nick Midgley and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-19 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is 'mentalization'? How can this concept be applied to clinical work with children, young people and families? What will help therapists working with children and families to 'keep the mind in mind'? Why does it matter if a parent can 'see themselves from the outside, and their child from the inside'? Minding the Child considers the implications of the concept of mentalization for a range of therapeutic interventions with children and families. Mentalization, and the empirical research which has supported it, now plays a significant role in a range of psychotherapies for adults. In this book we see how these rich ideas about the development of the self and interpersonal relatedness can help to foster the emotional well-being of children and young people in clinical practice and a range of other settings. With contributions from a range of international experts, the three main sections of the book explore: • the concept of mentalization from a theoretical and research perspective • the value of mentalization-based interventions within child mental health services • the application of mentalizing ideas to work in community settings. Minding the Child will be of particular interest to clinicians and those working therapeutically with children and families, but it will also be of interest to academics and students interested in child and adolescent mental health, developmental psychology and the study of social cognition.

Book Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood

Download or read book Attachment from Infancy to Adulthood written by Klaus E. Grossmann and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2006-06-23 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides unique and valuable firsthand accounts of the most important longitudinal studies of attachment. Presented are a range of research programs that have broadened our understanding of early close relationships and their role in individual adaptation throughout life. In addition to discussing the findings that emerged from each study, leading investigators offer rare reflections on the process of scientific discovery. Themes addressed include the complexities of designing studies that span years or even decades; challenges in translating theoretical constructs into age-appropriate assessments; how Bowlby's original models have been refined and expanded; and how attachment interacts with other key influences on development.

Book Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents

Download or read book Evidence Based Treatments for Trauma Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents written by Markus A. Landolt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents the current evidence-based psychological treatments for trauma related disorders in childhood and adolescence and in addition provides clearly structured, up-to-date information on the basic principles of traumatic stress research and practice in that age group, covering epidemiology, developmental issues, pathogenetic models, diagnostics, and assessment. Each of the chapters on treatment, which form the core of the book, begins with a summary of the theoretical underpinnings of the approach, followed by a case presentation illustrating the treatment protocol session by session, an analysis of special challenges typically encountered in implementing this treatment, and an overview of the current evidence base for the treatment approach. A special section considers modern treatments in particular settings, such as schools, hospitals, and juvenile justice systems, and the concluding chapters provide an integrative discussion on how to treat traumatized children and adolescents and an outlook. The book will be invaluable for clinical child and adolescent psychologists, child and adolescent psychiatrists, psychotherapists, and other mental health professionals working with traumatized children and adolescents.

Book Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology

Download or read book Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology written by Michael Lewis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-04-09 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When developmental psychologists set forth the theory that the roots of adult psychopathology could be traced to childhood experience and behavior, the idea quickly took hold. Subsequently, as significant research in this area advanced during the past decade, more sophisticated theory, more accurate research methodologies, and improved replication of empirical findings have been the result. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology incorporates these research advances throughout its comprehensive, up-to-date examination of this diverse and maturing field. Integrative state-of-the-art models document the complex interplay of risk and protective factors and other variables contributing to normal and pathological development. New and updated chapters describe current refinements in assessment methods and offer the latest research findings from neuroscience. In addition, the Third Edition provides readers with a detailed review across the spectrum of salient topics, from the effects of early deprivation to the impact of puberty. As the field continues to shift from traditional symptom-based concepts of pathology to a contemporary, dynamic paradigm, the Third Edition addresses such key topics as: Early Childhood disorders, including failure to thrive and attachment disorders. Aggression, ADHD, and other disruptive conditions. Developmental models of depression, anxiety, self-injury/suicide, and OCD. The autism spectrum and other chronic developmental disorders. Child maltreatment and trauma disorders. The Third Edition of the Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology is a discipline-defining, forward-looking resource for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in such fields as developmental psychology, psychiatry, social work, child and school psychology, educational psychology, and pediatrics.“p>

Book Attachment Theory

    Book Details:
  • Author : Susan Goldberg
  • Publisher : Routledge
  • Release : 2013-04-15
  • ISBN : 1135890528
  • Pages : 528 pages

Download or read book Attachment Theory written by Susan Goldberg and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-04-15 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a historic conference in Toronto in October 1993, developmental researchers and clinicians came together for the first time to explore the implications of current knowledge of attachment. This volume is the outcome of their labors. It offers innovative approaches to the understanding of such diverse clinical topics as child abuse, borderline personality disorder, dissociation, adolescent suicide, treatment responsiveness, false memory, narrative competence, and the intergenerational transmission of trauma.

Book Child and Adolescent Psychopathology

Download or read book Child and Adolescent Psychopathology written by Theodore P. Beauchaine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-24 with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A unique, multi-discipline, developmental approach to childhood psychopathology Child and Adolescent Psychopathology is the only comprehensive text in the field to address genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors within a developmental context. Based on cutting-edge research and aligned with the DSM-5, this book emphasizes how, when, and why disorders emerge among young people, and the ways in which symptom profiles change at different stages of development. This new third edition has been updated to include new chapters on OCD and trauma disorders consistent with DSM-5 classification, and includes new discussion on epigenetics and the neighborhood effects on the development of delinquency. Coverage includes extensive discussion of risk factors, from disturbed attachment relations and abuse/neglect, to head injury and teratogen exposure, followed by in-depth examination of behavior disorders and psychological disorders including Autism Spectrum, Schizophrenia Spectrum, and Eating Disorders. Psychological disorders in children are increasingly being explored from a relational perspective, and continuous advances in neurobiology research are adding an additional dimension to our understanding of cause, effect, and appropriate intervention. This book provides detailed guidance toward all aspects of childhood psychopathology, with a multi-discipline approach and a unique developmental emphasis. Discover how psychopathology emerges throughout the stages of development Learn how both genetics and environmental factors influence risk and behaviors Understand the prevalence, risk factors, and progression of each disorder Gain deep insight from leading experts in neurobiology and developmental psychopathology As the field of child psychology continues to evolve, behavioral and psychological disorders move beyond a list of symptoms to encompass the 'whole child'—biology, chemistry, environment, and culture are becoming increasingly relevant in understanding and treating these disorders, and must be considered from the earliest assessment stages. Child and Adolescent Psychopathology provides comprehensive information on childhood disorders from a developmental perspective.

Book Patterns of Relating

    Book Details:
  • Author : Malcolm L. West
  • Publisher : Guilford Press
  • Release : 1994-04-08
  • ISBN : 9780898626711
  • Pages : 230 pages

Download or read book Patterns of Relating written by Malcolm L. West and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1994-04-08 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The process of emotional attachment, a critical factor in infant and child development, is now recognized as an important component of satisfying adult relationships. Building on the research and theories of developmental psychologists, ethologists, and social scientists, this ground'breaking book describes the characteristics and role of attachment in the adult years and presents new perspectives for understanding and changing an adult's ability to form life'enhancing personal relationships. Chapters provide methods for applying ideas about adult attachments to social research and clinical intervention, defining attachment for adults with supporting research and clinical evidence, explicating the varieties of attachment patterns for adults, and for demonstrating the clinical and therapeutic relevance of these constructs. This book is aimed at developmental psychologists, clinicians, and social scientists in psychiatry, psychology, and related mental health disciplines. Also an appropriate text for theoretical and clinical courses in psychiatry, psychology, and social work.