Download or read book Atom Interferometry in an Atomic Fountain written by Mark A. Kasevich and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atom Interferometry written by G.M. Tino and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2014-10-16 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since atom interferometers were first realized about 20 years ago, atom interferometry has had many applications in basic and applied science, and has been used to measure gravity acceleration, rotations and fundamental physical quantities with unprecedented precision. Future applications range from tests of general relativity to the development of next-generation inertial navigation systems. This book presents the lectures and notes from the Enrico Fermi school "Atom Interferometry", held in Varenna, Italy, in July 2013. The aim of the school was to cover basic experimental and theoretical aspects and to provide an updated review of current activities in the field as well as main achievements, open issues and future prospects. Topics covered include theoretical background and experimental schemes for atom interferometry; ultracold atoms and atom optics; comparison of atom, light, electron and neutron interferometers and their applications; high precision measurements with atom interferometry and their application to tests of fundamental physics, gravitation, inertial measurements and geophysics; measurement of fundamental constants; interferometry with quantum degenerate gases; matter wave interferometry beyond classical limits; large area interferometers; atom interferometry on chips; and interferometry with molecules. The book will be a valuable source of reference for students, newcomers and experts in the field of atom interferometry.
Download or read book Atom Interferometry in a 10 M Fountain written by Alexander Sugarbaker and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents experimental results from the Stanford 10 m atom drop tower. We use atomic physics and laser spectroscopic techniques to test both general relativity and quantum mechanics. By dropping different types of atoms and observing their free-fall accelerations, it will be possible to test the equivalence principle and other general relativistic effects in the lab. By observing coherence after splitting an atom by up to 8.2 cm, we have probed the quantum-to-classical transition with increasingly macroscopic superposition states.
Download or read book New Techniques for Precision Atom Interferometry and Applications to Fundamental Tests of Gravity and of Quantum Mechanics written by Tim Kovachy and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-pulse atom interferometry--in which quantum mechanical atomic wave packets are split along two paths and later recombined and made to interfere by sequences of optical pulses--is a remarkably sensitive technique for measuring inertial forces, allowing it to be a valuable tool for applications ranging from fundamental tests of gravity to geodesy and inertial navigation. The inertial sensitivity of an atom interferometer is proportional to its enclosed spacetime area--that is, the product of the spatial separation between the two interferometer paths and the interferometer duration. Therefore, new techniques that allow this spacetime area to be increased are essential in order for atom interferometry to reach its full potential. In this thesis, I describe the development of such techniques. We approach the problem of increasing the interferometer spacetime area on two fronts. First, we implement new methods to increase the momentum transferred by the beam splitters of the interferometer. The velocity difference and therefore the spatial separation of the interferometer paths are proportional to this momentum transfer. Conventional atom optics techniques involve beam splitters that transfer two photon momentum recoils (2 hbar k) to the atoms. I will discuss our realization of large momentum transfer (LMT) beam splitters that transfer up to 100 hbar k. Second, we have built a 10 m tall atomic fountain that allows the total interferometer duration to be increased to 2 s. Ultimately, we combined LMT atom optics with long-duration atom interferometry in the 10 m atomic fountain, leading to very large spacetime area atom interferometers. In these very large area atom interferometers, the separation between the two atomic wave packets that respectively travel along the two interferometer paths reaches distances of up to 54 cm. Therefore, in addition to offering greatly increased inertial sensitivity, these interferometers probe the quantum mechanical wavelike nature of matter in a new macroscopic regime. I will discuss the techniques we devised to overcome the many technical challenges associated with such interferometers, which in other apparatus have prevented interference from being maintained for path separations larger than 1 cm. I will also describe initial results from the use of our very large area interferometers to test the equivalence principle with Rb-85 and Rb-87 and our plans for further progress in this direction. Very large area atom interferometry requires high laser power and extremely cold atom sources. We have developed a novel high power, frequency doubled laser source at 780 nm that is suitable for atom optics. Also, we have implemented a sequence of matter wave lenses to prepare and measure atomic ensembles with record-low effective temperatures of 50 pK. In addition to applications in atom interferometry, we expect that such an atom source will be broadly useful for a wide range of experiments.
Download or read book Advances in the Interplay Between Quantum and Gravity Physics written by Peter G. Bergmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-04-30 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this XVII Course of the International School of Cosmology and Gravitation devoted to "ADVANCES IN THE INTERPLAY BETWEEN QUANTUM AND GRAVITY PHYSICS" we have considered different aspects of the influence of gravity on quantum systems. In order to achieve this aim, in many lectures, seminars and discussions we have strengthened the interplay between gravity and quantum systems starting from the situation in the early universe based on astrophysical observations, up to the earthly based experiments with atom interferometry for probing the structure of space-time. Thus we have had timely lectures on the quantum field and horizon of a black hole including reviews of the problem of black holes thermodynamics and entropy, quantum information, quantum black holes, quantum evaporation and Hawking radiation, recent advances in stockastic gravity. We have also discussed quantum fluctuations in inflationary universe, quantum effects and reheating after inflation, and superplanckian energies in Hawking radiation. In this regard the subject of spinors in purely affine space-time and Dirac matter according to Weyl in the generalized theory of gravitation were developed . The dualism between space-time and matter has been deeply analyzed in order to see why, for general relativity, this is an obstacle for quantization of the theory. Also canonical Gravity and Mach's principle, torsion and curvature as commutator for Quantum Gravity and Dirac Geometry of real space-time were analysed, together with the problem of 5-Dimensional Projective Unified Field theory and Multidimensional Gravity and Cosmology.
Download or read book Applications of Atom Interferometry Using an Improved Laser Cooling Method written by Kengyeow Chung and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Intense Highly Collimated Continous Cesium Fountain written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The realisation of cold and slow atomic beams has opened the way to a series of precision measurements of high scientific interest, as atom interferometry, Bose-Einstein Condensation and atomic fountain clocks. The latter are used since several years as reference clocks, given the high performance that they can reach both in accuracy and stability. The common philosophy in the construction of atomic fountains has been the pulsed technique, where an atoms sample is launched vertically and then falls down under the effect of the gravity. The Observatoire de Neuchâtel had a different approach and has built a fountain clock (FOCS1) operating in a continuous mode. This technique offers two main advantages: the diminution of the undesirable effects due to the atomic density (e.g. collisions between the atoms and cavity pulling) and to the noise of the local oscillator (intermodulation effect). To take full advantage of the continuous fountain approach however, we need to increase the atomic flux. The techniques chosen to reach this goal are an efficient transverse collimation together with more atoms to begin with. Here we report on a study of different transverse collimation techniques performed in a two-dimensional phase stable optical lattice (namely gray molasses and magnetically induced laser cooling) as well as the development and characterisation of a 2D-magneto-optical trap used to load the fountain. Best performances are reached in a 2D+-MOT configuration of such a pre-source, for which we detect an atomic flux 20 times greater than the one measured when the fountain is loaded by a Cs vapour. This gain could improve the atomic clock stability by a factor 6. An even better stability is expected after introducing a pre-cooling stage before performing the transverse collimation. This new configuration is currently under investigation and will be implemented in a second continuous fountain (FOCS2).
Download or read book Cooling and Trapping of Atoms and Particles written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We showed that it is possible to cool atoms in a one dimensional optical lattice using to a novel degenerate sideband cooling technique. This method was then extended to a three dimension optical lattice. With this method, we are able capture all the atoms in a MOT and directly cool them to the photon recoil temperature at phase space densities of 1/500 using low powered (20 mW) diode laser beams. This represents a 2 1/2 order of magnitude increase in phase space density over the best form of grey optical molasses.
Download or read book Ultracold Bosonic and Fermionic Gases written by Kathy Levin and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-11-15 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The rapidly developing topic of ultracold atoms has many actual and potential applications for condensed-matter science, and the contributions to this book emphasize these connections. Ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases are introduced at a level appropriate for first-year graduate students and non-specialists such as more mature general physicists. The reader will find answers to questions like: how are experiments conducted and how are the results interpreted? What are the advantages and limitations of ultracold atoms in studying many-body physics? How do experiments on ultracold atoms facilitate novel scientific opportunities relevant to the condensed-matted community? This volume seeks to be comprehensible rather than comprehensive; it aims at the level of a colloquium, accessible to outside readers, containing only minimal equations and limited references. In large part, it relies on many beautiful experiments from the past fifteen years and their very fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas. In this particular context, phenomena most relevant to condensed-matter science have been emphasized. Introduces ultracold Bose and Fermi quantum gases at a level appropriate for non-specialists Discusses landmark experiments and their fruitful interplay with basic theoretical ideas Comprehensible rather than comprehensive, containing only minimal equations
Download or read book Optical Cavities for Optical Atomic Clocks Atom Interferometry and Gravitational Wave Detection written by Miguel Dovale Álvarez and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-10 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devised at the beginning of the 20th century by french physicists Charles Fabry and Alfred Perot, the Fabry-Perot optical cavity is perhaps the most deceptively simple setup in optics, and today a key resource in many areas of science and technology. This thesis delves deeply into the applications of optical cavities in a variety of contexts: from LIGO’s 4-km-long interferometer arms that are allowing us to observe the universe in a new way by measuring gravitational waves, to the atomic clocks used to realise time with unprecedented accuracy which will soon lead to a redefinition of the second, and the matterwave interferometers that are enabling us to test and measure gravity in a new scale. The work presented accounts for the elegance and versatility of this setup, which today underpins much of the progress in the frontier of atomic and gravitational experimental physics.
Download or read book Application of Spin Squeezing in Free Space Atomic Sensors written by Yunfan Wu (Applied physics researcher) and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic sensors measure a variety of physical quantities with ensembles of atoms. With careful engineering, the resolution of the atomic sensors will reach the quantum-projection limit. To beat this limit and further improve the resolution, spin squeezing, a specific entangled state, can be utilized. In this thesis, I will introduce efforts in integrating cavity-generated spin squeezed state into free space atomic sensors; specifically, atomic fountain clocks and atom interferometers. First, I will introduce two methods to retrieve spin squeezing in free space. The first method is based on an optical cavity and the second one uses a CMOS camera. The cavity method retrieves almost all the squeezing at short release time and the retrieved squeezing degrades at long release time. The study of this degradation leads to the understanding of the effects of coupling homogeneity loss. The application of the camera method successfully results in a free space Ramsey spectroscopy 5.8dB below quantum-projection limit, which is an important step to build an atomic fountain clock. Finally, I will detail the laser systems we constructed to do atom interferometry based on Raman transitions.
Download or read book Long time Atom Interferometry for Precision Tests of Fundamental Physics written by Susannah Moore Dickerson and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Light-pulse atom interferometry is a technique that is exquisitely sensitive to inertial forces. As such, it has exciting applications both in fundamental physics for precision tests of gravity, electrodynamics and quantum mechanics, as well as in practical situations for inertial navigation, geodesy, and timekeeping. In this work, I describe a 10 meter atomic fountain, designed for a precision test of the weak equivalence principle but with additional relevance in bounding proposed modifications of quantum mechanics, directly measuring general relativistic corrections, and detecting gravitational waves. This system is demonstrated to have the largest acceleration sensitivity to date by two orders of magnitude (6.7e-12 g). I also present precision measurements of Earth's rotation, the preparation of ultracold clouds to picokelvin effective temperatures, and current work to further improve the acceleration sensitivity through meter-scale separation between two halves of the atomic wavepacket. I close with a discussion of the next step towards an equivalence principle test: the creation of a well-overlapped, dual-species ultracold cloud.
Download or read book Atomic Interferometry with Detuned Counter Propagating Electromagnetic Pulses written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic fountain interferometry uses atoms cooled with optical molasses to 1 [mu]K, which are then launched in a fountain mode. The interferometer relies on the nonlinear Raman interaction of counter-propagating visible light pulses. We present models of these key transitions through a series of Hamiltonians. Our models, which have been verified against special cases with known solutions, allow us to incorporate the effects of non-ideal pulse shapes and realistic laser frequency or wavevector jitter.
Download or read book Exploring the World with the Laser written by Dieter Meschede and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-02 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edition contains carefully selected contributions by leading scientists in high-resolution laser spectroscopy, quantum optics and laser physics. Emphasis is given to ultrafast laser phenomena, implementations of frequency combs, precision spectroscopy and high resolution metrology. Furthermore, applications of the fundamentals of quantum mechanics are widely covered. This book is dedicated to Nobel prize winner Theodor W. Hänsch on the occasion of his 75th birthday. The contributions are reprinted from a topical collection published in Applied Physics B, 2016. Selected contributions are available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license via link.springer.com. Please see the copyright page for further details.
Download or read book Atomic Physics Precise Measurements and Ultracold Matter written by Massimo Inguscio and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-09-19 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book illustrates the history of Atomic Physics and shows how its most recent advances allow the possibility of performing precise measurements and achieving an accurate control on the atomic state. Written in an introductory style, this book is addressed to advanced undergraduate and graduate students, as well as to more experienced researchers who need to remain up-to-date with the most recent advances. The book focuses on experimental investigations, illustrating milestone experiments and key experimental techniques, and discusses the results and the challenges of contemporary research. Emphasis is put on the investigations of precision physics: from the determination of fundamental constants of Nature to tests of General Relativity and Quantum Electrodynamics; from the realization of ultra-stable atomic clocks to the precise simulation of condensed matter theories with ultracold gases. The book discusses these topics while tracing the evolution of experimental Atomic Physics from traditional laser spectroscopy to the revolution introduced by laser cooling, which allows the manipulation of atoms at a billionth of a degree above absolute zero and reveals new frontiers of precision in atomic spectroscopy.
Download or read book Current Trends in Atomic Physics written by Antoine Browaeys and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gathers the lecture notes of courses given at Session CVII of the summer school in physics, entitled “Current Trends in Atomic Physics” and held in July, 2016 in Les Houches, France. Atomic physics provides a paradigm for exploring few-body quantum systems with unparalleled control. In recent years, this ability has been applied in diverse areas including condensed matter physics, high energy physics, chemistry and ultra-fast phenomena as well as foundational aspects of quantum physics. This book addresses these topics by presenting developments and current trends via a series of tutorials and lectures presented by international leading investigators.
Download or read book Condensation And Coherence In Condensed Matter Proceedings Of The Nobel Jubilee Symposium written by T Claeson and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2003-03-21 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 2001, the Nobel Foundation celebrated the 100th anniversary of the first Nobel Prize, and all previous Nobel laureates were invited to attend the Nobel ceremonies in Stockholm. This gave an excellent opportunity for arranging jubilee symposia with topics that would attract several of the laureates. The chosen subject of “Condensation and Coherence in Condensed Systems” attracted sixteen Nobel laureates and another thirty-five leading scientists.The idea was to bring scientists together from several related subdisciplines: atomic physics, quantum optics, and condensed matter physics, for cross-breeding of ideas, concepts, and experience. Subjects like phase transitions in strongly coupled systems, Bose-Einstein condensation in weakly coupled systems, macroscopic quantum phenomena, coherence in mesoscopic structures, and quantum information were intensively discussed from different points of view. Coherence phenomena in condensed systems were emphasized. A special session was devoted to the emerging field of quantum computing, with experimental and theoretical results reported for different types of qu-bits. The 2001 Nobel Prize awarded to Eric Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle, and Carl Wieman, “for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates,” gave an extra flavor to the theme of the Centennial Symposium.
