Download or read book WHO Guidelines for Indoor Air Quality written by and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents WHO guidelines for the protection of public health from risks due to a number of chemicals commonly present in indoor air. The substances considered in this review, i.e. benzene, carbon monoxide, formaldehyde, naphthalene, nitrogen dioxide, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (especially benzo[a]pyrene), radon, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene, have indoor sources, are known in respect of their hazardousness to health and are often found indoors in concentrations of health concern. The guidelines are targeted at public health professionals involved in preventing health risks of environmental exposures, as well as specialists and authorities involved in the design and use of buildings, indoor materials and products. They provide a scientific basis for legally enforceable standards.

Download or read book Nitrogen oxides NOx why and how they are controlled written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1999 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Graphene Surfaces written by Karim Kakaei and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Graphene Surfaces: Particles and Catalysts focuses on the surface chemistry and modification of graphene and its derivatives from a theoretical and electrochemical point-of-view. It provides a comprehensive overview of their electronic structure, synthesis, properties and general applications in catalysis science, including their relevance in alcohols and their derivatives oxidation, oxygen reduction, hydrogen evolution, energy storage, corrosion protection and supercapacitors. The book also covers emerging research on graphene chemistry and its impact. Chemical engineers, materials scientists, electrochemists and engineers will find information that will answer their most pressing questions on the surface aspects of graphene and its effect on catalysis. - Serves as a time-saving reference for researchers, graduated students and chemical engineers - Equips the reader with catalysis knowledge for practical applications - Discusses the physical and electrochemical properties of graphene - Provides the most important applications of graphene in electrochemical systems - Highlights both experimental and theoretical aspects of graphene

Download or read book Nitrous Oxide and Climate Change written by Keith Smith and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrous oxide, N2O, is the third most important (in global warming terms) of the greenhouse gases, after carbon dioxide and methane. As this book describes, although it only comprises 320 parts per billion of the earth's atmosphere, it has a so-called Global Warming Potential nearly 300 times greater than that of carbon dioxide. N2O emissions are difficult to estimate, because they are predominantly biogenic in origin. The N2O is formed in soils and oceans throughout the world, by the microbial processes of nitrification and denitrification, that utilise the reactive N compounds ammonium and nitrate, respectively. These forms of nitrogen are released during the natural biogeochemical nitrogen cycle, but are also released by human activity. In fact, the quantity of these compounds entering the biosphere has virtually doubled since the beginning of the industrial age, and this increase has been matched by a corresponding increase in N2O emissions. The largest source is now agriculture, driven mainly by the use of synthetic nitrogen fertilisers. The other major diffuse source derives from release of NOx into the atmosphere from fossil fuel combustion and biomass burning, as well as ammonia from livestock manure. Some N2O also comes directly from combustion, and from two processes in the chemical industry: the production of nitric acid, and the production of adipic acid, used in nylon manufacture. Action is being taken to curb the industrial point-source emissions of N2O, but measures to limit or reduce agricultural emissions are inherently more difficult to devise. As we enter an era in which measures are being explored to reduce fossil fuel use and/or capture or sequester the CO2 emissions from the fuel, it is likely that the relative importance of N2O in the 'Kyoto basket' of greenhouse gases will increase, because comparable mitigation measures for N2O are inherently more difficult, and because expansion of the land area devoted to crops, to feed the increasing global population and to accommodate the current development of biofuels, is likely to lead to an increase in N fertiliser use, and thus N2O emission, worldwide. The aim of this book is to provide a synthesis of scientific information on the primary sources and sinks of nitrous oxide and an assessment of likely trends in atmospheric concentrations over the next century and the potential for mitigation measures.

Download or read book Non CO2 Greenhouse Gases Scientific Understanding Control and Implementation written by J. van Ham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000-03-31 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the climate change discussion, non-CO2 greenhouse gases (NCGGs) received official political recognition for the first time in 1997, when agreement was reached on the Kyoto Protocol. As a result methane, nitrous oxide, HFCs, PFCs and SF6 now provide attractive options for detailing the national targets for the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions meant to control climate change. This book is the second volume in this area and addresses three main topics. Firstly, it documents progress with respect to our knowledge of the sources and sinks of NCGGs. Information on this subject is essential in order to reduce the uncertainties in national emissions inventories which serve as the reference values for commitments of countries in the framework of the Kyoto Protocol. Secondly, this volume deals with the control options for the NCGGs and contains a wealth of information in this area. Emerging technologies here provide business opportunities, in particular in connection with the flexible mechanisms for mitigation projects in developing countries which have been agreed in Kyoto. Thirdly, the book treats the policy implementation of mitigation options for greenhouse gas emissions. Tools for control policies, both on the national and international level, and for different sectors of industry are discussed. National integrated approaches, including the ones from the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherlands Ministry of Environment which both sponsored the conference, provide guidance for defining the most effective greenhouse gases mitigation plans in different situations. This volume is being published in support of the IPCC Process and will serve as a reference for IPCC's Third Assessment Report.

Download or read book Greenhouse Gas Sinks written by Dave Reay and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this first comprehensive handbook of the earth's sinks for greenhouse gases, leading researchers from around the world provide an expert synthesis of current understanding and uncertainties. It will be a valuable resource for students, researchers and practitioners in conservation, ecology and environmental studies.

Download or read book Ocean Atmosphere Interactions of Gases and Particles written by Peter S. Liss and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-12-18 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oceans and atmosphere interact through various processes, including the transfer of momentum, heat, gases and particles. In this book leading international experts come together to provide a state-of-the-art account of these exchanges and their role in the Earth-system, with particular focus on gases and particles. Chapters in the book cover: i) the ocean-atmosphere exchange of short-lived trace gases; ii) mechanisms and models of interfacial exchange (including transfer velocity parameterisations); iii) ocean-atmosphere exchange of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide; iv) ocean atmosphere exchange of particles and v) current and future data collection and synthesis efforts. The scope of the book extends to the biogeochemical responses to emitted / deposited material and interactions and feedbacks in the wider Earth-system context. This work constitutes a highly detailed synthesis and reference; of interest to higher-level university students (Masters, PhD) and researchers in ocean-atmosphere interactions and related fields (Earth-system science, marine / atmospheric biogeochemistry / climate). Production of this book was supported and funded by the EU COST Action 735 and coordinated by the International SOLAS (Surface Ocean- Lower Atmosphere Study) project office.

Download or read book New and Future Developments in Catalysis written by Steven L Suib and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-07-19 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Catalysis is a package of seven books that compile the latest ideas concerning alternate and renewable energy sources and the role that catalysis plays in converting new renewable feedstock into biofuels and biochemicals. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts and catalytic processes will be discussed in a unified and comprehensive approach. There will be extensive cross-referencing within all volumes.The use of solar energy during various catalytic chemical processes for the production of an array of chemical products is the theme of this volume. Photocatalysis is a topic of increasing importance due to its essential role in many of today's environmental and energy source problems. The use of solar energy for catalytic reactions results in a carbon dioxide–neutral process. All photocatalytic processes and the future developments in this area are discussed, including an economic analysis of the various processes. - Offers in-depth coverage of all catalytic topics of current interest and outlines future challenges and research areas - A clear and visual description of all parameters and conditions, enabling the reader to draw conclusions for a particular case - Outlines the catalytic processes applicable to energy generation and design of green processes

Download or read book Climate Change written by The Royal Society and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2014-02-26 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Climate Change: Evidence and Causes is a jointly produced publication of The US National Academy of Sciences and The Royal Society. Written by a UK-US team of leading climate scientists and reviewed by climate scientists and others, the publication is intended as a brief, readable reference document for decision makers, policy makers, educators, and other individuals seeking authoritative information on the some of the questions that continue to be asked. Climate Change makes clear what is well-established and where understanding is still developing. It echoes and builds upon the long history of climate-related work from both national academies, as well as on the newest climate-change assessment from the United Nations' Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. It touches on current areas of active debate and ongoing research, such as the link between ocean heat content and the rate of warming.

Download or read book Climate Change Science written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-28 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The warming of the Earth has been the subject of intense debate and concern for many scientists, policy-makers, and citizens for at least the past decade. Climate Change Science: An Analysis of Some Key Questions, a new report by a committee of the National Research Council, characterizes the global warming trend over the last 100 years, and examines what may be in store for the 21st century and the extent to which warming may be attributable to human activity.

Download or read book The Gas Age written by and published by . This book was released on 1919 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Role of Air Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling written by Patrick Buat-Ménard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book arises from a NATO-sponsored Advanced Study Institute on 'The Role of Air-Sea Exchange in Geochemical Cycling' held at Bombann@§. near Bordeaux, France. from 16 to 27 September 1985. The chapters of the book are the written versions of the lectures given at the Institute. The aim of the book is to give a comprehensive up-to-date coverage of the subject. presented in a teaching mode. The chapters contain much recent research material and attempt to give the reader an understanding of how the role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling can be quantitatively assessed. In the last decade, major advances in the fields of marine and atmospheric chemistry have underlined the role of physical, chemical and biological processes at and near the air-sea interface in a number of geochemical cycles (C. S, N, metals etc ... ). Further, there is strong concern over the anthropogenic perturbation of these cycles on both regional and global scales. The first part of the book (Chapters 1 to 8) provides a review of topics fundamental to such studies. These topics include concepts in geochemical modelling, assessment of atmospheric transport from sources to the oceans. description of mixing and transport processes within the ocean for both dissolved and particulate materials, quantification of air-sea fluxes for both gases and particles, photochemical transformations in the atmospheric and oceanic boundary layers.

Download or read book Climate Change A Wicked Problem written by Frank P. Incropera and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pragmatic, no-holds-barred assessment of climate change, for anyone wishing to be fully informed on the topic.

Download or read book Chemistry of Multiphase Atmospheric Systems written by Wolfgang Jaeschke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 773 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rapidly increasing interest in the problems of air pollution and source-receptor relationships has led to a significant expansion of knowledge in the field of atmospheric chemistry. In general the chemistry of atmospheric trace constituents is governed by the oxygen content of the atmosphere. Upon entering the atmosphere in a more or less reduced state, trace substances are oxidized via various pathways and the generated products are often precursors of acidic compounds. Beside oxidation processes occurring in the gas phase, gaseous compounds are often converted into solid aerosol particles. The various steps within gas-to-particle conversion are constantly interacting with condensation processes, which are caused by the tropospheric water content. Thus in addition to the gaseous state, a liquid and solid state exists within the troposphere. The solid phase consists of atmospheric conversion products or fly ash and mineral dust. The liquid phase consists of water, conversion products and soluble compounds. The chemistry occurring within this system is often referred to as hydrogeneous chemistry. The chemist interprets this term, however, more strictly as reactions which occur only at an interphase between phases. This, however, is not always what happens in the atmosphere. There are indeed heterogeneous processes such as reactions occurring on the surface of dry aerosol particles. But apart from these, we must focus as well on reactions in the homogeneous phase, which are single steps of consecutive reactions running through various phases.

Download or read book Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-07-28 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world's nations are moving toward agreements that will bind us together in an effort to limit future greenhouse gas emissions. With such agreements will come the need for all nations to make accurate estimates of greenhouse gas emissions and to monitor changes over time. In this context, the present book focuses on the greenhouse gases that result from human activities, have long lifetimes in the atmosphere and thus will change global climate for decades to millennia or more, and are currently included in international agreements. The book devotes considerably more space to CO2 than to the other gases because CO2 is the largest single contributor to global climate change and is thus the focus of many mitigation efforts. Only data in the public domain were considered because public access and transparency are necessary to build trust in a climate treaty. The book concludes that each country could estimate fossil-fuel CO2 emissions accurately enough to support monitoring of a climate treaty. However, current methods are not sufficiently accurate to check these self-reported estimates against independent data or to estimate other greenhouse gas emissions. Strategic investments would, within 5 years, improve reporting of emissions by countries and yield a useful capability for independent verification of greenhouse gas emissions reported by countries.

Download or read book Atomic and Molecular Photoabsorption written by Joseph Berkowitz and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-03-27 with total page 533 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atomic and Molecular Photoabsorption: Partial Cross Sections is a companion work to Joseph Berkowitz's earlier work, Atomic and Molecular Photoabsorption: Absolute Total Cross Sections, published with Academic Press in 2002. In this work Joseph Berkowitz selected the "best" absolute partial cross sections for the same species as included in the companion work. A contrast, however, is that photoabsorption measurements, being of order I/Io, do not require the most intense light sources, whereas acquiring data on the products of light interactions with gaseous matter (ions, electrons, various coincidence measurements) has benefited significantly with the arrival of second- and third-generation synchrotrons. The newer devices have also extended the energy range of the light sources to include the K-shells of the species discussed here. The newer light sources encouraged experimentalists to develop improved instrumentation. Thus, the determination of partial cross sections continues to be an active field, with more recent results in some cases superseding earlier ones. Where the accuracy of the absolute partial cross sections is deemed sufficient (less than five percent), numerical tables are included in this new work. In other cases, the available data are presented graphically. - Includes data on atoms, diatomic molecules, triatomic molecules, and polyatomic molecules - Written by world-leading pioneer in the field of photoionization mass spectrometry - Very clear presentation of the useful, quantitative information in both tables and graphs

Download or read book Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia E Book written by Hugh C. Hemmings and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2018-10-19 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacology and physiology are the foundation of every anesthesia provider's training and clinical competency. Pharmacology and Physiology for Anesthesia: Foundations and Clinical Application, 2nd Edition, delivers the information you need in pharmacology, physiology, and molecular-cellular biology, keeping you current with contemporary training and practice. This thoroughly updated edition is your one-stop, comprehensive overview of physiology, and rational anesthetic drug selection and administration, perfect for study, review, and successful practice. - Contains new chapters on Special Populations (anesthetic pharmacology in obesity, geriatrics, and pediatrics), Oral and Non-IV Opioids, Thermoregulation, Physiology and Pharmacology of Obstetric Anesthesia, Chemotherapeutic and Immunosuppresive Drugs, and Surgical Infection and Antimicrobial Drugs. - Incorporates entirely new sections on Physics, Anatomy, and Imaging. - Includes new information on consciousness and cognition, pharmacodynamics, the immune system, and anti-inflammatory drugs. - Features user-friendly tables, figures, and algorithms (including 100 new illustrations), all presented in full color and designed to help explain complex concepts. - Helps you understand the molecular mechanism of drug actions and identify key drug interactions that may complicate anesthesia with dedicated sections on these areas.