Download or read book Atmospheric Factors Affecting the Corrosion of Zinc Galvanized Steel and Copper written by SD. Cramer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bureau of Mines, as part of the National Acid Precipitation Assessment Program, studied the atmospheric corrosion of zinc, galvanized steel, and copper at five sites in the eastern United States for periods up to five years. Air quality, meteorology, precipitation chemistry, and pariculate chemistry were monitored at each site. Long-term (steady-state) corrosion rates were measured by mass loss and by determining the rate that corrosion products were removed in precipitation runoff. A three-term runoff flux model fit long-term field corrosion data well, giving R2 values greater than 0.95. The model was based on the fluxes of precipitation volume, wet-deposited hydrogen ion, and dry-deposited sulfur dioxide that are available from regional environmental monitoring activities. The parameter values obtained from this model agreed with values obtained by direct measurement, indicating they are physically significant. These parameters are the dry deposition velocity of sulfur dioxide to the metal, the number of hydrogen ions needed to release a metal ion from the corrosion product, and a product of residence time and the solubility of the corrosion product in precipitation. Experimental evidence suggests the model needs a fourth term for the dry deposition of particulates that deposit on the metal and neutralize a fraction of the acidic species subsequently deposited. Damage to zinc, galvanized steel, and copper from wet and dry acidic deposition was estimated to be 50% or more of the total damage at each of the five sites. Damage to zinc at the Ohio site by acid deposition was more than 80% of the total damage. for copper, damage from the wet deposition of hydrogen ions was greater than that from the dry deposition of sulfur dioxide at four of the five sites.
Download or read book Atmospheric Factors Affecting the Corrosion of Engineering Metals written by S. K. Coburn and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1978 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion and Electrochemistry of Zinc written by Xiaoge Gregory Zhang and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humankind's use of zinc stretches back to antiquity, and it was a component in some of the earliest known alloy systems. Even though metallic zinc was not "discovered" in Europe until 1746 (by Marggral), zinc ores were used for making brass in biblical times, and an 87% zinc alloy was found in prehistoric ruins in Transylvania. Also, zinc (the metal) was produced in quantity in India as far back as the thirteenth century, well before it was recognized as being a separate element. The uses of zinc are manifold, ranging from galvanizing to die castings to electronics. It is a preferred anode material in high-energy-density batteries (e.g., Ni/Zn, Ag/Zn, ZnJair), so that its electrochemistry, particularly in alkaline media, has been extensively explored. In the passive state, zinc is photoelectrochemically active, with the passive film displaying n-type characteristics. For the same reason that zinc is considered to be an excellent battery anode, it has found extensive use as a sacrificial anode for the protection of ships and pipelines from corrosion. Indeed, aside from zinc's well-known attributes as an alloying element, its widespread use is principally due to its electrochemical properties, which include a well-placed position in the galvanic series for protecting iron and steel in natural aqueous environments and its reversible dissolution behavior in alkaline solutions.
Download or read book Twenty year Atmospheric Corrosion Investigation on Zinc coated and Uncoated Wire and Wire Products written by and published by ASTM International. This book was released on with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals written by S. W Dean and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Testing and Evaluation written by Robert Baboian and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1990 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thirty papers provide information on the magnitude of corrosion damage and how testing and evaluation techniques assist in minimizing failures. New developments in computer aided evaluations are highlighted along with advances in electrochemical techniques. Also covered are measurements in soil, wat
Download or read book Environmental Factors Affecting the Corrosion of Galvanized Steel written by FH. Haynie and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Galvanized steel samples are exposed for periods of up to 30 months at nine air monitoring sites in the St. Louis, MO area. Climatic and air quality data are recorded during the exposure periods and subjected to a rigorous evaluation to eliminate recording errors and to estimate missing values. Weight loss is used as the measure of zinc corrosion on the galvanized steel. The corrosion rate is evaluated with respect to (1) fluxes of pollutants (sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, oxidants, and particles) to the galvanized steel during both wet and dry periods, (2) temperature, and (3) amount of rainfall at Lambert Field (airport). Different definitions of when the galvanized steel was wet are evaluated to determine the most likely "critical relative humidity." A theoretical model of film buildup and dissolution is developed to explain how factors affect corrosion rates. Nonlinear and linear multiple regression techniques are used to determine the statistical significance of each factor.
Download or read book Corrosion of Metals in the Atmosphere written by Walter K. Boyd and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This state-of-the-art report summarizes the main corrosion characteristics of the commercial metals commonly employed for external applications. Some of the factors that affect metal behavior in general are discussed at the outset, but since each metal has a characteristic response to the corrosive consitituents in external atmospheres, some of these factors are again discussed in the sections on the individual metals. Included in this report are sections dealing with carbon, weathering and stainless steels, aluminum-alloys, copper-base alloys, and zinc and zinc-coated steel.
Download or read book Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry Second Edition written by and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2015-12-01 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1994, this second edition of Corrosion in the Petrochemical Industry collects peer-reviewed articles written by experts in the field of corrosion that were specifically chosen for this book because of their relevance to the petrochemical industry. This edition expands coverage of the different forms of corrosion, including the effects of metallurgical variables on the corrosion of several alloys. It discusses protection methods, including discussion of corrosion inhibitors and corrosion resistance of aluminum, magnesium, stainless steels, and nickels. It also includes a section devoted specifically to petroleum and petrochemical industry related issues.
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion written by Christofer Leygraf and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-06-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION Presents a comprehensive look at atmospheric corrosion, combining expertise in corrosion science and atmospheric chemistry Atmospheric corrosion has been a subject of engineering study, largely empirical, for nearly a century. Scientists came to the field rather later on and had considerable difficulty bringing their arsenal of tools to bear on the problem. Atmospheric corrosion was traditionally studied by specialists in corrosion having little knowledge of atmospheric chemistry, history, or prospects. Atmospheric Corrosion provides a combined approach bringing together experimental corrosion and atmospheric chemistry. The second edition expands on this approach by including environmental aspects of corrosion, atmospheric corrosion modeling, and international corrosion exposure programs. The combination of specialties provides a more comprehensive coverage of the topic. These scientific insights into the corrosion process and its amelioration are the focus of this book. Key topics include the following: Basic principles of atmospheric corrosion chemistry Corrosion mechanisms in controlled and uncontrolled environments Degradation of materials in architectural, transport, and structural applications; electronic devices; and cultural artifacts Protection of existing materials and choosing new ones that resist corrosion Prediction of how and where atmospheric corrosion may evolve in the future Complete with appendices discussing experimental techniques, computer models, and the degradation of specific metals, Atmospheric Corrosion, Second Edition continues to be an invaluable resource for corrosion scientists, corrosion engineers, conservators, environmental scientists, and anyone interested in the theory and application of this evolving field. The book concerns primarily the atmospheric corrosion of metals and is written at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates or beginning graduate students in any of the physical or engineering sciences.
Download or read book Ancient Historic Metals written by David A. Scott and published by Getty Publications. This book was released on 1994 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sixteen essays in this volume reflect a wide range of research concerning methods for metals conservation, particularly in respect to ancient and historic objects. The variety of issues discussed includes considerations in the cleaning of ancient bronze vessels; the processes involved in bronze casting, finishing, patination, and corrosion; studies of manufacturing techniques of gold objects in ancient African and medieval European metalworking; techniques of mercury gilding in the 18th century; an investigation of patina in the classification of bronze surfaces from land and lake environments; an examination of bronze objects from the Benin Kingdom, Nigeria; the history of restoration of the Marcus Aurelius monument in Rome; the corrosion of iron in architecture; and applications of radiographic tomography to the study of metal objects.
Download or read book The Effects of Air Pollution on Cultural Heritage written by John Watt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the sources of the air pollutants responsible for building damage and the mechanisms involved. Studies investigating the relationships between pollution concentration (dose) and the resulting damage (response) are described and the latest research findings for dose-response functions are presented. Trends in pollutant emissions, ambient concentrations and building damage over time are described and future predictions are presented. Methodologies for assessing the extent of the potential problem in a region – the stock at risk – are presented. Procedures for estimating the economic implications are described and the consequences are discussed in detail, because economic factors are important for reaching policy and management decisions at local, national and international scales. Damage to cultural heritage buildings is an important additional effect which needs to be considered as the standards are revised and the factors which will need to be brought into the assessment are presented.
Download or read book Interim Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 986 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion written by Stephen D. Cramer and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 2003 with total page 1190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annotation Every article from the 1987 edition has been reviewed, revised, expanded or updated! The purpose of ASM Handbook, Volume 13A: Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection is to help engineers and designers understand corrosion so that they can solve existing corrosion problems and prevent future ones. It should be the first book you select when researching a corrosion problem. The overage of the volume had been completely revised to ensure that it is the most comprehensive, practical, and up-to-date resource available. Each article is indexed to other appropriate sections of the Handbook, and each provides a road map to the thousand of individual bibliographical references that were used to compile the information. The editors have assembled over 120 leading authorities in the field of corrosion to review, revise, and contribute new articles to this volume. This volume replaces the landmark 1987 Metals Handbook volume on corrosion. In developing this new edition, the coverage of many of the topics has been greatly expanded. The volume has six major sections: Fundamentals of Corrosion, Forms of Corrosion, Corrosion Testing and Evaluation, Methods of Corrosion Protection, Designing for Corrosion Control and Prevention, and Tools for the Corrosionist.
Download or read book Atmospheric Corrosion of Metals written by S. W. Dean and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1982 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc Alloys written by Frank C. Porter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1994-06-29 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A cornerstone reference in the field, this work analyzes available information on the corrosion resistance of zinc and its alloys both as solid materials and as coatings on steel, detailing the corrosion resistance of zinc in atmospheric, aqueous, underground and chemical environments. Corrosion Resistance of Zinc and Zinc Alloys illustrates the numerous benefits of zinc and duplex coatings and presents practical case histories of their use.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Symposia on Corrosion Effects of Acid Deposition and Corrosion of Electronic Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
