Download or read book Astrocytes Pt 2 Biochemistry Physiology and Pharmacology of Astrocytes written by Sergey Fedorff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes: Biochemistry, Physiology, and Pharmacology of Astrocytes, Volume 2 focuses on the physiological and pharmacological aspects of astrocytes. This volume gives specific attention to intracellular metabolic activity; membrane components and functions; responses to neurotransmitters and other intrinsic factors; and neuronal-glial interactions. Studies in this text establishe the astrocyte as an essential neuronal partner in the neuronal-glial interrelationship throughout the life-span of the neuron and also further explain the potential roles of astrocytes in brain function. Cell physiologists, neurophysiologists, neuropharmacologists, pediatric neurologists, and gerontologists will find the book interesting.
Download or read book Astrocytes written by Sergey Fedorff and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Astrocytes Pt 3 Biochemistry Physiology and Pharmacology of Astrocytes written by Sergey Fedorff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes: Cell Biology and Pathology of Astrocytes, Volume 3 deals with the involvement of astrocytes in neurological and neuropathological states of brain function. This volume discusses the expression of astrocyte-specific immunological markers and plasma membrane structures; the dynamics of the cytoskeleton and cell cycle; and the reactivity to injury and response of astrocytes in selected pathological and genetic states. The text also aims to inspire new ideas and research on astrocyte functions as well as on the pathogenesis of neurological disorders. Neuroscientists, cell biologists, clinicians, neuropathologists, and pediatric neurologists will find the book invaluable.
Download or read book Astrocyte written by Maria Teresa Gentile and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-03-21 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A team of authors from prestigious academic schools contributed to draw up a project that would give a detailed account of astrocyte's morphology and physiology, examining thoroughly all the astrocyte's types; giving an accurate description of their morphology, location, function in the brain; and illustrating their physiology and pathology in terms of dealing with neurons through "gliotransmitters," ionic channels, and membrane receptors expression. This book gives an overview of the crucial role of astrocytes in the physiology of the CNS and in the pathogenesis of several CNS disorders suggesting that the shift from a neurocentric view to one that incorporates astrocytes in disease models for drug discovery is a critical step in renewing drug development strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Download or read book Astrocytes written by Bozzano G Luisa and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 478 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the functional roles of astrocytes in the nervous system has grown significantly as it is recognized that these cells not only have their own pharmacology but also release neuro- and vaso-active factors. This book relates astrocyte pharmacology to cell function for the first time, making it an attractive text across the neuroscience community. - Discusses the pharmacological regulation of specific astrocyte functions - Covers functional interactions between these and adjacent CNS cell types - Examines regional heterogeneity of astrocytes with respect to receptor expression - Compares in vitro and in vivo approaches
Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-11 with total page 701 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes were the original neuroglia that Ramón y Cajal visualized in 1913 using a gold sublimate stain. This stain targeted intermediate filaments that we now know consist mainly of glial fibrillary acidic protein, a protein used today as an astrocytic marker. Cajal described the morphological diversity of these cells with some ast- cytes surrounding neurons, while the others are intimately associated with vasculature. We start the book by discussing the heterogeneity of astrocytes using contemporary tools and by calling into question the assumption by classical neuroscience that neurons and glia are derived from distinct pools of progenitor cells. Astrocytes have long been neglected as active participants in intercellular communication and information processing in the central nervous system, in part due to their lack of electrical excitability. The follow up chapters review the “nuts and bolts” of ast- cytic physiology; astrocytes possess a diverse assortment of ion channels, neu- transmitter receptors, and transport mechanisms that enable the astrocytes to respond to many of the same signals that act on neurons. Since astrocytes can detect chemical transmitters that are released from neurons and can release their own extracellular signals there is an increasing awareness that they play physiological roles in regulating neuronal activity and synaptic transmission. In addition to these physiological roles, it is becoming increasingly recognized that astrocytes play critical roles during pathophysiological states of the nervous system; these states include gliomas, Alexander disease, and epilepsy to mention a few.
Download or read book Astroglia and Brain Metabolism written by Arne Schousboe and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 76 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present outline of astrocytic metabolic pathways involved in glucose and amino acid metabolism provides detailed information about the enzymatic pathways involved, as well as a description of the basic properties of the enzymes including regulatory mechanisms. Hence, the glycolytic pathway and glycogen metabolism are outlined, followed by a detailed account of pyruvate oxidation and its role as a substrate for the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. Moreover, a detailed description of the main enzymes involved in glutamate metabolism is provided and the role of the glutamate-glutamine cycle is explained. Since this text is primarily covering astrocytic metabolism, an emphasis has been placed on a discussion of the significance of the astrocyte specific enzymes pyruvate carboxylase and glutamine synthetase, which enable these cells to perform a net synthesis of glutamine, the precursor for synthesis of glutamate and γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), the main neurotransmitters of the brain. With this, we have underlined the fundamental importance of astrocytic metabolism for neuronal function with a particular emphasis on the fact that, without continuous support from the astrocytic partners in synaptic function, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission would not be possible. It is thought provoking that these neurotransmission processes, which account for the vast majority of synaptic activity in the brain, have been made totally dependent on astrocytic metabolic support, particularly with regard to replenishment of the respective neurotransmitters.
Download or read book Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia written by Nina Vardjan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-07-13 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia integrates what is known about the active role of astroglia in the locus coeruleus-noradrenergic system and outlines the most recent advances in the field. It discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying norepinephrine-induced receptor activation in astroglia, cellular metabolism and CNS energy provision, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models, gliosignalling and neuronal activity, and astroglial networks, gap junctions, and morphological plasticity. The book also addresses the role of astroglial adrenergic receptor activation in memory formation, cognition, regulation of sleep homeostasis, and lastly in neurological disorders, including trauma (cellular edema), neurodegeneration (Alzheimer's disease), and neuroinflammation (multiple sclerosis). Noradrenergic Signaling and Astroglia is a valuable source of new knowledge for a wide audience, including graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, and researchers in neuroscience, life sciences, and the biological and biomedical sciences. - Covers what is currently known about the role of astroglia in the noradrenergic system - Provides biochemical and physiological mechanistic data to understand how noradrenergic signals acting on astroglia produce observed effects - Includes figures and tables of structures, mechanisms and processes related to astroglia and noradrenergic signaling in CNS
Download or read book Physiology of Astroglia written by Alexei Verkhratsky and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-01 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Astrocytes can be defined as the glia inhabiting the nervous system with the main function in the maintenance of nervous tissue homeostasis. Classified into several types according to their morphological appearance, many of astrocytes form a reticular structure known as astroglial syncytium, owing to their coupling via intercellular channels organized into gap junctions. Not only do astrocytes establish such homocellular contacts, but they also engage in intimate heterocellular interactions with neurons, most notably at synaptic sites. As synaptic structures house the very core of information transfer and processing in the nervous system, astroglial perisynaptic positioning assures that these glial cells can nourish neurons and establish bidirectional communication with them, functions outlined in the concepts of the astrocytic cradle and multi-partite synapse, respectively. Astrocytes possess a rich assortment of ligand receptors, ion and water channels, and ion and ligand transporters, which collectively contribute to astrocytic control of homeostasis and excitability. Astroglia control glutamate and adenosine homeostasis to exert modulatory actions affecting the real-time operation of synapses. Fluctuations of intracellular calcium can lead to the release of various chemical transmitters from astrocytes through a process termed gliotransmission. Sodium fluctuations are closely associated to those of calcium with both dynamic events interfacing signaling and metabolism. Astrocytes appear fully integrated into the brain cellular circuitry, being an indispensable part of neural networks.
Download or read book Astrocytes Cell biology and pathology of astrocytes written by Sergey Fedoroff and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity Second Edition written by Michael Aschner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology, The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition covers multiple aspects of glial cells, including morphology, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, pathology, and their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases. The book is structured to examine the interactions between glial cells and neurons during development, adulthood, and senescence, followed by specific examples of directly mediated glial neurotoxicity. The book also covers miscellaneous topics in glial physiology/biochemistry such as signaling and edema. The book includes coverage of advances in our knowledge and understanding of glial physiology and biochemistry. Discover what's new in the Second Edition: Neuronal-glia metabolic interactions Neuronal-glia interactions (glutamate homeostasis) Zinc transporters in glia Energy deprivation/mitochondrial dysfunction - unique astrocyte susceptibilities Astrocytes and MPTP neurotoxicity Astroglia and food toxins Current understanding of the importance of glia has caused a boom in published information. Yet while many of the published textbooks are multifaceted and multidisciplinary, none includes the role of glia in neurotoxicity. Written by leaders in the field of glial research, this text fills this missing gap in the literature. Broader in scope than the first edition, including contributions from internationally known researchers, this is still the only book dedicated to exploring the role of glial cells in mediating neurotoxicology. Features Summarizes the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology Contains tables and figures that give you quick and easy access to precise data Includes a contemporary summary of literature that puts information useful for grant submissions at your fingertips Features new chapters covering metabolic interactions, glutamate homeostasis, transporters, energy deprivation/mitochondrial dysfunction, astrocytes, and food toxins Explores the role of glial cells in mediating neurotoxicity and incorporates information on specific effects of many compounds
Download or read book Astrocytes in Patho Physiology of the Nervous System written by Vladimir Parpura and published by . This book was released on 2011-03-21 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Non Neuronal Cells of the Nervous System Function and Dysfunction written by L. Hertz and published by Elsevier Science. This book was released on 2003-12-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain, and the rest of the nervous system, consists of nerve cells (neurons) and non-neuronal cells (glial cells), which by far outnumber the neurons, but in the past have received much less attention. This began to change about 30 years ago with the realization that glial cells carry out very important functions, generally in collaboration with the nerve cells. Evidence is now starting to accumulate that glial cells, especially astrocytes and microglia, may be major (in some cases the main) players in a multitude of neurological and mental diseases, and that different types of glial cells interact not only with nerve cells but also with each other and with cells lining brain tissue and controlling exchange of nutrients and other compounds between the brain and the rest of the body. Understanding of these interactions during normal function and in disease states is hampered by the fact that general knowledge of cellular interactions during brain function is limited. These books present an attempt to remedy this situation. In the first two volumes, basic information about cell types and biochemical and physiological interactions between these cells is provided by leading experts in the field, and in the last part emerging evidence of the importance of such cellular interactions in several of the most important neurological and mental diseases is presented by leading researchers working actively in the field in question.
Download or read book The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity written by Michael Aschner and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-12-28 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presenting the latest research in glial cell function gleaned from new techniques in imaging and molecular biology, The Role of Glia in Neurotoxicity, Second Edition covers multiple aspects of glial cells, including morphology, physiology, pharmacology, biochemistry, pathology, and their involvement in the pathophysiology of neurological diseases.
Download or read book Astrocytes Biochemistry physiology and pharmacology of astrocytes written by Sergey Fedoroff and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Glial Neuronal Signaling in Neuroendocrine Systems written by Jeffrey G. Tasker and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume discusses current research on glial-neuronal interactions in several neuroendocrine systems. Glial-neuronal bidirectional transmission represents one of the fastest-growing areas of investigation in neuroscience today. Unraveling the interactions and signaling synergy between glial cells and neurons is critical to advancing our understanding of brain function. Consequently, this book summarizes the latest findings on the roles of astrocytes, microglia and tanycytes in the control of synaptic transmission, synaptic plasticity, blood-brain signaling, neuroinflammation and immune signaling. In addition, leading experts in the field discuss how reproductive function, the stress response and energy homeostasis are regulated by glial-neuronal communication. Given its scope, the book is essential reading for undergraduate and graduate students in the neurosciences, as well as postdoctoral fellows and established researchers who are looking for a comprehensive overview of glial-neuronal crosstalk in neuroendocrine systems. This is the eleventh volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series (Volumes 1-7 published by Wiley), which aims to illustrate the highest standards and highlight the latest technologies in basic and clinical research, and aspires to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.
Download or read book Biology and Pathology of Astrocyte Neuron Interactions written by Sergey Fedoroff and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is made up of papers presented at the Second International Altschul Symposium: Biology and Pathology of Astrocyte-Neuron Interactions. The symposium was held in Saskatoon, Canada at the University of Saskatchewn in May, 1992 in memory of Rudolf Altschul, a graduate of the University of Prague and a pioneer in the fields of the biology of the vascular and nervous systems. Dr. Altschul was Professor and Head of the Department of Anatomy at the University of Saskatchewan from 1955 to 1963. The Altschul Symposia were made possible by an endowment left by Anni Altschul and by other contributions. The symposia are held biennially. One of the greatest challenges for present day scientists is to uncover the mechanisms of brain function. Although cellular anatomy of the nervous system has already been well outlined and indeed was delineated by the beginning of the century, experimental analysis of the function of the brain is relatively recent. The framework of the brain is made up of stellate cells, the astrocytes, which are interconnected by means of their processes, thus presenting a meshwork through which the neurons send their axons, accompanied by oligodendrocytes. Microglia are distributed throughout the brain.
