Download or read book Improving Weed Management and Crop Productivity in Maize Systems in Zimbabwe written by Arnold Bray Mashingaidze and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Span lang=EN-GB style='mso-ansi-language:EN-GB'It was concluded that cultural weed management techniques that enhance radiation capture by the crop were effective in suppressing weed growth and seed production and increasing crop yields and should be incorporated into smallholder farmer's production practices in a systematic manner as part of Integrated Weed Management and cropping system design.
Download or read book Assessment of Weed Control Methods for Maize Production by Emerging Farmers on Commercial Farms written by Garikai Marava and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize (Zea mays L) is a staple food crop grown in South Africa by both large scale commercial and smallholder farmers. During the 2013/14 cropping season maize occupied about 2.6 million hectares of the total 3.9 million hectares of arable land that was under field crops in South Africa. Maize accounted for about 12.4 million tonnes of the 14.4 million tonnes of all field crops produced. Excessive competition from weeds is a major constraint, reducing maize yield and farmer income. Resource poor and inexperienced emerging farmers who have acquired land through the government land redistribution programmes are particularly affected. To date about 5.7 million hectares of land have been transferred to about 4.2 million black (previously disadvantaged) emerging farmers. Although emerging farmers have several options available for weed control, these still need to be appraised with regards to benefits, in the form of grain yield measured against the cost of weed management. An on-farm study was carried out at two sites in the North West province of South Africa during the 2011/12 and 2013/14 cropping seasons. The objectives were:- ? To determine the effect of different weed control methods on maize yields of emerging farmers at two localities in the North West province. ? To identify the most competitive or problematic weed species at two localities in the North West province. ? To compare the economic benefit of different weed control methods at the two localities. The experiment was laid out in a split-plot randomised block design. A stacked gene (stalk borer and herbicides resistance) and a conventional maize cultivar were planted in strips. Eight weed control methods that included hand-weeding, mechanical, chemical (herbicides) and combinations of these methods were randomly allocated across the strips. Weed species were counted and crop heights were recorded at three and eight weeks after crop emergence (WACE). Weed dry biomass was also determined. Grain yield and the yield components of ear mass and 100 kernels mass were recorded. A cost-benefit analysis of these weed control methods was carried out in the context of total production costs. The highest maize grain yields were obtained, where weed competitive effects were satisfactorily suppressed. The clean field and pre- and post-emergence herbicides methods produced the highest grain yields in the two seasons. In the first season the highest grain yields obtained were 73% higher than the lowest yield in no-weeding method for both cultivars. The second season was characterized by below average and erratic rainfall. The stacked gene cultivar outperformed the conventional cultivar by 63% where weeds were effectively controlled. Weed competition seemed to cancel the superiority of the stacked gene cultivar over the conventional cultivar in a drier season. The cost-benefit analysis revealed that a single cultivation operation at six WACE was the cheapest method, costing only R 495 ha-1 irrespective of the cultivar used. Keeping a clean field throughout the season was the most costly endeavour, at R 2 528 ha-1 and R 2 174 ha-1 for the conventional and the stacked gene cultivar respectively. The use of both pre- and post-emergence herbicides on stacked gene cultivars can provide farmers with a return of up to R 2.60 for every R 1 invested. Controlling weeds in a conventional maize cultivar, using tractor-drawn cultivator at six WACE, can give a return of up to R 1.64 for every R 1 invested. The weed control methods that provide the highest grain yields are not necessarily the most cost effective. It is preliminarily recommended that chemical weed control methods be considered if stacked gene cultivars are to be planted. However, mechanical weed control methods must be considered when planting conventional cultivars. The present study needs to be intensified, covering a wider geographical extent, to cater for variation that can be expected as a result of differences in climate, soil type and weed spectra.
Download or read book Maize In The Third World written by Christopher Dowswell and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-04-01 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Maize is the world's most widely grown cereal and a dietary staple throughout the Third World, but its full potential has only begun to be tapped. This book thoroughly examines the biological and economic issues relevant to improving the productivity of maize in developing countries. The authors explore a wide range of practical problems, from maxi
Download or read book Organic Farming written by Charles A. Francis and published by ASA-CSSA-SSSA. This book was released on 2009 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a current look at what we know about organic farming practices and systems, primarily from the U.S. and Canadian perspectives. the discussion begins with history and certification, ecological knowledge as the foundation for sustaining food systems, and biodiversity. The next chapters address crop-animal systems; forages, grain, oil seed, and specialty crops; organic cropping and soil nutrient needs; and vegetation and pest management. Readers will next learn about marketing organics, organic foods and food security, and education and research. The book concludes with a survey of the future of organic farming and a perspective on the agricultural industry and the future of the rural sector.--COVER.
Download or read book Precision Crop Protection the Challenge and Use of Heterogeneity written by Erich-Christian Oerke and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-03 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision farming is an agricultural management system using global navigation satellite systems, geographic information systems, remote sensing, and data management systems for optimizing the use of nutrients, water, seed, pesticides and energy in heterogeneous field situations. This book provides extensive information on the state-of-the-art of research on precision crop protection and recent developments in site-specific application technologies for the management of weeds, arthropod pests, pathogens and nematodes. It gives the reader an up-to-date and in-depth review of both basic and applied research developments. The chapters discuss I) biology and epidemiology of pests, II) new sensor technologies, III) applications of multi-scale sensor systems, IV) sensor detection of pests in growing crops, V) spatial and non-spatial data management, VI) impact of pest heterogeneity and VII) precise mechanical and chemical pest control.
Download or read book Genetically Engineered Crops written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-01-28 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetically engineered (GE) crops were first introduced commercially in the 1990s. After two decades of production, some groups and individuals remain critical of the technology based on their concerns about possible adverse effects on human health, the environment, and ethical considerations. At the same time, others are concerned that the technology is not reaching its potential to improve human health and the environment because of stringent regulations and reduced public funding to develop products offering more benefits to society. While the debate about these and other questions related to the genetic engineering techniques of the first 20 years goes on, emerging genetic-engineering technologies are adding new complexities to the conversation. Genetically Engineered Crops builds on previous related Academies reports published between 1987 and 2010 by undertaking a retrospective examination of the purported positive and adverse effects of GE crops and to anticipate what emerging genetic-engineering technologies hold for the future. This report indicates where there are uncertainties about the economic, agronomic, health, safety, or other impacts of GE crops and food, and makes recommendations to fill gaps in safety assessments, increase regulatory clarity, and improve innovations in and access to GE technology.
Download or read book Food Security and Soil Quality written by Rattan Lal and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2010-06-23 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Just five years ago, it was generally believed that the number of food insecure people in the world was on continuous decline. Unfortunately, widespread soil degradation along with resistance to recommended agronomic practices, and little attempt to restore degraded soils have conspired with significant droughts (in regions that could least tolerat
Download or read book Non Chemical Weed Control written by Khawar Jabran and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-01-03 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Non-Chemical Weed Control is the first book to present an overview of plant crop protection against non-food plants using non-chemical means. Plants growing wild—particularly unwanted plants found in cultivated ground to the exclusion of the desired crop—have been treated with herbicides and chemical treatments in the past. As concern over environmental, food and consumer safety increases, research has turned to alternatives, including the use of cover crops, thermal treatments and biotechnology to reduce and eliminate unwanted plants. This book provides insight into existing and emerging alternative crop protection methods and includes lessons learned from past methodologies. As crop production resources decline while consumer concerns over safety increase, the effective control of weeds is imperative to insure the maximum possible levels of soil, sunlight and nutrients reach the crop plants. - Allows reader to identify the most appropriate solution based on their individual use or case - Provides researchers, students and growers with current concepts regarding the use of modern, environment-friendly weed control techniques - Presents methods of weed management—an important part of integrated weed management in the future - Exploits the knowledge gained from past sustainable weed management efforts
Download or read book A Handbook for Weed Control in Rice written by Kwesi Ampong-Nyarko and published by Int. Rice Res. Inst.. This book was released on 1991 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significance of weeds in rice farming; Rice weeds of world importance; Weed control; Principles of herbicide use; Principal rice herbicides; Weed control in irrigated rice; Weed control in rainfed lowland rice; Weed control in upland rice; Weed control in deepwater and floating rice; Management of some difficult weeds.
Download or read book Farming Systems and Poverty written by John A. Dixon and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2001 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A joint FAO and World Bank study which shows how the farming systems approach can be used to identify priorities for the reduction of hunger and poverty in the main farming systems of the six major developing regions of the world.
Download or read book Ecological Management of Agricultural Weeds written by Matt Liebman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents principles and practices for ecologically based weed management in a wide range of temperate and tropical farming systems. Special attention is given to the evolutionary challenges that weeds pose and the roles that farmers can play in the development of new weed-management strategies.
Download or read book Integrated Approaches to Higher Maize Productivity in the New Millennium written by and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2004 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Weed Science in the Tropics written by I. Okezie Akobundu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1987 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excessive weed growth is one of the most serious problems facing farmers throughout the tropics. There is a need for professionally trained weed scientists to become involved in research at the highest level, where existing technologies can be further developed and new ones generated.
Download or read book Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management written by Harinder P. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-03-14 with total page 956 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Innovative Strategies for Managing Weeds in an Environmentally Protective Manner Successfully meeting the challenge of providing weed control without relying on dangerous chemicals that endanger the ecosystem or human lives, this compendium focuses on management strategies that reduce herbicidal usage, restore ecological balance, and increase food production. It also provides new insights and approaches for weed scientists, agronomists, agriculturists, horticulturists, farmers, and extentionists, as well as teachers and students. In the Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management, experts from Asia, Europe, North America, and Australia organize in one resource information related to weeds and their management from different ecosystems around the world that has been until now been scattered throughout the literature.. The text captures the multifaceted impacts of and approaches to managing weeds from field, farm, landscape, regional, and global perspectives. Generously illustrated with tables and figures, this book not only describes the various techniques for weed management but shows you what methods work best in a given region, or in response to a specific, invasive weed or invaded crop. Covering the full scope of modern weed science the handbook examines different aspects of weed management, including— • Cultural practices • Cover crops • Crop rotation designs • Potential of herbicide resistant crops • Bioherbicides • Allelopathy • Microorganisms • Integrated weed management In spite of advancement in technologies and procedures, weeds continue to pose a major ecological and economical threat to agriculture. Handbook of Sustainable Weed Management takes a broad view of weeds as a part of an agricultural system composed of interacting production, environmental, biological, economic, and social components all working together to find balance. This comprehensive book is a vital addition to the debate over how global weed management is changing in the 21st century. Also available in soft cover
Download or read book Non chemical Weed Management written by Mahesh K. Upadhyaya and published by CABI. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the principles, concepts, technology, potential, limitations and impacts of various non-chemical weed management options. It contains 12 chapters discussing topics on prevention strategies in weed management, exploitation of weed crop interactions to manage weed problems, cultural methods, cover crops, allelopathy, classical biological control using phytophagous arthropods, bioherbicides (such as mycoherbicides), mechanical weed control, non-living mulches, thermal weed control and soil solarization.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Weed Science written by Robert Zimdahl and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamentals of Weed Science provides an introduction to the basic principles of weed science for undergraduate courses. It discusses several aspects of weed biology and control, and traces the history of herbicide development. The book begins with an introduction to weeds, covering their definition, characteristics, harmful aspects, and the cost of weed control. This is followed chapters on weed classification, the uses of weeds, weed biology, weed ecology, allelopathy, the significance of plant competition, weed management and control methods, and biological weed control. Later chapters deal with herbicidesthe most important weed control tools and the ones with the greatest potential for untoward effects. Students of weed science must understand herbicides and the factors governing their use as well as the potential for misuse. These chapters discuss chemical weed control, the properties and uses of herbicides, factors affecting herbicide performance, herbicide application, herbicide formulation, ecological impact of herbicides, pesticide registration and legislation, weed management systems, and the future of weed science.
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones' geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. - Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity - Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts - Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented - Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
