Download or read book Assessing the Performance of Omni directional Receivers for Passing Acoustic Detection of Vocalizing Odontocetes written by Jorge F. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of passive, omni-directional receivers as means to detect vocalizing Odontocetes. It was necessary to establish probability of detection as a function of a) signal to noise ratio and b) probability of false alarm. For this purpose, a model of the probability distribution function of the detector output was derived from experimental data. For the experiment a series of short duration digital recordings of selected Odontocete vocalizations were broadcast from a moving platform. The vocalizations were monitored and recorded at an underwater array consisting of three vertically distributed hydrophones. Over a period of three days, several hundred iterations of each signal - with the transmitter at ranges varying from 300 meters to 12000 meters - were recorded. A monitoring hydrophone was used to monitor the signal source level. The raw data was fed to two "detectors" consisting of different data processing routines. The output of each detector was subjected to statistical analysis. Other factors also considered in the analysis were: signal used, range, and wind. A statistical test was employed to systematically find a best fit probability distribution function model of detector output. From this empirical model, detector performance was estimated.
Download or read book Assessing the Performance of Omni Directional Receivers for Passive Acoustic Detection of Vocalizing Odontocetes written by Jorge F. Garcia and published by . This book was released on 2002-12 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of inexpensive, passive, omni-directional receivers as a means to detect vocalizing Odontocetes using conditional statistics. To evaluate and predict performance, it was necessary to establish probability of detection as a function of a) signal to noise ratio or range at a given source level and b) probability of false alarm. For this purpose, a model of the probability distribution function of the detector output was derived from experimental data, For the experiment a series of short duration digital recordings of selected odontocete vocalizations were broadcast underwater from a moving platform. The vocalizations were monitored and digitally recorded at a stationary underwater array consisting of three vertically distributed hydrophones. Over a period of three days, several hundred iterations of each signal with the transmitter at ranges varying from 300 meters to 12000 meters were recorded. A monitoring hydrophone (co-located with the transmitter) was used to monitor the signal source level. The raw data was fed to two "automatic detectors" consisting of different data processing routines developed in MATLAB. The output of each detector was subjected to statistical analysis. Other factors also considered in the analysis were: signal used, range, and wind (as a proxy indicator of noise generated by surface wave action). A statistical test was employed to systematically find a best fit probability distribution function model of detector output. From this empirical model, detector performance was estimated.
Download or read book Assessing the Performance of Omni Directional Receivers for Passive Acoustic Detection of Vocalizing Odontocetes written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acoustic detection and localization of marine mammals will assist mitigation efforts for various Naval and scientific missions that may impact protected species. This study sought to experimentally quantify the sonar performance of omni-directional receivers as a means to passively detect vocalizing Odontocetes in coastal waters. To accomplish this objective control led experiments using a calibrated mid-frequency sound source were conducted on the San Clemente Island Underwater Range (SCIUR) in July 2002. Six Odontocete signals were selected for transmission based upon availability and quality of archived recordings: 2 orca and 2 pilot whale whistles and sperm whale and Risso's dolphin clicks. Several hundred iterations of each signal were broadcast from R/V Point Sur at stations 300 m to 12,000 m from the range's moored three-element array. Statistical analyses were performed on the output of an energy and matched filter detector to quantify detection probability and range limits as a function of false alarm rate signal type and signal to noise ratio. The matched filter generally outperformed the energy detector with respect to the required signal to noise ratios and maximum detection range for given probabilities of detection P(D) and false alarm rate P(FA). The matched filter detected the orca2 and pilot1 whistles beyond 5000 m with a 90% P(D), 1% P(FA) and source level (SL) of 140 dB re 1 muPa. For the same conditions the orca1 and sperm whale calls were detected at 1500 m but the pilot2 and Risso's dolphin signals were not detected at the peak realized SNR of -2 dB. The energy detector had no detections with a 90% P(D) and 1% P(FA) at this -2 dB SNR, but all signals except one orca whistle were detectable beyond 1000 m with a 50% P(D) and 1% P(FA). The sperm whale was the exceptional energy detector performer with detection ranges exceeding 7 km (140 dB re 1 muPa SL) at the 50% P(D) and 1% P(FA).
Download or read book Assessing the Performance of Omni Directional Receivers for Passive Acoustic Detection of Vocalizing Odontocetes Initial Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of inexpensive, passive, omni-directional receivers as a means to detect vocalizing Odontocetes using conditional statistics. To evaluate and predict performance, it was necessary to establish probability of detection as a function of a) signal to noise ratio or range at a given source level and b) probability of false alarm. For this purpose, a model of the probability distribution function of the detector output was derived from experimental data, For the experiment a series of short duration digital recordings of selected odontocete vocalizations were broadcast underwater from a moving platform. The vocalizations were monitored and digitally recorded at a stationary underwater array consisting of three vertically distributed hydrophones. Over a period of three days, several hundred iterations of each signal with the transmitter at ranges varying from 300 meters to 12000 meters were recorded. A monitoring hydrophone (co-located with the transmitter) was used to monitor the signal source level. The raw data was fed to two "automatic detectors" consisting of different data processing routines developed in MATLAB. The output of each detector was subjected to statistical analysis. Other factors also considered in the analysis were: signal used, range, and wind (as a proxy indicator of noise generated by surface wave action). A statistical test was employed to systematically find a best fit probability distribution function model of detector output. From this empirical model, detector performance was estimated.
Download or read book Passive Acoustic Monitoring of Cetaceans written by Walter M. X. Zimmer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-04-21 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive acoustic monitoring is increasingly used by the scientific community to study, survey and census marine mammals, especially cetaceans, many of which are easier to hear than to see. PAM is also used to support efforts to mitigate potential negative effects of human activities such as ship traffic, military and civilian sonar and offshore exploration. Walter Zimmer provides an integrated approach to PAM, combining physical principles, discussion of technical tools and application-oriented concepts of operations. Additionally, relevant information and tools necessary to assess existing and future PAM systems are presented, with Matlab code used to generate figures and results so readers can reproduce data and modify code to analyse the impact of changes. This allows the principles to be studied whilst discovering potential difficulties and side effects. Aimed at graduate students and researchers, the book provides all information and tools necessary to gain a comprehensive understanding of this interdisciplinary subject.
Download or read book Effects of Noise on Marine Mammals written by William John Richardson and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.
Download or read book Hearing by Whales and Dolphins written by Whitlow W.L. Au and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, experts in different areas of the field provide an overview of the bioacoustics of whales and dolphins as well as a thorough introduction to the subject for investigators of hearing in other animals. Topics covered include the structure and function of cetacean auditory systems, the unique sound production system of odontocetes, acoustic communication, psychoacoustics, echolocation and models of sound propagation.
Download or read book Fish Bioacoustics written by Jacqueline F. Webb and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-22 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new definitive volume on fish auditory systems will interest investigators in both basic research of fish bioacoustics as well as investigators in applied aspects of fisheries and resource management. Topics cover structure, physiology, localization, and acoustic behavior as well as more applied topics such as using sound to detect and locate fish.
Download or read book Marine Mammals and Noise written by W. John Richardson and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many marine mammals communicate by emitting sounds that pass through water. Such sounds can be received across great distances and can influence the behavior of these undersea creatures. In the past few decades, the oceans have become increasingly noisy, as underwater sounds from propellers, sonars, and other human activities make it difficult for marine mammals to communicate. This book discusses, among many other topics, just how well marine mammals hear, how noisy the oceans have become, and what effects these new sounds have on marine mammals. The baseline of ambient noise, the sounds produced by machines and mammals, the sensitivity of marine mammal hearing, and the reactions of marine mammals are also examined. An essential addition to any marine biologist's library, Marine Mammals and Noise will be especially appealing to marine mammalogists, researchers, policy makers and regulators, and marine biologists and oceanographers using sound in their research.
Download or read book Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins written by Jeanette A. Thomas and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although bats and dolphins live in very different environments, are vastly different in size, and hunt different kinds of prey, both groups have evolved similar sonar systems, known as echolocation, to locate food and navigate the skies and seas. While much research has been conducted over the past thirty years on echolocation in bats and dolphins, this volume is the first to compare what is known about echolocation in each group, to point out what information is missing, and to identify future areas of research. Echolocation in Bats and Dolphins consists of six sections: mechanisms of echolocation signal production; the anatomy and physiology of signal reception and interpretation; performance and cognition; ecological and evolutionary aspects of echolocation mammals; theoretical and methodological topics; and possible echolocation capabilities in other mammals, including shrews, seals, and baleen whales. Animal behaviorists, ecologists, physiologists, and both scientists and engineers who work in the field of bioacoustics will benefit from this book.
Download or read book The Sonar of Dolphins written by Whitlow W.L. Au and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extraordinary ability of dolphins to echolocate has fascinated scientists and the public since its discovery in the late 1950's. This is the first book to summarize modern research in this area, and presents a broad synthesis of this very interdisciplinary subject. The author is an internationally-recognized expert on dolphin sonar and is thus in a unique position to bring together research on the physiological, mathematical and engineering aspects of the subject. Of interest to auditory researchers, electrical engineers, acoustical physicists, and mammalian physiologists.
Download or read book Ecoacoustics written by Almo Farina and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-07-24 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sounds produced by geophonic, biophonic and technophonic sources are relevant to the function of natural and human modified ecosystems. Passive recording is one of the most non-invasive technologies as its use avoids human intrusion during acoustic surveys and facilitates the accumulation of huge amounts of acoustical data. For the first time, this book collates and reviews the science behind ecoaucostics; illustrating the principles, methods and applications of this exciting new field. Topics covered in this comprehensive volume include; the assessment of biodiversity based on sounds emanating from a variety of environments the best technologies and methods necessary to investigate environmental sounds implications for climate change and urban systems the relationship between landscape ecology and ecoacoustics the conservation of soundscapes and the social value of ecoacoustics areas of potential future research. An invaluable resource for scholars, researchers and students, Ecoacoustics: The Ecological Role of Sounds provides an unrivalled set of ideas, tools and references based on the current state of the field.
Download or read book Sound production in odontocetes with emphasis on the harbour porpoise phocoena phocoena written by Mats Amundin and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Northern Fur Seal written by Ralph C. Baker and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Booklet describing early history of fur sealing; the distribution and movement of northern fur seals; Callorhinus Ursinus, their food, physical characteristics, reproduction and mortality and disease, management and research; sealing on the Pribilof Islands and processing and sale of fur seal skins.
Download or read book Ethology and Behavioral Ecology of Odontocetes written by Bernd Würsig and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book concentrates on the marine mammalian group of Odontocetes, the toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises. In 23 chapters, a total of 40 authors describe general patterns of ethological concepts of odontocetes in their natural environments, with a strong bent towards behavioral ecology. Examples are given of particularly well-studied species and species groups for which enough data exist, especially from the past 15 years. The aim is to give a modern flavor of present knowledge of ethology and behavior of generally large-brained behaviorally flexible mammals that have evolved quite separately from social mammals on land. As well, the plight of populations and species due to humans is described in multiple chapters, with the goal that an understanding of behavior can help to solve or alleviate at least some human-made problems.
Download or read book Maritime Traffic Effects on Biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea written by Ameer Abdulla and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2008 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
