Download or read book Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination written by Abida Farooqi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents an up-to-the-minute overview of arsenic and fluoride pollution of soil and groundwater in Pakistan. It includes the author’s doctoral dissertation on Lahore as a case study and describes the mechanism of pollution on the basis of the findings in that area. The book highlights the concrete situation in Pakistan – including the severity of the problem, its health effects and the risks posed to the people living in affected areas by these two major pollutants– and points out essential research areas that call for immediate attention. As such, it draws attention to the need for management strategies in the affected areas and offers a valuable reference work on Pakistan for students and researchers alike.
Download or read book Ground Water Development Issues and Sustainable Solutions written by S. P. Sinha Ray and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-07 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ground water resources are receiving global attention, as human population growth and development cause significant changes to the earth system. It plays a major role in ensuring livelihood security in many parts of South Asia and its contribution to poverty alleviation is substantial. The complex nature of ground water problems in the Indian Sub-continent requires a precise delineation of the ground water regimes in different hydro geological settings and socio-economic conditions and is a primary necessity for sustainable and equitable management. Strategies to respond to ground water over-exploitation and deteriorating water quality must be based on a new approach. Practical policies and various solution options urgently need to be formulated and implemented to prevent the development problems. There is pressing need to evolve workable methods and approaches based on modern scientific researches on ground water resources, as well as to build a social framework including community participation at all levels for a ground water development system. The community participation in water pumping policies, incentives of efficient use, affordability of low income users and other vulnerable groups, water awareness are prime factors for success of any ground water based water supply project.
Download or read book Groundwater Geochemistry written by Sughosh Madhav and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains both practical and theoretical aspects of groundwater resources relating to geochemistry. Focusing on recent research in groundwater resources, this book helps readers to understand the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater resources. Dealing primarily with the sources of ions in groundwater, the book describes geogenic and anthropogenic input of ions into water. Different organic, inorganic and emerging contamination and salinity problems are described, along with pollution-related issues affecting groundwater. New trends in groundwater contamination remediation measures are included, which will be particularly useful to researchers working in the field of water conservation. The book also contains diverse groundwater modelling examples, enabling a better understanding of water-related issues and their management. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation offers the reader: An understanding of the quantitative and qualitative challenges of groundwater resources An introduction to the environmental geochemistry of groundwater resources A survey of groundwater pollution-related issues Recent trends in groundwater conservation and remediation Mathematical and statistical modeling related to groundwater resources Students, lecturers and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, water pollution and groundwater will find Groundwater Geochemistry an essential companion.
Download or read book Groundwater Development and Management written by Pradip K. Sikdar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-27 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the challenges for efficient groundwater management, with a focus on South Asia and India, providing a balanced presentation of theory and field practice using a multidisciplinary approach. Groundwater of South Asia is increasingly confronted with overuse and deteriorating quality and therefore requires urgent attention. Management of the stressed groundwater systems is an extremely complex proposition because of the intricate hydrogeological set-up of the region. Strategies for sustainable management must involve a combination of supply-side and demand-side measures depending on the regional setting and socio-economic situations. As a consequence, the challenges of efficient groundwater management require not only a clear understanding of the aquifer configuration, but also demand for the development of a comprehensive database of the groundwater occurrences and flow systems in each hydrogeological setting. In addition, drilling and well construction methods that are appropriate to different hydrogeological formations need to be implemented as well as real-time monitoring of the status of the groundwater use. Also corrective measures for groundwater that is threatened with depletion and quality deterioration need to be installed. Finally, the legal framework of groundwater needs to be rearticulated according to the common property aspect of groundwater. These challenges should revolve around effective groundwater governance by creating an atmosphere to support and empower community-based systems of decision-making and revisit the existing legal framework and groundwater management institutions by fostering community initiatives. This book is relevant for academics, professionals, administrators, policy makers, and economists concerned with various aspects of groundwater science and management.
Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking Water written by A.K. Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore the Health Effects of Fluoride PollutionFluoride in Drinking Water: Status, Issues, and Solutions establishes the negative impacts of naturally occurring fluoride on human health and considers the depth and scope of fluoride pollution on an international scale. The book discusses current global water quality and fluoride-related issues and
Download or read book Arsenic and Fluoride Contamination in the Independence Basin Aquifer System of Guanajuato Mexico written by Forest Thomas Shepherd and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elevated concentrations of arsenic (As) and fluoride (F) have been documented within the volcano-sedimentary aquifers of the Independence Basin Aquifer System in Guanajuato, Mexico which lies in the Mesa Central (MC) physiographic province on the northern edge of the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt (TVMB). The geogenic sources of these contaminants are not well understood. This study adds to the existing record of the distribution of As and F contamination in the major aquifers of the basin by analyzing 24 water samples from five urban and rural areas. The mean As and F concentrations in the Cuenca Alto Rio Laja (CARL) aquifer on the western side of the basin were ~10 μg/L (median = 36 μg/L) and ~0.5 mg/L (median = 0.8 mg/L), respectively. In contrast, the mean As and F concentrations in the Laguna Seca (LS) aquifer on the eastern side of the basin were ~44 μg/L (median = 11 μg/L) and ~5.8 mg/L (2.6 mg/L), respectively. The high sodium, alkalinity, and low calcium concentrations observed in both aquifers are typical for fractured acid volcanic geothermal systems which have been observed in many Mexican states. Boron, lithium, and groundwater temperature showed positive correlations with As (R2 = 0.47, 0.68, and 0.55) and F (R2 = 0.31, 0.73, and 0.57) concentrations. These trace elements and elevated groundwater temperatures are indicators of water with hydrothermal origins. The drill cuttings from two boreholes ~500 m in depth were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, petrographic, and elemental analysis. This work revealed that the volcanic rocks of the CARL aquifer are primarily comprised of plagioclase, quartz, potassium-feldspar, calcite, volcanic glass, apatite, and iron oxyhydroxides. Additionally, there are layers of volcanic rocks comprised of pyroxene, plagioclase, quartz; amphibole, biotite, and apatite. The sedimentary rocks of the LS aquifer are comprised primarily of plagioclase, potassium feldspar, muscovite, biotite, volcanic glass, apatite, calcite, and quartz. These sedimentary rocks were deposited on volcanic rocks comprised of plagioclase, pyroxene, quartz, calcite, apatite, olivine, amphibole, hematite, chlorite, biotite, and ilmenite. To determine source zones the distribution of leachable F from the drill cuttings of both boreholes was examined through batch reactors. The leached F concentration profile revealed that the upper 140 m and lower 400 m of the western and eastern sides of the basin were the dominant source zones of leachable F. Overpumping in the IBAS has caused water table levels in this aquifer the decline over time. As these groundwater wells continue to be constructed to deeper depths to reach groundwater the release of As and F from these sources and the mechanisms controlling As and F from these subsurface lithologies needs to be understood. The release of both As and F from the rocks of the western and eastern side of the basin at 400 to ~500 m depths were examined through pH-adjusted batch reactors with groundwater from the CARL which contained initial As and F concentrations of ~7.9 μg/L and ~0.8 mg/L; respectively. The dissolution of F-bearing minerals and adsorption reactions with iron oxyhydroxides display a dominant control on the changes in As and F concentrations in the groundwater of the CARL aquifer. At pH 5, the rocks from the 400 - 500 m depth within the CARL aquifer reduced the initial concentrations of As and F to values of ~5.8 μg/L and ~0.5 mg/L, respectively, after 200 hours. Whereas at a pH of 9 these rocks leached F increasing its concentration to ~0.9 mg/L. The As concentration was reduced to ~6.3 μg/L. In contrast to the CARL aquifer rocks, the rocks of the LS aquifer released F at all three pH values as F-bearing minerals dissolved. Alongside F-bearing mineral dissolution, adsorption on to iron oxyhydroxide surfaces could be occurring as F concentrations continuously decreased after 50 hours of reaction. The As concentrations in the rocks from the 400 - 550 m depths of the LS aquifer released minor amounts of As at pH 7 and 9, increasing the concentration slightly until 50 hours of reaction. During the remaining 150 hours of reaction the As concentrations displayed a continuous decrease in concentration. At pH 5, however, As concentrations decreased to ~5.7 μg/L after 200 hours of reaction. The spatial and kinetic leaching patterns observed in this study, combined with the mapping of known As- and F-bearing minerals within major rock aquifer groups on the east and west side of the basin, will suggest initial release or mobilization mechanisms to future researchers. The mechanisms of initial release and transport of As and F through aquifers of the Independence Basin should be studied through a combination of laboratory experiments and reactive flow and transport modeling to determine the migration of As and F from source rocks to groundwater wells.
Download or read book Arsenic in Drinking Water written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-12-26 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Having safe drinking water is important to all Americans. The Environmental Protection Agency's decision in the summer of 2001 to delay implementing a new, more stringent standard for the maximum allowable level for arsenic in drinking water generated a great deal of criticism and controversy. Ultimately at issue were newer data on arsenic beyond those that had been examined in a 1999 National Research Council report. EPA asked the National Research Council for an evaluation of the new data available. The committee's analyses and conclusions are presented in Arsenic in Drinking Water: 2001 Update. New epidemiological studies are critically evaluated, as are new experimental data that provide information on how and at what level arsenic in drinking water can lead to cancer. The report's findings are consistent with those of the 1999 report that found high risks of cancer at the previous federal standard of 50 parts per billion. In fact, the new report concludes that men and women who consume water containing 3 parts per billion of arsenic daily have about a 1 in 1,000 increased risk of developing bladder or lung cancer during their lifetime.
Download or read book Surface Modified Carbons as Scavengers for Fluoride from Water written by Venkataraman Sivasankar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-19 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the problems and feasible remediation of fluoride contamination in groundwater. The book investigates applications of various carbons derived from bio-mass and bio-polymers. It also inquires into surface modified carbons that use inorganic ions to help remove excess fluoride ions in drinking water and wastewater effluents. The compliance of kinetic and isotherm models with fluoride sorption is covered, and the suggested mechanisms of defluoridation by surface modified carbon materials is described.
Download or read book Fluoride in Drinking water written by John Kirtley Fawell and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2006 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fluoride is known to occur at elevated concentration in a number of parts of the world, where it can be a significant cause of disease. The primary focus of this book is the prevention of adverse health effects from excessive levels of fluoride in drinking water. The book fills the urgent need, identified for updating the WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, for information on the occurrence of fluoride, its health effects, ways of reducing excess levels, and methods for analysis of fluoride in water. The draft document, produced by a working group of experts convened to consider protection from fluoride and its control, was issued for extensive review and consultation. The resultant book, which incorporates the comments received, was further peer reviewed by experts in developed and developing countries. It is aimed at a wide range of individuals, including health workers and sanitary engineers who may require a broad introduction to the subject with more detailed guidance in some specific areas. Fluoride in Drinking-waterwill be an invaluable reference source for all those concerned with the management of drinking water containing fluoride and the health effects arising from its consumption, including water sector managers and practitioners, as well as health sector staff at policy and implementation levels. It will also be of interest to researchers, students, development workers, and consultants.
Download or read book Geogenic Contamination Handbook written by Hans Peter Bader and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic Pollution written by Peter Ravenscroft and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-09 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic Pollution summarizes the most current research on the distribution and causes of arsenic pollution, its impact on health and agriculture, and solutions by way of water supply, treatment, and water resource management. Provides the first global and interdisciplinary account of arsenic pollution occurrences Integrates geochemistry, hydrology, agriculture, and water supply and treatment for the first time Options are highlighted for developing alternative water sources and methods for arsenic testing and removal Appeals to specialists in one discipline seeking an overview of the work being done in other disciplines
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology Volume 211 written by David M. Whitacre and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-02-03 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.
Download or read book Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water written by Prosun Bhattacharya and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-15 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arsenic in drinking water derived from groundwater is arguably the biggest environmental chemical human health risk known at the present time, with well over 100,000,000 people around the world being exposed. Monitoring the hazard, assessing exposure and health risks and implementing effective remediation are therefore key tasks for organisations and individuals with responsibilities related to the supply of safe, clean drinking water. Best Practice Guide on the Control of Arsenic in Drinking Water, covering aspects of hazard distribution, exposure, health impacts, biomonitoring and remediation, including social and economic issues, is therefore a very timely contribution to disseminating useful knowledge in this area. The volume contains 10 short reviews of key aspects of this issue, supplemented by a further 14 case studies, each of which focusses on a particular area or technological or other practice, and written by leading experts in the field. Detailed selective reference lists provide pointers to more detailed guidance on relevant practice. The volume includes coverage of (i) arsenic hazard in groundwater and exposure routes to humans, including case studies in USA, SE Asia and UK; (ii) health impacts arising from exposure to arsenic in drinking water and biomonitoring approaches; (iii) developments in the nature of regulation of arsenic in drinking water; (iv) sampling and monitoring of arsenic, including novel methodologies; (v) approaches to remediation, particularly in the context of water safety planning, and including case studies from the USA, Italy, Poland and Bangladesh; and (vi) socio-economic aspects of remediation, including non-market valuation methods and local community engagement.
Download or read book Emerging Issues in the Water Environment during Anthropocene written by Manish Kumar and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-28 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book intends to bring together and integrate the subject matter of water quality. The book covers aspects of water related to climate change, emerging aspects of engineering sciences, bio-geochemical sciences, hydro geochemistry, river management and morphology, social sciences, and public policy. The book covers the role of disruptive innovations in water management, policy formation and impact mitigation strategies. The book includes lab results as well as case studies. It provides recommendations and solutions for policy making and sustainable water management. The chapters in this book deal cohesively with many aspects of the water environment during the Anthropocene era. The contents cover myriad issues, such as land degradation, water scarcity, urbanization, climate change, and disruptive innovation. The book also discusses issues highly pertinent to society and sustainability, such as the prevalence of enteric viruses and pharmaceutical residues as a possible anthropogenic markers in the aquatic environment. The book will prove useful for students, professionals, and researchers working on various aspects of water related concerns.
Download or read book Arsenic and Fluoride Removal from Contaminated Drinking Water with Haix Fe Zr and Haix Zr Resin Beads written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geochemical Processes written by Horst D. Schulz and published by Wiley-VCH. This book was released on 2002-12-25 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a result of the Priority Programme 546 run by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. It presents the various ideas, concepts and conclusions that resulted from this Programme on the subject of geochemical processes with long-term effects in anthropogenically influenced drainage and ground water.
Download or read book Subsurface Hydrology written by George F. Pinder and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With an emphasis on methodology, this reference provides a comprehensive examination of water movement as well as the movement of various pollutants in the earth's subsurface. The multidisciplinary approach integrates earth science, fluid mechanics, mathematics, statistics, and chemistry. Ideal for both professionals and students, this is a practical guide to the practices, procedures, and rules for dealing with groundwater.
