Download or read book Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex written by H. Braak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a timely opus. Most of us now are too young to remember the unpleasant ring of a polemic between those who produced "hair-splitting" parcellations of the cortex (to paraphrase one of O. Vogt's favourite expressions) and those who saw the cortex as a homogeneous matrix sus taining the reverberations of EEG waves (to paraphrase Bailey and von Bonin). One camp accused the other of producing bogus preparations with a paint brush, and the other way around the accusation was that of poor eye-sight. Artefacts of various sorts were invoked to explain the opponent's error, ranging from perceptual effects (Mach bands crispening the areal borders) to poor fixation supposedly due to perfusion too soon (!) after death. I have heard most of this directly from the protagonists' mouths. The polemic was not resolved but it has mellowed with age and ultimately faded out. I was relieved to see that Professor Braak elegantly avoids dis cussion of an extrememist tenet, that of "hair-sharp" areal boundaries, which makes little sense in developmental biology and is irrelevant to neurophysiology. It was actually detrimental to cortical neuroanatomy, since its negation led to the idea that structurally distinct areas are not at all existent. Yet, nobody would deny the reality of five fingers on one hand even if the detailed assignment of every epidermal cell to one finger or another is obviously impossible.
Download or read book Architectonics of the Human Telencephalic Cortex written by Heiko Braak and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 147 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Local Cortical Circuits written by Moshe Abeles and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurophysiologists are often accused by colleagues in the physical sci ences of designing experiments without any underlying hypothesis. This impression is attributable to the ease of getting lost in the ever-increasing sea of professional publications which do not state explicitly the ultimate goal of the research. On the other hand, many of the explicit models for brain function in the past were so far removed from experimental reality that they had very little impact on further research. It seems that one needs much intimate experience with the real nerv-. ous system before a reasonable model can be suggested. It would have been impossible for Copernicus to suggest his model of the solar system without the detailed observations and tabulations of star and planet motion accu mulated by the preceeding generations. This need for intimate experience with the nervous system before daring to put forward some hypothesis about its mechanism of action is especially apparent when theorizing about cerebral cortex function. There is widespread agreement that processing of information in the cor tex is associated with complex spatio-temporal patterns of activity. Yet the vast majority of experimental work is based on single neuron recordings or on recordings made with gross electrodes to which tens of thousands of neurons contribute in an unknown fashion. Although these experiments have taught us a great deal about the organization and function of the cor tex, they have not enabled us to examine the spatio-temporal organization of neuronal activity in any detail.
Download or read book Architectonics of the Cerebral Cortex written by Mary Agnes Burniston Brazier and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1978 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neurobiology of Cingulate Cortex and Limbic Thalamus written by VOGT and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-27 with total page 646 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ageing and Dementia written by Kurt Jellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2002-08-20 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Epidemiological studies, modern clinical, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, molecular biological, and genetic studies have considerably enhanced our knowledge about ageing processes of the human brain, its sequelae, diagnostic, and therapeutic possibilities and limits. In addition to Alzheimer's disease and other degenerative dementias, the impact of cerebrovascular lesions and their risk factors in the pathogenesis of cognitive disorders of the aged are increasingly acknowledged, and the recognition of mild cognitive impairment as a frequent initial stage of developing dementia is becoming an increasingly important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. The included papers were presented at the 7th International Symposium in Graz, Sept. 2001 and give a timely overview of the current and future concepts of pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment strategies of pathological brain ageing and dementias, early recognition of mild cognitive impairment and future possiblities of prevention of dementing processes.
Download or read book Local Cortical Circuits written by Moshe Abeles and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neurophysiologists are often accused by colleagues in the physical sci ences of designing experiments without any underlying hypothesis. This impression is attributable to the ease of getting lost in the ever-increasing sea of professional publications which do not state explicitly the ultimate goal of the research. On the other hand, many of the explicit models for brain function in the past were so far removed from experimental reality that they had very little impact on further research. It seems that one needs much intimate experience with the real nerv-. ous system before a reasonable model can be suggested. It would have been impossible for Copernicus to suggest his model of the solar system without the detailed observations and tabulations of star and planet motion accu mulated by the preceeding generations. This need for intimate experience with the nervous system before daring to put forward some hypothesis about its mechanism of action is especially apparent when theorizing about cerebral cortex function. There is widespread agreement that processing of information in the cor tex is associated with complex spatio-temporal patterns of activity. Yet the vast majority of experimental work is based on single neuron recordings or on recordings made with gross electrodes to which tens of thousands of neurons contribute in an unknown fashion. Although these experiments have taught us a great deal about the organization and function of the cor tex, they have not enabled us to examine the spatio-temporal organization of neuronal activity in any detail.
Download or read book The Human Nervous System written by George Paxinos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-01-19 with total page 1385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This long-awaited update of the classic, The Human Nervous System, stands as an impressive survey of our knowledge of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nervous system. The book has been completely redone and brought up-to-date. An impressive and respected cast of international authors have contributed 37 chapters on topics ranging from Brain Evolution, all phases of Brain Development, to all areas of the adult brain and peripheral pathways, along with careful descriptions of the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system, brainstem and cerebellum. The Human Nervous System, Second Edition will again serve as the gold standard, providing a one-stop source of up-to-date information about our knowledge of the human nervous system. This second edition of the standard reference on the human nervous system is extensively and completely revised and updated from the 1990 first edition. Written by the leading researchers, many chapters have been completely rewritten, new chapters have been added. A new section on Evolution and Development provides a broader perspective, and all chapters include references and perspectives to neurological disease.
Download or read book Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer s Disease written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-22 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease
Download or read book Microstructural Parcellation of the Human Cerebral Cortex written by Stefan Geyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unraveling the functional properties of structural elements in the brain is one of the fundamental goals of neuroscientific research. In the cerebral cortex this is no mean feat, since cortical areas are defined microstructurally in post-mortem brains but functionally in living brains with electrophysiological or neuroimaging techniques – and cortical areas vary in their topographical properties across individual brains. Being able to map both microstructure and function in the same brains noninvasively in vivo would represent a huge leap forward. In recent years, high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies with spatial resolution below 0.5 mm have set the stage for this by detecting structural differences within the human cerebral cortex, beyond the Stria of Gennari. This provides the basis for an in vivo microanatomical brain map, with the enormous potential to make direct correlations between microstructure and function in living human brains. This book starts with Brodmann’s post-mortem map published in the early 20th century, moves on to the almost forgotten microstructural maps of von Economo and Koskinas and the Vogt-Vogt school, sheds some light on more recent approaches that aim at mapping cortical areas noninvasively in living human brains, and culminates with the concept of “in vivo Brodmann mapping” using high-field MRI, which was introduced in the early 21st century.
Download or read book An Illustrated Terminologia Neuroanatomica written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-04 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is unique in that it provides the reader with the most up-to-date terminology used to describe the human nervous system (central and peripheral) and the related sensory organs, i.e., the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA), the official terminology of the IFAA (International Federation of Associations of Anatomists). The book provides a succinct but detailed review of the neuroanatomical structures of the human body and will greatly benefit not only various specialists such as (neuro)anatomists, neurologists and neuroscientists, but also students taking neuroanatomy and neuroscience courses. The book offers a high yield, combined presentation of neuroanatomical illustrations and text and provides the reader a ‘one-stop source’ for studying the intricacies of the human nervous system and its sensory organs. It includes an alphabetical list of official English terms and synonyms with the official Latin terms and synonyms from the TNA. With regard to the entries, the name of the item in standardized English is provided, followed by synonyms and the official TNA Latin term, Latin synonyms and eponyms, a short description and in many cases one or more illustrations. To facilitate the use of illustrations, certain entries such as the gyri or sulci of the cerebral cortex are presented together with extensive cross-references. Terms that form part of a certain structure (such as the amygdaloid body, the thalamus and the hypothalamus) are listed under the respective structure. Segments and branches of arteries are discussed under the main artery, for example the A1–A5 segments under the anterior cerebral artery. Most nerves can be found following their origin from the brachial, cervical and lumbosacral plexuses. However, the major nerves of the limbs are discussed separately, as are the cranial nerves. Nuclei can be found by their English name or under Nuclei by their eponym.
Download or read book Insights in Synaptic Neuroscience 2022 written by Karri P. Lamsa and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-06-20 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We are now entering the third decade of the 21st Century, and, especially in the last years, the achievements made by scientists have been exceptional, leading to major advancements in the fast-growing field of Neuroscience. Frontiers has organized a series of Research Topics to highlight the latest advancements in science in order to be at the forefront of science in different fields of research. This editorial initiative of particular relevance, led by Professors Jesper Sjöström, Karri P Lamsa, Alfredo Kirkwood, and supported by the Editorial Board of Frontiers in Synaptic Neuroscience is focused on new insights, novel developments, current challenges, latest discoveries, recent advances, and future perspectives in the field of synaptic neuroscience.
Download or read book An Introduction to Model Based Cognitive Neuroscience written by Birte U. Forstmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two recent innovations, the emergence of formal cognitive models and the addition of cognitive neuroscience data to the traditional behavioral data, have resulted in the birth of a new, interdisciplinary field of study: model-based cognitive neuroscience. Despite the increasing scientific interest in model-based cognitive neuroscience, few active researchers and even fewer students have a good knowledge of the two constituent disciplines. The main goal of this edited collection is to promote the integration of cognitive modeling and cognitive neuroscience. Experts in the field will provide tutorial-style chapters that explain particular techniques and highlight their usefulness through concrete examples and numerous case studies. The book will also include a thorough list of references pointing the reader towards additional literature and online resources.
Download or read book The Satellite Cells of the Sensory Ganglia written by Ennio Pannese and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The earliest mention of a cell sheath enveloping the body of the neurons in sensory ganglia is probably the following description by Valentin: "Sowohl die Kugeln der Be legungsformation 1, als die Primitivfasem, werden von eigenthi. imlichen, sie isolirenden Scheiden umgeben, welche aile Stufen der Dicke von einer fast gar nicht mehr wahr nehrnbaren Zartheit bis zu einer ziemlich bedeutenden Starke durchlaufen. Diese Hill len sind aber immer zellgewebeartiger Natur" (1836, p 162). In some illustrations of the above mentioned paper the nuclei of the satellite cells adjacent to the surface of the nerve cell body, both in the trigeminal ganglion and in the ganglia of the vegeta tive nervous system, are clearly shown (Fig. lA). The author, however, miSinterpreted these nuclei as pigment granules (Pigmentkorperchen). A little later, Remak (1838) denied the existence of the perineuronal cell sheath. This prompted a ready reply from Valentin (1839), who offered a more detailed description of the perineuronal cell sheath, illustrated it with new drawings (Fig. IB), and gave a correct interpreta tion of the nuclei. In fact, he wrote: Fig. lA-B. Nerve cell bodies of sympathetic ganglia with the nuclei of the satellite cells on the neuronal surface. Redrawn from Valentin; A, 1836; B, 1839.
Download or read book Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain written by Michael Petrides and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-12-13 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Atlas of the Morphology of the Human Cerebral Cortex on the Average MNI Brain provides a comprehensive identification of the sulci and gyri of the human brain on a series of coronal sections of the average MNI brain and identifies the likely location of the cytoarchitectonic areas of the cerebral cortex. Presentation in MNI Stereotaxic Space enables the atlas to serve as a useful working tool for structural/functional neuroimagers attempting to identify the sulcus or gyrus and the likely cytoarchitectonic area within which a functional activation or a structural change has occurred. A brief introductory section discusses the history and current state of studies of the sulcal and gyral morphology and cytoarchitecture of the human cerebral cortex. Identifies all sulci and gyri of both hemispheres of the average MNI brain (rather than those of a single brain with its individual peculiarities) so that the average surface morphology of the human cerebral cortex is clearly revealed Presents the likely location of architectonic areas on the average MNI brain so that researchers can report their findings in a manner that is readily translatable from laboratory to laboratory Offers succinct commentary on the relation of sulci and gyri to architectonic areas, which will be useful to those looking to identify the cortical area within which functional or structural changes occurred Offers succinct commentaries on the diversity of names often used to refer to the exact same area that will be useful to those struggling to navigate the often confusing cerebral cortex nomenclature
Download or read book Ageing and Dementia written by Kurt Jellinger and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ageing and dementia are closely related conditions. Increasing age of the general population causes increasing incidence of dementing disorders in later life, although cognitive impairment is not necessarily a consequence of advancing age. The book presents the papers of the International Symposium on Ageing and Dementia, October 17–19, 1997 in Graz, where internationally renowned experts in the field of ageing and dementia gave an overview of the current knowledge about the epidemiology, pathomorphology, clinical diagnosis and course of brain ageing processes and related dementing disorders, biochemical markers and imaging procedures for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease and current approaches to a successful treatment of dementia. "... this book will be of interest to clinicians with previous experience of clinical dementia assessements, and to researchers who want a comprehensive update on research areas of dementia with which they are less familiar. It will also be of interest to those following the development of neurotrophe factors for treatment of dementia who need an extensive introduction to the preclinical studies of Cerebrolysin®. The book will be fairly useful as a textbook for clinicians who are learning about clinical dementia assessments for the first time.” Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica
Download or read book Cortical Areas written by Almut Schuez and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-05-30 with total page 807 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of areas in the cerebral cortex has a long history, bringing empirical data into close relation with fundamental conceptual issues about the cortex. The subject is currently being revitalized with the advent of new experimental methods and this book brings a modern perspective to the study of these areas. Cortical Areas: Unity and Diversi
