Download or read book Aquaporins written by Eric Beitz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aquaporin field has matured at an exceptionally fast pace and we are at the verge to develop serious strategies to therapeutically modulate aquaporin function directly or via regulatory networks. Key prerequisites are available today: i. a considerable (and growing) number of aquaporin crystal structures for the rational design of inhibitory molecules, ii. elaborate molecular dynamics simulation techniques for theoretical analyses of selectivity mechanisms and docking experiments, iii. comprehensive data on aquaporin immunohistochemistry, iv. aquaporin knockout animals for physiological studies, and v. assay systems for compound library screenings. The structure of this volume on aquaporins follows the points laid out above and thus covers the developments from basic research to potential pharmacological use. Situated between pharmacology textbooks and recent scientific papers this book provides a timely overview for readers from the fundamental as well as the applied disciplines.

Download or read book Aquaporins in Health and Disease written by Graca Soveral and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-01-14 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) as a water channel, many studies have revealed the importance of aquaporins in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology as well as plant and microbial biology. The studies have also shown aquaporins as potential drug targets and targets for improving crop properties. Written by an international group of contributors at the forefront of the field, Aquaporins in Health and Disease: New Molecular Targets for Drug Discovery presents the latest research advances in aquaporins and other major intrinsic protein (MIP) channels. The first section of the book describes the general concepts of aquaporin channel function, genomic research, structure-function analysis of aquaporins and glycerol facilitators, and regulation by gating and trafficking, including yeast aquaporin regulation and function. The second section discusses the physiological and pathophysiological roles of aquaporins in humans and microbes. The final section covers the development of inhibitors of aquaporin function. The book's epilogue offers future perspectives and directions, mainly in the area of aquaporin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Stimulating future research on this important protein family, this book facilitates a paradigm shift in the understanding and roles of aquaporin membrane proteins in all biological settings. It encourages scientists to develop novel approaches for the treatment of human diseases based on aquaporin function or dysfunction.

Download or read book Plant Aquaporins written by François Chaumont and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-07 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaporins are channel proteins that facilitate the diffusion of water and small uncharged solutes across cellular membranes. Plant aquaporins form a large family of highly divergent proteins that are involved in many different physiological processes. This book will summarize the recent advances regarding plant aquaporins, their phylogeny, structure, substrate specificity, mechanisms of regulation and roles in various important physiological processes related to the control of water flow and small solute distribution at the cell, tissue and plant level in an ever-changing environment.

Download or read book Aquaporins written by Baoxue Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-30 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a state-of-the-art report on our current understanding of aquaporins and the future direction of the field. Aquaporins (AQPs) are a group of water-channel proteins that are specifically permeable to water and other small molecules, such as glycerol and urea. To date thirteen water-channel proteins (AQP0 – AQP12) have been cloned and the mechanisms and physiological functions of water transport across biological membranes have long been the subject of interest. Recent advances in the molecular biology and physiology of water transport have yielded new insights into how and why water moves across cell membranes, and studies on aquaporin knockout mouse models suggest that aquaporins are involved in the development of some diseases and they may be useful targets of research into selective-inhibitor drugs. By focusing on the advances made over the last 30 years in the biophysics, genetics, protein structure, molecular biology, physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology of aquaporins in mammalian cell membranes, this book provides novel insights into further mechanisms and the physiological significance of water and some small molecule transport in mammals in order to stimulate further research in new directions. In the second version, fourteen chapters will be updated base on the most recent research articles. Ten new chapters will be added.

Download or read book Aquaporins in Health and Disease written by Graca Soveral and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-30 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery of Aquaporin-1 (AQP1) as a water channel, many studies have revealed the importance of aquaporins in mammalian physiology and pathophysiology as well as plant and microbial biology. The studies have also shown aquaporins as potential drug targets and targets for improving crop properties. Written by an international group of contributors at the forefront of the field, Aquaporins in Health and Disease: New Molecular Targets for Drug Discovery presents the latest research advances in aquaporins and other major intrinsic protein (MIP) channels. The first section of the book describes the general concepts of aquaporin channel function, genomic research, structure-function analysis of aquaporins and glycerol facilitators, and regulation by gating and trafficking, including yeast aquaporin regulation and function. The second section discusses the physiological and pathophysiological roles of aquaporins in humans and microbes. The final section covers the development of inhibitors of aquaporin function. The book’s epilogue offers future perspectives and directions, mainly in the area of aquaporin-based diagnostics and therapeutics. Stimulating future research on this important protein family, this book facilitates a paradigm shift in the understanding and roles of aquaporin membrane proteins in all biological settings. It encourages scientists to develop novel approaches for the treatment of human diseases based on aquaporin function or dysfunction.

Download or read book Aquaporins Dynamic Role and Regulation written by Rupesh K. Deshmukh and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-10-10 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaporins (AQPs), a class of integral membrane proteins, form channels facilitating movement of water and many other solutes. In solute transport systems of all living organisms including plants, animals and fungi, AQPs play a vital role. Plants contain a much higher number of AQP genes compared to animals, the likely consequence of genome duplication events and higher ploidy levels. As a result of duplication and subsequent diversification, plant AQPs have evolved several subfamilies with very diverse functions. Plant AQPs are highly selective for specific solutes because of their unique structural features. For instance, ar/R selectivity filters and NPA domains have been found to be key elements in governing solute permeability through the AQP channels. Combination of conserved motifs and specific amino acids influencing pore morphology appears to regulate the permeability of specific solutes such as water, urea, CO2, H2O2, boric acid, silicic acid and many more. The discovery of novel AQPs has been accelerated over the last few years with the increasing availability of genomic and transcriptomic data. The expanding number of well characterised AQPs provides opportunities to understand factors influencing water transport, nutritional uptake, and elemental balance. Homology-based search tools and phylogenetic analyses offer efficient strategies for AQP identification. Subsequent characterization can be based on different approaches involving proteomics, genomics, and transcriptomic tools. The combination of these technological advances make it possible to efficiently study the inter-dependency of AQPs, regulation through phosphorylation and reversible phosphorylation, networking with other transporters, structural features, pH gating systems, trafficking and degradation. Several studies have supported the role of AQPs in differential phenotypic responses to abiotic and biotic stress in plants. Crop improvement programs aiming for the development of cultivars with higher tolerance against stresses like drought, flooding, salinity and many biotic diseases, can explore and exploit the finely tuned AQP-regulated transport system. For instance, a promising approach in crop breeding programs is the utilization of genetic variation in AQPs for the development of stress tolerant cultivars. Similarly, transgenic and mutagenesis approaches provide an opportunity to better understand the AQP transport system with subsequent applications for the development of climate-smart drought-tolerant cultivars. The contributions to this Frontiers in Plant Science Research Topic have highlighted the evolution and phylogenetic distribution of AQPs in several plant species. Numerous aspects of regulation that seek to explain AQP-mediated transport system have been addressed. These contributions will help to improve our understanding of AQPs and their role in important physiological aspects and will bring AQP research closer to practical applications.

Download or read book Aquaporins in fish expression localization and functional dynamics written by Steffen S. Madsen and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By living in a 'world of water' fish are exposed to major challenges in maintaining water homeostasis. These are opposite in nature for fish living in marine and freshwater milieus; however, in both cases threatening, obligatory water fluxes due to global osmotic gradients must be compensated by opposite fluxes, driven by body fluid filtration and/or locally created osmotic gradients. In general, water may pass epithelia that are hydrophobic in nature by para- and/or transcellular pathways, the former mainly defined by the characteristics of tight junctions, the latter determined by the combined permeability of apical and baso-lateral cellular membranes. Transcellular water transport may occur by simple diffusion through lipid bilayers or become markedly improved by insertion of plasma membrane integral channel proteins of the Aquaporin (AQP) family. In mammals, 13 AQP subfamilies are present and several of these have been investigated structurally and functionally in >5000 publications since their discovery in 1992 by Agre and colleagues. The first paper on AQPs in fish appeared in 2000 (Cutler and Cramb) but surprisingly few papers have addressed AQPs in fishes and other non-mammalian vertebrate classes since then. In zebrafish, 18 genes encode AQPs with homology to all but a few of the mammalian isoforms. Only few of these isoforms have been studied to some extent in this and other species. AQPs most certainly play distinct osmoregulatory roles in fish as they do in mammals - both at the cellular and organismal level. However, there is a considerable lack of information from the fish world on this topic. At present, only ca. 50 papers have addressed AQPs in fish - most of these being concerned with basic investigations of isoform expression in various tissues of different teleosts. This Research Topic will bring together original information as well as bring the field up-to-date on topics related to 'Aquaporins in fish - expression, localization and functional dynamics', hopefully thereby stimulating new research in this area. Contributions within the following areas are welcomed: • Molecular biology of water transport • AQP physiology and functionality (in vitro and in vivo studies) • Cellular and subcellular localization of AQPs • AQPs and cellular volume regulation/osmosensing • AQPs and transepithelial water transport in kidney tubules and intestinal segments • Endocrine regulation of AQPs • Cellular trafficking of AQPs • Pharmacological inhibition of AQPs • The role of AQPs in handling "non-water" substances (toxic, waste etc.) • Mini-reviews identifying areas of special interest.

Download or read book Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress written by Aryadeep Roychoudhury and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide to the chemical agents that protect plants from various environmental stressors Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress offers a guide to the diverse chemical agents that have the potential to mitigate different forms of abiotic stresses in plants. Edited by two experts on the topic, the book explores the role of novel chemicals and shows how using such unique chemical agents can tackle the oxidative damages caused by environmental stresses. Exogenous application of different chemical agents or chemical priming of seeds presents opportunities for crop stress management. The use of chemical compounds as protective agents has been found to improve plant tolerance significantly in various crop and non-crop species against a range of different individually applied abiotic stresses by regulating the endogenous levels of the protective agents within plants. This important book: Explores the efficacy of various chemical agents to eliminate abiotic stress Offers a groundbreaking look at the topic and reviews the most recent advances in the field Includes information from noted authorities on the subject Promises to benefit agriculture under stress conditions at the ground level Written for researchers, academicians, and scientists, Protective Chemical Agents in the Amelioration of Plant Abiotic Stress details the wide range of protective chemical agents, their applications, and their intricate biochemical and molecular mechanism of action within the plant systems during adverse situations.

Download or read book CO2 in Seawater Equilibrium Kinetics Isotopes written by R.E. Zeebe and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-10-15 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon dioxide is the most important greenhouse gas after water vapor in the atmosphere of the earth. More than 98% of the carbon of the atmosphere-ocean system is stored in the oceans as dissolved inorganic carbon. The key for understanding critical processes of the marine carbon cycle is a sound knowledge of the seawater carbonate chemistry, including equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties as well as stable isotope fractionation.Presenting the first coherent text describing equilibrium and nonequilibrium properties and stable isotope fractionation among the elements of the carbonate system. This volume presents an overview and a synthesis of these subjects which should be useful for graduate students and researchers in various fields such as biogeochemistry, chemical oceanography, paleoceanography, marine biology, marine chemistry, marine geology, and others.The volume includes an introduction to the equilibrium properties of the carbonate system in which basic concepts such as equilibrium constants, alkalinity, pH scales, and buffering are discussed. It also deals with the nonequilibrium properties of the seawater carbonate chemistry. Whereas principle of chemical kinetics are recapitulated, reaction rates and relaxation times of the carbonate system are considered in details. The book also provides a general introduction to stable isotope fractionation and describes the partitioning of carbon, oxygen, and boron isotopes between the species of the carbonate system. The appendix contains formulas for the equilibrium constants of the carbonate system, mathematical expressions to calculate carbonate system parameters, answers to exercises and more.

Download or read book An Introduction to Biological Membranes written by William Stillwell and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-04-20 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Biological Membranes: From Bilayers to Rafts covers many aspects of membrane structure/function that bridges membrane biophysics and cell biology. Offering cohesive, foundational information, this publication is valuable for advanced undergraduate students, graduate students and membranologists who seek a broad overview of membrane science. - Brings together different facets of membrane research in a universally understandable manner - Emphasis on the historical development of the field - Topics include membrane sugars, membrane models, membrane isolation methods, and membrane transport

Download or read book Aquaporin Regulation written by Gerald Litwack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-27 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaporin Regulation, Volume 112, the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters highlighting Perspectives on the evolution of aquaporin superfamily, Structure and dynamics of aquaporin-1, Selectivity and Transport in Aquaporins from Molecular Simulation Studies, Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs, Phosphorylation of human AQP2 and its role in trafficking, Regulation of Aquaporin-2 by RNA Interference, Aquaporin Regulation: Lessons from Secretory Vesicles, CFTR Regulation of Aquaporin-mediated Water Transport, Glucocorticoid Gene Regulation of Aquaporin-7, and much more. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series Updated release includes the latest information on aquaporin regulation

Download or read book Aquaporins in Infection and Inflammation written by Angelika Holm and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2016-04-28 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability of eukaryotic cells to change their shape and to migrate directionally is highly dependent on active volume regulation in cells building up tissues as well as in individual cells. Transmembrane fluxes of water via specialized water channels, called aquaporins (AQPs), facilitate the changes of volume and shape, which additionally require a complex interplay between the plasma membrane and the cytoskeleton. AQPs have been shown to be involved in the development of inflammatory processes and diseases. The aims of the studies underlying this thesis were to further elucidate the expression and function of AQPs in both bacterial and viral infections as well as in the inflammatory disease, microscopic colitis. For this, molecular techniques qPCR, immunoblotting and live, holographic, confocal and super-resolution imaging were used. When cells of the innate immune system encounter pathogens they need to respond and prepare for migration and phagocytosis and do so through volume regulatory processes. The Gramnegative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa utilizes a small molecule-based communication system, called quorum sensing (QS) to control the production of its virulence factors and biofilms. We found that P. aeruginosa with a complete QS system elicits a stronger phagocytic response in human blood-derived macrophages compared to its lasI-/rhlI- mutant lacking the production of the QS molecules N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL) and N-3-oxododecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (3O-C12-HSL). Infection with P. aeruginosa further increases the expression of AQP9 and induces re-localisation of AQP9 to the front and trailing ends of macrophages. Moreover, the 3O-C12-HSL alone elevates the expression of AQP9, redistribute the water channel to the front and rear ends and increases the cell area and volume of macrophages. Both infection with the wild type P. aeruginosa and the treatment with 3OC12-HSL change the nano-structural architecture of the AQP9 distribution in macrophages. Viruses use the intracellular machinery of the invaded cells to produce and assemble new viral bodies. Intracellular AQPs are localised in a membranes of cellular organelles to regulate their function and morphology. C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts transiently expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP)-AQP6 show a reduced expression of AQP6 after Hazara virus infection and an increased cell area. Overexpressing AQP6 in C3H10T1/2 cells reduces the infectivity of Hazara virus indicating that AQP6 expression has a protective role in virus infections. Ion and water channels in the epithelial cell lining tightly regulate the water homeostasis. In microscopic colitis (MC), patients suffer from severe watery diarrhoeas. For the first time, we have shown that the expression of AQP1, 8 and 11 and the sodium/hydrogen exchanger NHE1 are reduced in colonic biopsies from MC patients compared to healthy control individuals. Following treatment with the glucocorticoid budesonide the patients experienced a rapid recovery and we observed a restored or increased expression of the AQPs and NHE1 during treatment, suggesting a role for AQPs in the diarrhoeal mechanisms in MC. Taken together, this thesis provides new evidence on the importance of water homeostasis regulation through AQPs during infections and inflammation and opens up a door for further investigations of roles for AQPs in inflammatory processes.

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules written by Sangdun Choi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-15 with total page 6330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of this encyclopedia presents over 400 biologically important signaling molecules and the content is built on the core concepts of their functions along with early findings written by some of the world’s foremost experts. The molecules are described by recognized leaders in each molecule. The interactions of these single molecules in signal transduction networks will also be explored. This encyclopedia marks a new era in overview of current cellular signaling molecules for the specialist and the interested non-specialist alike. Currently, there are more than 30,000 genes in human genome. However, not all the proteins encoded by these genes work equally in order to maintain homeostasis. Understanding the important signaling molecules as completely as possible will significantly improve our research-based teaching and scientific capabilities.

Download or read book Brain Edema XII written by T. Kuroiwa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Brain edema is a simple phenomenon – an abnormal increase of brain tissue volume by the increase of brain tissue water content. However the etiology is not simple and relating to a wide variety of neurological disorders including ischemia, trauma, tumor, hemorrhage and hydrocephalus. It is still a major cause of death in the neurological/neurosurgical ward. This volume is an up-to-date report on progress in brain edema research, diagnosis and treatment, including papers presented at the 12th International Symposium on Brain Edema and Brain Tissue Injury in 2002. Major topics include molecular biology and blood-brain barrier disorders, ischemic and traumatic brain edema, imaging and diagnosis of brain edema, treatment and radiation effect. Various papers in the rapidly growing fields of neuroimaging and molecular medicine are also included.

Download or read book Vascular Transport in Plants written by N. Michelle Holbrook and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 597 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vascular Transport in Plants provides an up-to-date synthesis of new research on the biology of long distance transport processes in plants. It is a valuable resource and reference for researchers and graduate level students in physiology, molecular biology, physiology, ecology, ecological physiology, development, and all applied disciplines related to agriculture, horticulture, forestry and biotechnology. The book considers long-distance transport from the perspective of molecular level processes to whole plant function, allowing readers to integrate information relating to vascular transport across multiple scales. The book is unique in presenting xylem and phloem transport processes in plants together in a comparative style that emphasizes the important interactions between these two parallel transport systems. - Includes 105 exceptional figures - Discusses xylem and phloem transport in a single volume, highlighting their interactions - Syntheses of structure, function and biology of vascular transport by leading authorities - Poses unsolved questions and stimulates future research - Provides a new conceptual framework for vascular function in plants

Download or read book Aquaporin Regulation written by Gerald Litwack and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-02-13 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aquaporin Regulation, Volume 112, the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters highlighting Perspectives on the evolution of aquaporin superfamily, Structure and dynamics of aquaporin-1, Selectivity and Transport in Aquaporins from Molecular Simulation Studies, Aquaporin regulation in metabolic organs, Phosphorylation of human AQP2 and its role in trafficking, Regulation of Aquaporin-2 by RNA Interference, Aquaporin Regulation: Lessons from Secretory Vesicles, CFTR Regulation of Aquaporin-mediated Water Transport, Glucocorticoid Gene Regulation of Aquaporin-7, and much more. - Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors - Presents the latest release in the Vitamins and Hormones series - Updated release includes the latest information on aquaporin regulation

Download or read book Molecular Biology and Physiology of Water and Solute Transport written by Stefan Hohmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2000 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biophysical studies in the 1950ies and 1960ies led to the realization that the water permeability of certain biological membranes must be due to the presence of water transporting proteins. This hypothesis was confirmed in 1991 and 1992 with the pioneering discovery of the first molecular membrane water channel, CHIP28, by Agre and coworkers. This integral membrane protein, which is abundant in the erythrocyte membrane and in many epithelial cells, is now called aquaporin-1 or AQP1. Thus the terms water channel or aquaporin are synonymous. In July 2000 more than 200 researchers came together in Gothenburg, Sweden, for the `3rd International Conference on the Molecular Biology and Physiology of Water and Solute Transport" to discuss progress in this emerging research field. 58 different presentations from this conference are the basis for this book. Cumulatively, these 58 short chapters provide a balanced overview complementing numerous recent reviews in this field.