Download or read book Approaches for Integrating Information from Radiation Biology and Epidemiology to Enhance Low dose Health Risk Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Report extends the concepts and approaches discussed in NCRP Report No. 171 and Commentary No. 24 to further reduce uncertainty in radiation risk assessments at low doses and low dose rates, thereby enhancing the bases for radiation protection guidance"--
Download or read book Approaches for Integrating Information from Radiation Biology and Epidemology to Enhance Low Dose Health Risk Assessments written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approaches for Integrating Information from Radiation Biology and Epidemiology to Enhance Low dose Health Risk Assessment written by and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This Report extends the concepts and approaches discussed in NCRP Report No. 171 and Commentary No. 24 to further reduce uncertainty in radiation risk assessments at low doses and low dose rates, thereby enhancing the bases for radiation protection guidance"--
Download or read book The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-01-13 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposures at low doses of radiation, generally taken to mean doses below 100 millisieverts, are of primary interest for setting standards for protecting individuals against the adverse effects of ionizing radiation. However, there are considerable uncertainties associated with current best estimates of risks and gaps in knowledge on critical scientific issues that relate to low dose radiation. The Nuclear and Radiation Studies Board of the National Academies hosted the symposium on The Future of Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States on May 8 and 9, 2019. The goal of the symposium was to provide an open forum for a national discussion on the need for a long-term strategy to guide a low dose radiation research program in the United States. The symposium featured presentations on low dose radiation programs around the world, panel discussions with representatives from governmental and nongovernmental organizations about the need for a low dose radiation research program, reviews of low dose radiation research in epidemiology and radiation biology including new directions, and lessons to be learned from setting up large research programs in non-radiation research fields. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the symposium.
Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.
Download or read book Kalabishis Gina written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Health Effects of Low Doses of Radiation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015-09 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.
Download or read book Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations Near Nuclear Facilities written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-06-29 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late 1980s, the National Cancer Institute initiated an investigation of cancer risks in populations near 52 commercial nuclear power plants and 10 Department of Energy nuclear facilities (including research and nuclear weapons production facilities and one reprocessing plant) in the United States. The results of the NCI investigation were used a primary resource for communicating with the public about the cancer risks near the nuclear facilities. However, this study is now over 20 years old. The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission requested that the National Academy of Sciences provide an updated assessment of cancer risks in populations near USNRC-licensed nuclear facilities that utilize or process uranium for the production of electricity. Analysis of Cancer Risks in Populations near Nuclear Facilities: Phase 1 focuses on identifying scientifically sound approaches for carrying out an assessment of cancer risks associated with living near a nuclear facility, judgments about the strengths and weaknesses of various statistical power, ability to assess potential confounding factors, possible biases, and required effort. The results from this Phase 1 study will be used to inform the design of cancer risk assessment, which will be carried out in Phase 2. This report is beneficial for the general public, communities near nuclear facilities, stakeholders, healthcare providers, policy makers, state and local officials, community leaders, and the media.
Download or read book Low Dose Radiation written by K. F. Baverstock and published by Taylor & Francis Group. This book was released on 1989 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviewing the current status of studies on human populations exposed to radiation, including the survivors of the atomic bombings in Japan, this book goes on to look at the risks to man from exposure to low doses of radiation, which must be inferred from populations exposed to high doses.
- Author : National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri
- Publisher : National Academies Press
- Release : 2023-03-02
- ISBN : 9780309275774
- Pages : pages
Leveraging Advances in Modern Science to Revitalize Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States
Download or read book Leveraging Advances in Modern Science to Revitalize Low Dose Radiation Research in the United States written by National Academies Of Sciences Engineeri and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Radiation exposure at low doses (below 100 milligray) or low-dose rates (less than 5 milligray per hour) occurs in a wide range of medical, industrial, military, and commercial settings. The effects of exposure at these levels are not fully understood, but there are long-standing concerns that such exposure could negatively affect human health. Although cancer has been linked to low-dose radiation exposure for decades, there is increasing evidence that low-dose radiation exposure may also be associated with cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, immune dysfunction, and cataracts. Recent advances in research, new tools, and a coordinated multidisciplinary research program could help fill knowledge gaps about the health impacts of low-dose radiation exposures. This report calls for the development of a U.S. research program to study how low doses of radiation affect cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and other disease risks. Research should also better define the impacts of radiation doses, dose rates, types of radiation, and exposure duration. The report estimates $100 million annually for the next 15 years would be required to conduct epidemiological and biological research, and to establish an infrastructure for research.
Download or read book Deriving Organ Doses and Their Uncertainty for Epidemiologic Studies with a Focus on the One Million U S Workers and Veterans Study of Low dose Radiation Health Effects written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Uncertainties in the Estimation of Radiation Risks and Probability of Disease Causation written by National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements and published by National Council on Radiation. This book was released on 2012 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forlagets beskrivelse: NCRP Report No. 171, Uncertainties in the Estimation of Radiation Risks and Probability of Disease Causation, considers the types and magnitude of the several uncertainties that are a component of the risk assessment process for cancer, heritable and noncancer effects following radiation exposure. These uncertainties can result from the nature of the input data as well as from the specific analysis and models used for developing the risk estimates. Topics addressed in this Report include: (a) uncertainties associated with extrapolation of dose-response relationships observed in primary epidemiological studies to estimate the risk per unit dose (i.e., organ dose or whole-body dose) in the U.S. population and other exposed populations; (b) applications of meta-analyses or pooled analyses to increase the statistical power in evaluating uncertainties in dose-response relationships for exposed human populations; (c) uncertainties associated with extrapolation of dose-response relationships observed for populations exposed to acute doses of high-energy gamma rays to estimate the risk per unit dose in populations exposed to fractionated or low-dose rate chronic exposures; (d) uncertainties associated with extrapolation of the dose-response relationships observed for populations exposed to high-energy gamma rays to estimate the risk per unit dose in populations exposed to low-energy photons, low-energy electrons, alpha particles, and neutrons with various energies; (e) comparison of uncertainties associated with risk estimated for individual tissue or organ sites with the uncertainties associated with estimating risk of all tumors combined due to whole-body exposure; (f) evaluation of opportunities for using additional epidemiological and laboratory-based biological information to modify estimates of uncertainty in risk estimation for cancer, noncancer effects, and severe heritable disorders; (f) procedures for accounting for dose uncertainty in epidemiological dose-response analyses; and (g) evaluation of the combined effect of uncertainty in dose estimation with the uncertainty in estimation of risk per unit dose in estimating the overall risk. This Report also provides a comprehensive analysis of uncertainties on the estimation of probability of radiation-induced disease, including: (1) application of organ doses and associated uncertainties in estimation of probability of disease causation; (2) evaluation of inherent uncertainties in calculating the probability of disease causation (in an individual), or assigned share of excess relative risk for various types of cancer attributable to radiation exposure; and (3) methods of improving existing procedures for estimating disease probability based on input organ doses and their uncertainties. The issue of uncertainty in estimation of radiation-induced risks of cancer, noncancer diseases, and heritable genetic effects analyzed in this Report is of great importance in evaluating the effects of ionizing radiation on human health, in decisions involving the safe use of ionizing radiation and in addressing public controversy. Uncertainty analyses should become increasingly important in the future as the sophisticated methodologies continue to develop and become more available.
Download or read book Recommendations on Statistical Approaches to Account for Dose Uncertainties in Radiation Epidemiologic Risk Models written by and published by . This book was released on 2024 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Accurate exposure estimation in radiation epidemiologic studies is essential for reliable health risk assessment. Failure to account appropriately for uncertainties in dose estimation and model assumptions could lead to biased results in the evaluation of the radiation dose-response as well as incorrect confidence bounds for risk parameters. Assessment of absorbed dose is often subject to considerable uncertainties, and a variety of statistical approaches have been developed to incorporate dose uncertainties into the estimation and inference for the dose-response. The purpose of this Commentary is to provide a guide regarding available statistical methods for dose-response analysis that incorporate dose uncertain-ties, the types of studies to which the methods can be applied, and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods. This Commentary addresses studies of external and internal exposures and provides guidance on both shared and unshared uncertainty in the estimation of absorbed dose. Of particular interest are statistical methods for assessing dose-response in epidemiologic studies of internal emitters, for which doses are calculated using exposure and retention models with many parameters. Each parameter is associated with various sources and amounts of uncertainty"--
Download or read book Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by National Research Council and published by National Academies. This book was released on 1990-02-01 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reevaluates the health risks of ionizing radiation in light of data that have become available since the 1980 report on this subject was published. The data include new, much more reliable dose estimates for the A-bomb survivors, the results of an additional 14 years of follow-up of the survivors for cancer mortality, recent results of follow-up studies of persons irradiated for medical purposes, and results of relevant experiments with laboratory animals and cultured cells. It analyzes the data in terms of risk estimates for specific organs in relation to dose and time after exposure, and compares radiation effects between Japanese and Western populations.
Download or read book Biological Dosimetry written by W. G. Eisert and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 1982, a small international symposium was held at the Gesellschaft fUr Strahlen- und Umweltforschung mbH (GSF) in Munich as a satellite meeting of the IX International Conference on Analytical Cytology. The symposium focussed on cytometric approaches to biological dosimetry, and was, to the best of our knowledge, the first meeting on this subject ever held. There was strong encouragement from the 75 attendees and from others to publish a proceedings of the symposium. Hence this book, containing 30 of the 36 presentations, has been assembled. Dosimetry, the accurate and systematic determination of doses, usually refers to grams of substance administered or rads of ionization or some such measure of exposure of a patient, a victim or an experimental system. The term also can be used to describe the quantity of an ultimate, active agent as delivered to the appropriate target material within a biological system. Thus, for mutagens, one can speak of DNA dosimetry, meaning the number of adducts produced in the DNA of target cells such as bone-mar row stem cells or spermatogonia.
Download or read book Hayes Principles and Methods of Toxicology written by A. Wallace Hayes and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-07-03 with total page 2143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hayes’ Principles and Methods of Toxicology has long been established as a reliable and informative reference for the concepts, methodologies, and assessments integral to toxicology. The new edition contains updated and new chapters with the addition of new authors while maintaining the same high standards that have made this book a benchmark resource in the field. Key Features: The comprehensive yet concise coverage of various aspects of fundamental and applied toxicology makes this book a valuable resource for educators, students, and professionals. Questions provided at the end of each chapter allow readers to test their knowledge and understanding of the material covered. All chapters have been updated and over 60 new authors have been added to reflect the dynamic nature of toxicological sciences New topics in this edition include Safety Assessment of Cosmetics and Personal Care Products, The Importance of the Dose/Rate Response, Novel Approaches and Alternative Models, Epigenetic Toxicology, and an Expanded Glossary. The volume is divided into 4 major sections, addressing fundamental principles of toxicology (Section I. "Principles of Toxicology"), major classes of established chemical hazards (Section II. "Agents"), current methods used for the assessment of various endpoints indicative of chemical toxicity (Section III. "Methods"), as well as toxicology of specific target systems and organs (Section IV. "Organ- and System-Specific Toxicology"). This volume will be a valuable tool for the audience that wishes to broaden their understanding of hazards and mechanisms of toxicity and to stay on top of the emerging methods and concepts of the rapidly advancing field of toxicology and risk assessment.