Download or read book Applications of GNSS Reflectometry for Earth Observation written by Nereida Rodriguez-Alvarez and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2021-11-24 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Navigation Satellite System-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has proven an effective and very valuable technique that has helped the scientific community to better understand Earth processes. Measuring the forward scattering that occurs when the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals reflect off the surface of the Earth has enabled multiple studies of the ocean, the cryosphere, and the land geophysical phenomena, allowing a better characterization and increasing the global knowledge of our planet. This book brings together a variety of the most up-to-date research on the GNSS-R field, covering multiple and very innovative applications.

Download or read book Position Navigation and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century written by Y. Jade Morton and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 1170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers the latest developments in PNT technologies, including integrated satellite navigation, sensor systems, and civil applications Featuring sixty-four chapters that are divided into six parts, this two-volume work provides comprehensive coverage of the state-of-the-art in satellite-based position, navigation, and timing (PNT) technologies and civilian applications. It also examines alternative navigation technologies based on other signals-of-opportunity and sensors and offers a comprehensive treatment on integrated PNT systems for consumer and commercial applications. Volume 1 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications contains three parts and focuses on the satellite navigation systems, technologies, and engineering and scientific applications. It starts with a historical perspective of GPS development and other related PNT development. Current global and regional navigation satellite systems (GNSS and RNSS), their inter-operability, signal quality monitoring, satellite orbit and time synchronization, and ground- and satellite-based augmentation systems are examined. Recent progresses in satellite navigation receiver technologies and challenges for operations in multipath-rich urban environment, in handling spoofing and interference, and in ensuring PNT integrity are addressed. A section on satellite navigation for engineering and scientific applications finishes off the volume. Volume 2 of Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications consists of three parts and addresses PNT using alternative signals and sensors and integrated PNT technologies for consumer and commercial applications. It looks at PNT using various radio signals-of-opportunity, atomic clock, optical, laser, magnetic field, celestial, MEMS and inertial sensors, as well as the concept of navigation from Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) satellites. GNSS-INS integration, neuroscience of navigation, and animal navigation are also covered. The volume finishes off with a collection of work on contemporary PNT applications such as survey and mobile mapping, precision agriculture, wearable systems, automated driving, train control, commercial unmanned aircraft systems, aviation, and navigation in the unique Arctic environment. In addition, this text: Serves as a complete reference and handbook for professionals and students interested in the broad range of PNT subjects Includes chapters that focus on the latest developments in GNSS and other navigation sensors, techniques, and applications Illustrates interconnecting relationships between various types of technologies in order to assure more protected, tough, and accurate PNT Position, Navigation, and Timing Technologies in the 21st Century: Integrated Satellite Navigation, Sensor Systems, and Civil Applications will appeal to all industry professionals, researchers, and academics involved with the science, engineering, and applications of position, navigation, and timing technologies. pnt21book.com

Download or read book GNSS Reflectometry for Land Remote Sensing Applications written by Alejandro Egido Egido and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil moisture and vegetation biomass are two essential parameters from a scienti c and economical point of view. On one hand, they are key for the understanding of the hydrological and carbon cycle. On the other hand, soil moisture is essential for agricultural applications and water management, and vegetation biomass is crucial for regional development programs. Several remote sensing techniques have been used to measure these two parameters. However, retrieving soil moisture and vegetation biomass with the required accuracy, and the appropriate spatial and temporal resolutions still remains a major challenge. The use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) reflected signals as sources of opportunity for measuring soil moisture and vegetation biomass is assessed in this PhD Thesis. This technique, commonly known as GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R), has gained increasing interest among the scienti c community during the last two decades due to its unique characteristics. Previous experimental works have already shown the capabilities of GNSS-R to sense small reflectivity changes on the surface. The use of the co- and cross-polarized reflected signals was also proposed to mitigate nuisance parameters, such as soil surface roughness, in the determination of soil moisture. However, experimental evidence of the suitability of that technique could not be demonstrated. This work analyses from a theoretical and an experimental point of view the capabilities of polarimetric observations of GNSS reflected signals for monitoring soil moisture and vegetation biomass. The Thesis is structured in four main parts. The fi rst part examines the fundamental aspects of the technique and provides a detailed review of the GNSS-R state of the art for soil moisture and vegetation monitoring. The second part deals with the scattering models from land surfaces. A comprehensive description of the formation of scattered signals from rough surfaces is provided. Simulations with current state of the art models for bare and vegetated soils were performed in order to analyze the scattering components of GNSS reflected signals. A simpli ed scattering model was also developed in order to relate in a straightforward way experimental measurements to soil bio-geophysical parameters. The third part reviews the experimental work performed within this research. The development of a GNSS-R instrument for land applications is described, together with the three experimental campaigns carried out in the frame of this PhD Thesis. The analysis of the GNSS-R and ground truth data is also discussed within this part. As predicted by models, it was observed that GNSS scattered signals from natural surfaces are a combination of a coherent and an incoherent scattering components. A data analysis technique was proposed to separate both scattering contributions. The use of polarimetric observations for the determination of soil moisture was demonstrated to be useful under most soil conditions. It was also observed that forests with high levels of biomass could be observed with GNSS reflected signals. The fourth and last part of the Thesis provides an analysis of the technology perspectives. A GNSS-R End-to-End simulator was used to determine the capabilities of the technique to observe di erent soil reflectivity conditions from a low Earth orbiting satellite. It was determined that high accuracy in the estimation of reflectivity could be achieved within reasonable on-ground resolution, as the coherent scattering component is expected to be the predominant one in a spaceborne scenario. The results obtained in this PhD Thesis show the promising potential of GNSS-R measurements for land remote sensing applications, which could represent an excellent complementary observation for a wide range of Earth Observation missions such as SMOS, SMAP, and the recently approved ESA Earth Explorer Mission Biomass.

Download or read book GNSS Remote Sensing written by Shuanggen Jin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-01 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The versatile and available GNSS signals can detect the Earth’s surface environments as a new, highly precise, continuous, all-weather and near-real-time remote sensing tool. This book presents the theory and methods of GNSS remote sensing as well as its applications in the atmosphere, oceans, land and hydrology. Ground-based atmospheric sensing, space-borne atmospheric sensing, reflectometry, ocean remote sensing, hydrology sensing as well as cryosphere sensing with the GNSS will be discussed per chapter in the book.

Download or read book 2021 IEEE Specialist Meeting on Reflectometry Using GNSS and Other Signals of Opportunity GNSS R written by IEEE Staff and published by . This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: GNSS R (Global Navigation Satellite Systems Reflectometry) exhibits unique characteristics to complement other active and passive Earth observation methods One significant attribute is its leveraging of existing and ubiquitous GNSS constellations This infrastructure assures the reliability and continuity of the transmission signals and supports the foundation for many potential applications in Earth Observation After first demonstrations of satellite GNSS reflectometry obtained during experiments with UK DMC satellite, the TDS 1 and CYGNSS missions are now leading this emerging technique to maturity Geophysical parameters, which can be sensed by GNSS R, include ocean surface winds, sea surface height, soil moisture, ice properties, snow water equivalent, and vegetation biomass Building upon the success of GNSS R, reflectometry based remote sensing has more recently expanded to use digital communication satellite signals as well

Download or read book Global Navigation Satellite Systems written by National Academy of Engineering and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-04-27 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Positioning System (GPS) has revolutionized the measurement of position, velocity, and time. It has rapidly evolved into a worldwide utility with more than a billion receiver sets currently in use that provide enormous benefits to humanity: improved safety of life, increased productivity, and wide-spread convenience. Global Navigation Satellite Systems summarizes the joint workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems held jointly by the U.S. National Academy of Engineering and the Chinese Academy of Engineering on May 24-25, 2011 at Hongqiao Guest Hotel in Shanghai, China. "We have one world, and only one set of global resources. It is important to work together on satellite navigation. Competing and cooperation is like Yin and Yang. They need to be balanced," stated Dr. Charles M. Vest, President of the National Academy of Engineering, in the workshop's opening remarks. Global Navigation Satellite Systems covers the objectives of the workshop, which explore issues of enhanced interoperability and interchangeability for all civil users aimed to consider collaborative efforts for countering the global threat of inadvertent or illegal interference to GNSS signals, promotes new applications for GNSS, emphasizing productivity, safety, and environmental protection. The workshop featured presentations chosen based on the following criteria: they must have relevant engineering/technical content or usefulness; be of mutual interest; offer the opportunity for enhancing GNSS availability, accuracy, integrity, and/or continuity; and offer the possibility of recommendations for further actions and discussions. Global Navigation Satellite Systems is an essential report for engineers, workshop attendees, policy makers, educators, and relevant government agencies.

Download or read book Modification of a FPGA based GPS Receiver for Reflectometry Applications GNSS R written by Miguel Ángel Ribot Sanfélix and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English: Lack of frequent and global global observations from space is currently a limiting factor Earth observation missions. In recent years, as a low-cost alternative, Global Navigation Satellite System's signals Reflectometry (GNSS-R) has stood a potential powerful remote sensing technique. The existing research has shown that GNSS-R has the potential to give environmental scientist a low-cost, wide-coverage measurement network that will allow to derive geophysical parameters such as ocean altimetry, sea state or soil moisture. This data has the potential to greatly increase our knowledge of the Earth's environmental processes. During the last ten years, the Remote Sensing Laboratory of the Department of Signal Theory and Communications at the Univeristat Politècnica de Catalunya, has worked on the design and implementation of the appropriate receivers in order to track and process this GNSS-R signals in real-time to avoid the storage of huge volumes of raw data. One of its most remarkable efforts is the Passive Advanced Unit for ocean monitoring (PAU) project. In this work, the possibility of adapting an existing Global Position System (GPS) receiver for GNSS-R applications is explored. This GPS receiver is the Namuru-GPL a open source software receiver implemented for the Namuru development platform developed by the University of New South Wales Satellite Navigation and Positioning Laboratory (SNAP). A modified version of the Namuru-GPL has been implemented. This modified version of the receiver has been able to simultaneous track a C/A L1-band signal and a delayed version of it that simulated a reflected signal with the associated longer propagation path. In addition, the receiver has measured pseudorange differences with a tested resolution up 3 m with a single measurment in a controlled experimental scenario, thus validating the Namuru-GPL capabilities for GNSS-R altimetry applications. In addition, a new Acquisition Module has been developed. This module dramatically reduces the Namuru-GPL receiver average acquisition time from a few minutes to 2.5 s approximately, thanks to implementing the parallel code acquisition method. Moreover, the Acquisition Module requires low hardware resources and generates Delay Doppler Maps (DDMs). All the development process stages, including validation through testing of these proposed designs are summarized within this work.

Download or read book Advances in Earth Observation of Global Change written by Emilio Chuvieco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Change studies are increasingly being considered a vital source of information to understand the Earth Environment, in particular in the framework of human-induced climate change and land use transformation. Satellite Earth Observing systems provide a unique tool to monitor those changes. While the range of applications and innovative techniques is constantly increasing, this book provides a summary of key case studies where satellite data offer critical information to understand the causes and effects of those environmental changes, minimizing their negative impacts. This book will be of interest to researchers and practitioners in the field of remote sensing, geographical information, meteorology and environmental sciences. Also scientists and graduate up to post-graduate level students in environmental science will find valuable information in this book.

Download or read book Land Surface Remote Sensing in Continental Hydrology written by Nicolas Baghdadi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-09-19 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continental hydrological cycle is one of the least understood components of the climate system. The understanding of the different processes involved is important in the fields of hydrology and meteorology.In this volume the main applications for continental hydrology are presented, including the characterization of the states of continental surfaces (water state, snow cover, etc.) using active and passive remote sensing, monitoring the Antarctic ice sheet and land water surface heights using radar altimetry, the characterization of redistributions of water masses using the GRACE mission, the potential of GNSS-R technology in hydrology, and remote sensing data assimilation in hydrological models.This book, part of a set of six volumes, has been produced by scientists who are internationally renowned in their fields. It is addressed to students (engineers, Masters, PhD) , engineers and scientists, specialists in remote sensing applied to hydrology. Through this pedagogical work, the authors contribute to breaking down the barriers that hinder the use of Earth observation data. Provides clear and concise descriptions of modern remote sensing methods Explores the most current remote sensing techniques with physical aspects of the measurement (theory) and their applications Provides chapters on physical principles, measurement, and data processing for each technique described Describes optical remote sensing technology, including a description of acquisition systems and measurement corrections to be made

Download or read book GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems written by Bernhard Hofmann-Wellenhof and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-20 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book extends the scientific bestseller "GPS - Theory and Practice" to cover Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and includes the Russian GLONASS, the European system Galileo, and additional systems. The book refers to GNSS in the generic sense to describe the various existing reference systems for coordinates and time, the satellite orbits, the satellite signals, observables, mathematical models for positioning, data processing, and data transformation. This book is a university-level introductory textbook and is intended to serve as a reference for students as well as for professionals and scientists in the fields of geodesy, surveying engineering, navigation, and related disciplines.

Download or read book Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring of the Atmosphere written by Guergana Guerova and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-14 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) monitoring of the atmosphere is an interdisciplinary topic: a collaboration between geodetic and atmospheric communities. As such, this topic requires sufficient basic knowledge about both GNSS and the atmosphere. Global Navigation Satellite System Monitoring of the Atmosphere begins by introducing GNSS, its components, and signals. It then explains the basics of the atmosphere, starting from the ionosphere to the troposphere. The GNSS tropospheric monitoring is separated for application in numerical weather prediction and nowcasting. Further chapters focus on the application of GNSS for monitoring the climate as well as soil moisture. Finally, the book concludes by discussing GNSS processing along with introducing the latest developments and applications for using atmospheric data to provide precise real-time GNSS products. Explains the basics of GNSS positioning and signals Includes the state of the art in GNSS observations of the atmosphere and hydrosphere Presents the basics of numerical weather prediction and analysis

Download or read book Recent Advances and Applications in Remote Sensing written by Ming Hung and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-07-25 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote sensing was the primary data source since the launch of the first environmental monitoring satellite back in 1972. In the past five decades, remote sensing technology has come a long way and evolved into a mature science. Even so, new technologies, new theories, new methodologies, and new applications continue to emerge. With the rapid pace of technological advancement, it is essential to share experiences especially between different disciplines, either on breakthroughs in new theory or understanding, or applications of remote sensing on real world issues. Disciplines or fields covered in this book include geography, geology, agriculture, forestry, botany, and oceanography. Though remote sensing may be used differently in various disciplines, the principles are similar, if not the same. This book will be valuable to scientists, scholars, working professionals, or students who use remote sensing in their work, and are interested in learning how others use remote sensing in different ways.

Download or read book Earth Observation for Flood Applications written by Guy J-P. Schumann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-05-21 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Earth Observation for Flood Applications: Progress and Perspectives describes the latest scientific advances in Earth Observation. With recent floods around the world becoming ever more devastating, there is a need for better science enabling more effective solutions at a fast pace. This book aims at stretching from the current flood mapping to diverse real data so as to estimate the flood risk and damage. Earth Observation for Flood Applications: Progress and Perspectives includes three parts containing each a separate but complementary topic area under floods. Each chapter unfolds various applications, case studies, and illustrative graphics. In terms of flood mapping and monitoring, the usage of multi-sensor satellite data, web-services information, microwave remote sensing methods are discussed in depth. So, this book is a valuable resource for scientists, researchers, and students in the area of earth observation. Focuses in on one specific application field of Earth Observation Brings the latest scientific advances and perspectives from experts around the world Includes extensive figures, tables, and case studies to illustrate real-life applications

Download or read book Multifunctional Operation and Application of GPS written by Rustam B. Rustamov and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-05-30 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, Global Positioning System (GPS) has taken a significant place in human life with wide-scale applications. It is a multi-use, space-based radio-navigation system, embracing defense and security, civil, commercial, and scientific research needs. Taking into account the importance of the system, it has been suggested to present current advances of GPS with attention focused on vital aspects of technology. This book provides a general description of GPS, GNSS, and GLONASS with reference to the improvement of characteristics of the segments, including software applications and the equipment itself containing GPS. The book also provides information on application areas. Equally, a number of common shortcomings and errors are described, and elimination and mnimization of such consequences are demonstrated.

Download or read book Precise Geodetic Infrastructure written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-10-25 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geodesy is the science of accurately measuring and understanding three fundamental properties of Earth: its geometric shape, its orientation in space, and its gravity field, as well as the changes of these properties with time. Over the past half century, the United States, in cooperation with international partners, has led the development of geodetic techniques and instrumentation. Geodetic observing systems provide a significant benefit to society in a wide array of military, research, civil, and commercial areas, including sea level change monitoring, autonomous navigation, tighter low flying routes for strategic aircraft, precision agriculture, civil surveying, earthquake monitoring, forest structural mapping and biomass estimation, and improved floodplain mapping. Recognizing the growing reliance of a wide range of scientific and societal endeavors on infrastructure for precise geodesy, and recognizing geodetic infrastructure as a shared national resource, this book provides an independent assessment of the benefits provided by geodetic observations and networks, as well as a plan for the future development and support of the infrastructure needed to meet the demand for increasingly greater precision. Precise Geodetic Infrastructure makes a series of focused recommendations for upgrading and improving specific elements of the infrastructure, for enhancing the role of the United States in international geodetic services, for evaluating the requirements for a geodetic workforce for the coming decades, and for providing national coordination and advocacy for the various agencies and organizations that contribute to the geodetic infrastructure.

Download or read book The Periglacial Environment written by Hugh M. French and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Periglacial Environment, Fourth Edition, is an authoritative overview of the world’s cold, non-glacial environments. First published in 1976 and subsequently revised in 1996 and 2007, the text has been the international standard for nearly 40 years. The Fourth Edition continues to be a personal interpretation of the frost-induced conditions, geomorphic processes and landforms that characterize periglacial environments. Part One discusses the periglacial concept and describes the typical climates and ecosystems that are involved. Part Two describes the geocryology (permafrost science) associated with frozen ground. Part Three outlines the weathering and geomorphic processes associated with cold-climate conditions. Part Four provides insight into the periglacial environments of the Quaternary, especially the Late Pleistocene. Part Five describes some of the problems associated with human occupancy in regions that experience frozen ground and cold-climate conditions. Extensively revised and updated Written by an expert with over 50 years of field research Draws upon the author’s personal experience from Northern Canada, Alaska, Siberia, Tibet, Antarctica, Svalbard, Scandinavia, southern South America, Western Europe and eastern North America This book is an invaluable reference for advanced undergraduates in geography, geology, earth sciences and environmental sciences programs, and to resource managers and geotechnical engineers interested in cold regions.

Download or read book GNSS Applications and Methods written by Demoz Gebre-Egziabher and published by Artech House. This book was released on 2009 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few years, the growth of GNSS applications has been staggering. And, this trend promises to continue in the foreseeable future. Placing emphasis on applications development, this unique resource offers a highly practical overview of GNSS (global navigation satellite systems), including GPS. The applications presented in the book range from the traditional location applications to combining GNSS with other sensors and systems and into more exotic areas, such as remote sensing and space weather monitoring. Written by leading experts in the field, this book presents the fundamental underpinnings of GNSS and provides you with detailed examples of various GNSS applications. Moreover, the software included with the book contains valuable processing tools and real GPS data sets to help you rapidly advance your own work in the field. You will find critical information and tools that help give you a head start to embark on future research and development projects. DVD Included! Contains valuable processing tools and data sets to complement many of the applications presented in the book. The software allows you to apply the details presented in the book and expand and enhance the provided code examples to suit your individual applications.