Download or read book Application of Decline Curve Analysis in Gas Reservoirs Using Newly Developed Fitting Equation written by Ferhat Zelghi and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Application of Decline curve Analysis in Oil Reservoirs Using a Universal Fitting Equation written by Abdelhafidh Fekkane and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Advanced Production Decline Analysis and Application written by Hedong Sun and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, production decline-curve analysis has become the most widely used tool in the industry for oil and gas reservoir production analysis. However, most curve analysis is done by computer today, promoting a "black-box" approach to engineering and leaving engineers with little background in the fundamentals of decline analysis. Advanced Production Decline Analysis and Application starts from the basic concept of advanced production decline analysis, and thoroughly discusses several decline methods, such as Arps, Fetkovich, Blasingame, Agarwal-Gardner, NPI, transient, long linear flow, and FMB. A practical systematic introduction to each method helps the reservoir engineer understand the physical and mathematical models, solve the type curves and match up analysis, analyze the processes and examples, and reconstruct all the examples by hand, giving way to master the fundamentals behind the software. An appendix explains the nomenclature and major equations, and as an added bonus, online computer programs are available for download. - Understand the most comprehensive and current list of decline methods, including Arps, Fetkovich, Blasingame, and Agarwal-Gardner - Gain expert knowledge with principles, processes, real-world cases and field examples - Includes online downloadable computer programs on Blasingame decline type curves and normalized pseudo-pressure of gas wells

Download or read book Using Decline Curve Analysis Volumetric Analysis and Bayesian Methodology to Quantify Uncertainty in Shale Gas Reserve Estimates written by Raul Alberto Gonzalez Jimenez and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Probabilistic decline curve analysis (PDCA) methods have been developed to quantify uncertainty in production forecasts and reserves estimates. However, the application of PDCA in shale gas reservoirs is relatively new. Limited work has been done on the performance of PDCA methods when the available production data are limited. In addition, PDCA methods have often been coupled with Arp's equations, which might not be the optimum decline curve analysis model (DCA) to use, as new DCA models for shale reservoirs have been developed. Also, decline curve methods are based on production data only and do not by themselves incorporate other types of information, such as volumetric data. My research objective was to integrate volumetric information with PDCA methods and DCA models to reliably quantify the uncertainty in production forecasts from hydraulically fractured horizontal shale gas wells, regardless of the stage of depletion. In this work, hindcasts of multiple DCA models coupled to different probabilistic methods were performed to determine the reliability of the probabilistic DCA methods. In a hindcast, only a portion of the historical data is matched; predictions are made for the remainder of the historical period and compared to the actual historical production. Most of the DCA models were well calibrated visually when used with an appropriate probabilistic method, regardless of the amount of production data available to match. Volumetric assessments, used as prior information, were incorporated to further enhance the calibration of production forecasts and reserves estimates when using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) as the PDCA method and the logistic growth DCA model. The proposed combination of the MCMC PDCA method, the logistic growth DCA model, and use of volumetric data provides an integrated procedure to reliably quantify the uncertainty in production forecasts and reserves estimates in shale gas reservoirs. Reliable quantification of uncertainty should yield more reliable expected values of reserves estimates, as well as more reliable assessment of upside and downside potential. This can be particularly valuable early in the development of a play, because decisions regarding continued development are based to a large degree on production forecasts and reserves estimates for early wells in the play. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/148436

Download or read book Comparative Study of Decline Curve Analysis Methods Using a Lab scale Gas Reservoir written by Renzo Zamponi and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most effective approaches to estimate Original Gas in Place (OGIP) in dry gas volumetric reservoirs is the use of Decline Curve Analysis methods. The strength of these methods is that they rely on the availability of initial reservoir pressure and production data (flow-rate vs time), which are generally abundant, to generate estimates of original gas in place and future production predictions. Decline curve analysis methods are generally validated using field production data or data from computationally reservoir models. Some disadvantages of these validation approaches include the fact that gas reserves cannot be readily obtained from field data, and the accuracy of production predictions from reservoir models is subject to the model reliability. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of a lab-scale gas reservoir to generate reliable production data for a rigorous validation of decline curve analysis methods recently proposed in the literature. The methods under consideration are Flowing Material Balance (Mattar and Anderson, 2003), Ye and Ayala (2012, 2013), Stumpf and Ayala (2016), and Zhang and Ayala (2013, 2014a, 2014b). The lab-scale reservoir was designed, built and tested in a number of experiments, performed at different initial reservoir pressures and confining pressures. The production data obtained were used to estimate OGIP and compared against direct volumetric calculations. The divergence between these two values was called error. OGIP estimates showed good agreement with lab data, with variations in performance quality. The decline models proposed by Ye and Ayala (2012, 2013) and Zhang and Ayala (2013, 2014a, 2014b) yielded the most accurate estimations of Original Gas in Place, with an average error of 8.32 % for the first method and 8.67 % for the second. The Flowing Material Balance method was found to underperform for most lab conditions tested, showing an average error of 11.63 %.

Download or read book Advances in Geology and Resources Exploration written by Ahmad Safuan Bin A Rashid and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-09-19 with total page 948 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Geology and Resources Exploration provides a collection of papers resulting from the conference on Geology and Resources Exploration (ICGRED 2022), Harbin, China, 21-23 January, 2022. The primary goal of the conference is to promote research and developmental activities in geology, resources exploration and development, and another goal is to promote scientific information interchange between scholars from the top universities, business associations, research centers and high-tech enterprises working all around the world. The conference conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on relevant topics such as geology, resources exploration, aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of engineering geology, geological resources and geothermal energy. By sharing the status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, this helps scholars and engineers all over the world to comprehend the academic development trend and to broaden research ideas. With a view to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promoting the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

Download or read book Microscopic structure effect on the macroscopic property of geomaterials written by Qingxiang Meng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-03-17 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Coupled Pseudo pressure density Approach To Decline Curve Analysis Of Natural Gas Reservoirs written by Jaidev Gokhale and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural gas is quickly gaining popularity as a clean and obtainable energy resource. With increasing exploitation of this resource the calculation of original gas in place (OGIP) becomes a crucial first step to developing natural gas reservoirs in a profitable manner. Once an estimate for reserves has been established key economic decisions can be made to maximize profitability from a given field. Furthermore, the calculation of OGIP serves to appraise reservoir value and influences key decisions on asset takeovers. Due to the importance of OGIP to influence key decisions of economics and asset development, careful consideration must be given into the development of techniques that are used to calculate OGIP. Decline curve analysis has been a preferred tool used by the industry to assist in the calculation of OGIP. This study reviews existing methods of decline curve analysis and provides a new, explicit method to calculate OGIP. The proposed approach demonstrates the ability to map the Arps decline parameters to a rigorous boundary dominated flow equation. Previously, the determination of Arps decline parameters relied predominantly on empirical methods. This study presents a physically justifiable approach to calculate the Arps decline exponent prior to the analysis of production data. Furthermore, the utilization of the mapped Arps decline parameters to predict OGIP using a straight-line analysis technique for cases of constant reservoir drawdown is also investigated through numerical and field case studies.

Download or read book Comparison of Emperical Decline Curve Analysis for Shale Wells written by Mohammed Sami A. Kanfar and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study compares four recently developed decline curve methods and the traditional Arps or Fetkovich approach. The four methods which are empirically formulated for shale and tight gas wells are: 1. Power Law Exponential Decline (PLE). 2. Stretched Exponential Decline (SEPD). 3. Duong Method. 4. Logistic Growth Model (LGM). Each method has different tuning parameters and equation forms. The main objective of this work is to determine the best method(s) in terms of Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) accuracy, goodness of fit, and ease of matching. In addition, these methods are compared against each other at different production times in order to understand the effect of production time on forecasts. As a part of validation process, all methods are benchmarked against simulation. This study compares the decline methods to four simulation cases which represent the common shale declines observed in the field. Shale wells, which are completed with horizontal wells and multiple traverse highly-conductive hydraulic fractures, exhibit long transient linear flow. Based on certain models, linear flow is preceded by bilinear flow if natural fractures are present. In addition to this, linear flow is succeeded by Boundary Dominated Flow (BDF) decline when pressure wave reaches boundary. This means four declines are possible, hence four simulation cases are required for comparison. To facilitate automatic data fitting, a non-linear regression program was developed using excel VBA. The program optimizes the Least-Square (LS) objective function to find the best fit. The used optimization algorithm is the Levenberg-Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) and it is used because of its robustness and ease of use. This work shows that all methods forecast different EURs and some fit certain simulation cases better than others. In addition, no method can forecast EUR accurately without reaching BDF. Using this work, engineers can choose the best method to forecast EUR after identifying the simulation case that is most analogous to their field wells. The VBA program and the matching procedure presented here can help engineers automate these methods into their forecasting sheets. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151124

Download or read book Decline Curve Analysis in Unconventional Resource Plays Using Logistic Growth Models written by Aaron James Clark and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current models used to forecast production in unconventional oil and gas formations are often not producing valid results. When traditional decline curve analysis models are used in shale formations, Arps b-values greater than 1 are commonly obtained, and these values yield infinite cumulative production, which is non-physical. Additional methods have been developed to prevent the unrealistic values produced, like truncating hyperbolic declines with exponential declines when a minimum production rate is reached. Truncating a hyperbolic decline with an exponential decline solves some of the problems associated with decline curve analysis, but it is not an ideal solution. The exponential decline rate used is arbitrary, and the value picked greatly effects the results of the forecast. A new empirical model has been developed and used as an alternative to traditional decline curve analysis with the Arps equation. The new model is based on the concept of logistic growth models. Logistic growth models were originally developed in the 1830s by Belgian mathematician, Pierre Verhulst, to model population growth. The new logistic model for production forecasting in ultra-tight reservoirs uses the concept of a carrying capacity. The carrying capacity provides the maximum recoverable oil or gas from a single well, and it causes all forecasts produced with this model to be within a reasonable range of known volumetrically available oil. Additionally the carrying capacity causes the production rate forecast to eventually terminate as the cumulative production approaches the carrying capacity. The new model provides a more realistic method for forecasting reserves in unconventional formations than the traditional Arps model. The typical problems encountered when using conventional decline curve analysis are not present when using the logistic model. Predictions of the future are always difficult and often subject to factors such as operating conditions, which can never be predicted. The logistic growth model is well established, robust, and flexible. It provides a method to forecast reserves, which has been shown to accurately trend to existing production data and provide a realistic forecast based on known hydrocarbon volumes.

Download or read book A Study of Decline Curve Analysis in the Elm Coulee Field written by Seth C Harris and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last two years, due in part to the collapse of natural gas prices, the oil industry has turned its focus from shale gas exploration to shale oil/tight oil. Some of the important plays under development include the Bakken, Eagle Ford, and Niobrara. New decline curve methods have been developed to replace the standard Arps model for use in shale gas wells, but much less study has been done to verify the accuracy of these methods in shale oil wells. The examples that I investigated were Arps with a 5% minimum decline rate as well as the stretched exponential model (SEPD) and the Duong method. There is a great amount of uncertainty about how to calculate reserves in shale reservoirs with long multi-fractured horizontals, since these wells have not yet been produced to abandonment. Although the Arps model can reliably describe conventional reservoir production decline, it is still uncertain which empirical decline curve method best describes a shale oil well to get a rapid assessment of expected recovery. My focus began in the oil window of the Eagle Ford, but I ultimately chose to study the Elm Coulee field (Bakken formation) instead to see what lessons an older tight oil play could lend to newer plays such as the Eagle Ford. Contrary to existing literature, I have found evidence from diagnostic plots that many horizontal wells in the Elm Coulee that began producing in 2006 and 2007 have entered boundary-dominated flow. In order to accommodate boundary flow I have modified the Duong and SEPD methods such that once boundary-dominated flow begins the decline is described by an Arps curve with a b-value of 0.3. What I found from hindcasting was that early production history, up to six months, is generally detrimental to accurate forecasting in the Elm Coulee. This was particularly true for the Arps with 5% minimum decline or the Duong method. Early production history often contains apparent bilinear flow or no discernible trend. There are many possible reasons for this, particularly the rapid decrease in bottomhole pressure and production of fracture fluid. The electronic version of this dissertation is accessible from http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/151644

Download or read book Reservoir Engineering written by Sylvester Okotie and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a clear and basic understanding of the concept of reservoir engineering to professionals and students in the oil and gas industry. The content contains detailed explanations of key theoretic and mathematical concepts and provides readers with the logical ability to approach the various challenges encountered in daily reservoir/field operations for effective reservoir management. Chapters are fully illustrated and contain numerous calculations involving the estimation of hydrocarbon volume in-place, current and abandonment reserves, aquifer models and properties for a particular reservoir/field, the type of energy in the system and evaluation of the strength of the aquifer if present. The book is written in oil field units with detailed solved examples and exercises to enhance practical application. It is useful as a professional reference and for students who are taking applied and advanced reservoir engineering courses in reservoir simulation, enhanced oil recovery and well test analysis.

Download or read book Reservoir Engineering Handbook written by Tarek H. Ahmed and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2001 with total page 1212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book wxplains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application in conducting a comprehensive field study.Two new chapters have been included in this second edition: chapter 14 and 15.

Download or read book Production Decline Curves Using Data from California Oilfields written by Ralph V. Higgins and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Hoss Belyadi and published by Gulf Professional Publishing. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydraulic Fracturing in Unconventional Reservoirs: Theories, Operations, and Economic Analysis, Second Edition, presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing. Enhanced to include today's newest technologies, such as machine learning and the monitoring of field performance using pressure and rate transient analysis, this reference gives engineers the full spectrum of information needed to run unconventional field developments. Covering key aspects, including fracture clean-up, expanded material on refracturing, and a discussion on economic analysis in unconventional reservoirs, this book keeps today's petroleum engineers updated on the critical aspects of unconventional activity. - Helps readers understand drilling and production technology and operations in shale gas through real-field examples - Covers various topics on fractured wells and the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in one complete reference - Presents the latest operations and applications in all facets of fracturing

Download or read book Development and Application of a Specialized Type Curve for Analysis of Shale Gas Production Performances written by Xiang Xu and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding production performances of shale gas wells is important for reserves assessment and production optimization. Type curve analysis is a practical method used in the industry; but there are a number of limitations in applying traditional type curves in shale gas reservoirs because of the unique storage and flow mechanisms in shale gas reservoir. Thus specialized type curves are necessary.In this research, first I understood the storage and flow mechanisms in conventional and shale gas reservoirs; then I critically reviewed development and applications of type curves in conventional and shale gas reservoirs. The third step I developed a specialized multiphase, multi-mechanics type curves capable of analyzing production performances of shale gas wells based on our numerical simulation results, and finally applied and validated my type curves in a Marcellus well. This newly developed type curves could help engineers analyze shale gas well performances and identify potential production issues in a systematic and pragmatic manner.

Download or read book Informing the Modified Hyperbolic Decline Curve0 9s Minimum Decline Parameter with Numerical Simulation in Unconventional Reservoirs written by Zakary Kypfer and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ne of the most important aspects in the life-cycle of a petroleum well is understanding, and being able to reasonably predict, the total hydrocarbon output that a well will have through its producing life. The estimation of reserves has strong economic and legal implications that will not only determine whether a well-drilling plan is viable but also the worth of a company itself. This study aims to better understand the two primary production forecasting methods used in the petroleum industry: decline curve analyses and numerical reservoir simulations, and their ability to complement one another to make a better-informed production forecast when used together. Decline curve analyses have a heavy reliance on prior hydrocarbon production data which presents difficulty in forecasting during early-term behavior due to a lack of production data; however, reservoir simulations are stronger in early well-life because they are based more heavily on reservoir parameters. The objective is to use reservoir simulations to inform the decline curve's early time behavior, by informing parameters in their equations such as Dmin, while developing a correlational relationship between the two forecasting techniques that could be applied and translated to other reservoirs in the future. A decline curve analysis was performed on a three-well study area and Dmin values of 6%, 8%, and 10% were evaluated. The matching process of the decline curves heavily relied on the cumulative production in addition to the production rates, which used a thirty-day rolling average of the daily production data. Two equivalent numerical reservoir simulation models were built for the Eagle Ford which primarily used literature sourced values for the properties. The models were history matched to the observed data very well, though each model indicated different conclusions for a suggested Dmin value. Further compounding the results, the range of uncertainty in the matrix porosity property is larger than the range of the Dmin values. Due to this, the authors are not able to use the simulation models to inform parameters in decline curve analyses nor attempt to translate that relationship to other reservoirs.