Download or read book Evolution of Translational Omics written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-09-13 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technologies collectively called omics enable simultaneous measurement of an enormous number of biomolecules; for example, genomics investigates thousands of DNA sequences, and proteomics examines large numbers of proteins. Scientists are using these technologies to develop innovative tests to detect disease and to predict a patient's likelihood of responding to specific drugs. Following a recent case involving premature use of omics-based tests in cancer clinical trials at Duke University, the NCI requested that the IOM establish a committee to recommend ways to strengthen omics-based test development and evaluation. This report identifies best practices to enhance development, evaluation, and translation of omics-based tests while simultaneously reinforcing steps to ensure that these tests are appropriately assessed for scientific validity before they are used to guide patient treatment in clinical trials.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Chemical Biology written by Norberto Peporine Lopes and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2017-11-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass spectrometry is one of the most widespread technologies in chemistry and has been increasingly used in biology with the rise of omics sciences. This book summarizes some important methodological approaches in mass spectrometry and applications in the field of chemical biology. The core chapters build on basic concepts introduced in the opening chapter and explore established fields such as high throughput screening, proteomics and metabolomics. Emerging applications of mass spectrometry in elucidating biosynthetic pathways, enzyme mechanisms and protein-protein interactions are then presented. Connections between these diverse research fields are highlighted throughout. The book concludes with a discussion of databases and future perspectives. This book will be a useful tool to early chemical biology researchers wishing to incorporate mass spectrometry as a tool in their research.

Download or read book Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery written by Haleem J. Issaq and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-20 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery demonstrates how to leverage biomarkers to improve accuracy and reduce errors in research. Disease biomarker discovery is one of the most vibrant and important areas of research today, as the identification of reliable biomarkers has an enormous impact on disease diagnosis, selection of treatment regimens, and therapeutic monitoring. Various techniques are used in the biomarker discovery process, including techniques used in proteomics, the study of the proteins that make up an organism, and metabolomics, the study of chemical fingerprints created from cellular processes. Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery is the only publication that covers techniques from both proteomics and metabolomics and includes all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution. The book describes methods, and presents a standard operating procedure for sample selection, preparation, and storage, as well as data analysis and modeling. This new standard effectively eliminates the differing methodologies used in studies and creates a unified approach. Readers will learn the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques discussed, as well as potential difficulties inherent to all steps in the biomarker discovery process. A vital resource for biochemists, biologists, analytical chemists, bioanalytical chemists, clinical and medical technicians, researchers in pharmaceuticals, and graduate students, Proteomic and Metabolomic Approaches to Biomarker Discovery provides the information needed to reduce clinical error in the execution of research. - Describes the use of biomarkers to reduce clinical errors in research - Includes techniques from a range of biomarker discoveries - Covers all steps involved in biomarker discovery, from study design to study execution

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory written by Hari Nair and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-11-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass Spectrometry for the Clinical Laboratory is an accessible guide to mass spectrometry and the development, validation, and implementation of the most common assays seen in clinical labs. It provides readers with practical examples for assay development, and experimental design for validation to meet CLIA requirements, appropriate interference testing, measuring, validation of ion suppression/matrix effects, and quality control. These tools offer guidance on what type of instrumentation is optimal for each assay, what options are available, and the pros and cons of each. Readers will find a full set of tools that are either directly related to the assay they want to adopt or for an analogous assay they could use as an example. Written by expert users of the most common assays found in a clinical laboratory (clinical chemists, toxicologists, and clinical pathologists practicing mass spectrometry), the book lays out how experts in the field have chosen their mass spectrometers, purchased, installed, validated, and brought them on line for routine testing. The early chapters of the book covers what the practitioners have learned from years of experience, the challenges they have faced, and their recommendations on how to build and validate assays to avoid problems. These chapters also include recommendations for maintaining continuity of quality in testing. The later parts of the book focuses on specific types of assays (therapeutic drugs, Vitamin D, hormones, etc.). Each chapter in this section has been written by an expert practitioner of an assay that is currently running in his or her clinical lab. Provides readers with the keys to choosing, installing, and validating a mass spectrometry platform Offers tools to evaluate, validate, and troubleshoot the most common assays seen in clinical pathology labs Explains validation, ion suppression, interference testing, and quality control design to the detail that is required for implementation in the lab

Download or read book ADME Enabling Technologies in Drug Design and Development written by Donglu Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-04-30 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive guide to cutting-edge tools in ADME research The last decade has seen tremendous progress in the development of analytical techniques such as mass spectrometry and molecular biology tools, resulting in important advances in drug discovery, particularly in the area of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). ADME-Enabling Technologies in Drug Design and Development focuses on the current state of the art in the field, presenting a comprehensive review of the latest tools for generating ADME data in drug discovery. It examines the broadest possible range of available technologies, giving readers the information they need to choose the right tool for a given application, a key requisite for obtaining favorable results in a timely fashion for regulatory filings. With over thirty contributed chapters by an international team of experts, the book provides: A thorough examination of current tools, covering both electronic/mechanical technologies and biologically based ones Coverage of applications for each technology, including key parameters, optimal conditions for intended results, protocols, and case studies Detailed discussion of emerging tools and techniques, from stem cells and genetically modified animal models to imaging technologies Numerous figures and diagrams throughout the text Scientists and researchers in drug metabolism, pharmacology, medicinal chemistry, pharmaceutics, toxicology, and bioanalytical science will find ADME-Enabling Technologies in Drug Design and Development an invaluable guide to the entire drug development process, from discovery to regulatory issues.

Download or read book Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry written by Alison E Ashcroft and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2021-11-11 with total page 621 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade, the use of ion mobility separation in combination with mass spectrometry analysis has developed significantly. This technique adds a unique extra dimension enabling the in-depth analysis of a wide range of complex samples in the areas of the chemical and biological sciences. Providing a comprehensive guide to the technique, each chapter is written by an internationally recognised expert and with numerous different commercial platforms to choose from, this book will help the end users understand the practicalities of using different instruments for different ion mobility purposes. The first section provides a detailed account of the fundamentals behind the technique and the current range of available instrumentation. The second section focusses on the wide range of applications that have benefitted from ion mobility – mass spectrometry and includes topics taken from current research in the pharmaceutical, metabolomics, glycomics, and structural molecular biology fields. The book is primarily aimed at researchers, appealing to practising chemists and biochemists, as well as those in the pharmaceutical and medical fields.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry written by Edmond de Hoffmann and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2001-10-10 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a complete overview of the principles, theories and key applications of modern mass spectrometry in this introductory textbook. Following on from the highly successful first edition, this edition is extensively updated including new techniques and applications. All instrumental aspects of mass spectrometry are clearly and concisely described; sources, analysers and detectors. * Revised and updated * Numerous examples and illustrations are combined with a series of exercises to help encourage student understanding * Includes biological applications, which have been significantly expanded and updated * Also includes coverage of ESI and MALDI

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines written by Aihua Zhang and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-20 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Highlights the importance and benefit of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for identifying biomarkers that accurately screen for potential biomarkers of diseases Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics offer new opportunities for biomarker discovery in complex diseases and may provide pathological understanding of diseases beyond traditional technologies. It is the systematic analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites in biological samples and has been applied to discovering and identifying the perturbed pathways. Currently, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics has become an important tool in clinical research and the diagnosis of human disease. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines comprehensively presents the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics such as metabolites analysis, biomarker discovery, technical challenges, discovery of natural product, mechanism interpretation of action, discovery of active ingredients, clinical application and precision medicine, and enhancing their biomedical value in a real world of biomedicine, shedding light on the potential for spectrometry-based metabolomics. It highlights the value of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and metabolism to address the complexity of herbal medicines in systems pharmacology, especially, to link phytochemical analysis with the assessment of pharmacological effect and therapeutic potential. Each chapter has been laid out with introduction, method, up-to-date literature, identification of biomarker, and applications Covers the current state, challenges, and applications of high-throughput mass spectrometry-based metabolomics in the discovery of biomarker, active ingredients, natural product, etc. Constitutes a unique and indispensable practical guide for any phytochemistry or related laboratory, and provides hands-on description of new techniques Provides a guide for new practitioners of pharmacologists, pharmacological scholars, drug developers, botanist, researchers of traditional medicines. Mass Spectrometry-Based Metabolomics in Clinical and Herbal Medicines provides a landmark of mass spectrometry-based metabolomics research and a beneficial guideline to graduate students and researchers in academia, industry, and technology transfer organizations in all biomedical science fields.

Download or read book Proteome Informatics written by Conrad Bessant and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-11-15 with total page 429 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of proteomics has developed rapidly over the past decade nurturing the need for a detailed introduction to the various informatics topics that underpin the main liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) protocols used for protein identification and quantitation. Proteins are a key component of any biological system, and monitoring proteins using LC-MS/MS proteomics is becoming commonplace in a wide range of biological research areas. However, many researchers treat proteomics software tools as a black box, drawing conclusions from the output of such tools without considering the nuances and limitations of the algorithms on which such software is based. This book seeks to address this situation by bringing together world experts to provide clear explanations of the key algorithms, workflows and analysis frameworks, so that users of proteomics data can be confident that they are using appropriate tools in suitable ways.

Download or read book The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry written by Keith A. Nier and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-07-02 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part B: Notable People in Mass Spectrometry of The Encyclopedia of Mass Spectrometry briefly reviews the lives and works of many of the major people who carried out this development, providing insights into the history of mass spectrometry applications through the personal stories of pioneers and innovators in the field. The book presents biographies of notable contributors, including Nobel Prize winners J. J. Thomson, Francis W. Aston, Wolfgang Paul, John B. Fenn, and Koichi Tanaka, along with other luminaries in the field, including Franz Hillenkamp, Catherine Clarke Fenselau, Alfred O. C. Nier, and many more, discussing not only the instruments and their uses, but also providing interesting information on the careers, characters, and life stories of the people who did the work. - Highlights over 120 innovators in mass spectrometry, including several Nobel Prize winners - Discusses instrumentation and their uses, also providing interesting information on the careers, characters, and life stories of the people who did the work - Offers unique insight into the careers and personalities of luminaries in the field - Coordinates with Volume 9: Historical Perspectives, Part A: The Development of Mass Spectrometry, an overview of mass spectrometry development and progress - Ideal reference for those interested in a wide variety of topics, including analytical chemistry and chemical analysis, amongst others

Download or read book General Methods in Biomarker Research and their Applications written by Victor R. Preedy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a major sea change in the way disease is diagnosed and investigated due to the advent of high throughput technologies, such as microarrays, lab on a chip, proteomics, genomics, lipomics, metabolomics etc. These advances have enabled the discovery of new and novel markers of disease relating to autoimmune disorders, cancers, endocrine diseases, genetic disorders, sensory damage, intestinal diseases etc. In many instances these developments have gone hand in hand with the discovery of biomarkers elucidated via traditional or conventional methods, such as histopathology or clinical biochemistry. Together with microprocessor-based data analysis, advanced statistics and bioinformatics these markers have been used to identify individuals with active disease or pathology as well as those who are refractory or have distinguishing pathologies. New analytical methods that have been used to identify markers of disease and is suggested that there may be as many as 40 different platforms. Unfortunately techniques and methods have not been readily transferable to other disease states and sometimes diagnosis still relies on single analytes rather than a cohort of markers. There is thus a demand for a comprehensive and focused evidenced-based text and scientific literature that addresses these issues. Hence the formulation of Biomarkers in Disease. The series covers a wide number of areas including for example, nutrition, cancer, endocrinology, cardiology, addictions, immunology, birth defects, genetics and so on. The chapters are written by national or international experts and specialists.

Download or read book The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping written by John C. Lindon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-10-04 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is the definitive work on the rapidly developing subject of metabolic phenotyping. It explores in detail the wide array of analytical chemistry and statistical modeling techniques used in the field, coupled with surveys of the various application areas in human development, nutrition, disease, therapy, and epidemiology to create a comprehensive exploration of the area of study. It covers recent studies that integrate the various -omics data sets to derive a systems biology view. It also addresses current issues on standardization, assay and statistics validation, and data storage and sharing. Written by experts with many years of practice in the field who pioneered many of the approaches widely used today, The Handbook of Metabolic Phenotyping is a valuable resource for postgrads and research scientists studying and furthering the field of metabolomics. - Contains theoretical and practical explanations of all the main analytical chemistry techniques used in metabolic phenotyping - Explores, in detail, the many diverse statistical approaches used in the field - Offers practical tips for successfully conducting metabolic phenotyping studies - Features reviews of all of the various fields of activity relating to human studies

Download or read book Miniaturization and Mass Spectrometry written by Severine le Gac and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2008-12-03 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recent explosion in the use of analytical chemistry, particularly in the biological sciences, has led to a need for fast, reliable and highly sensitive tools able to handle small sample sizes. This book illustrates how microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip devices can satisfy the growing need for miniaturized and enhanced analysis. They lend themselves well to mass spectrometric detection as they use samples in the low microlitre range and are handled on a chip. Miniaturization and Mass Spectrometry focuses on one particular technique, mass spectrometry, whose popularity has increased dramatically in the last two decades with the increase in use of biological analysis and the development of two "soft" ionization techniques, ESI and MALDI. These enable the analysis of large but fragile biological molecules such as DNA, proteins and oligosaccharides. The book starts with an introduction to the coupling of microfluidics to mass spectrometry techniques. It then goes on demonstrate the advantages of such a coupling: the MS analysis benefits from improved sample preparation when performed on a chip while MS yields more information on the sample handled on the chip compared to conventional optical detection. A history on the developments in this field, starting from the off-chip coupling to the on-chip ionization, is also provided. Daniel Figeys, a pioneer in the development of microfluidic systems for MS analysis, describes the early beginnings of this hyphenated analysis technique. Solutions to couple microfluidic systems to the two most popular ionization methods, ESI and MALDI, are presented throughout the chapters. Various examples are given of the application of this microfluidics-MS hyphenated analysis technique to proteomics, metabolomics, organic chemistry and forensics. Coverage is not limited to academic research. The development of commercialized systems and their current use for routine biological analysis are also presented. Lastly, a future vision of the integration of the mass spectrometer on the chip is raised, as a last step to yield fully portable systems for on-site analysis.

Download or read book Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2019-01-05 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientific advances over the past several decades have accelerated the ability to engineer existing organisms and to potentially create novel ones not found in nature. Synthetic biology, which collectively refers to concepts, approaches, and tools that enable the modification or creation of biological organisms, is being pursued overwhelmingly for beneficial purposes ranging from reducing the burden of disease to improving agricultural yields to remediating pollution. Although the contributions synthetic biology can make in these and other areas hold great promise, it is also possible to imagine malicious uses that could threaten U.S. citizens and military personnel. Making informed decisions about how to address such concerns requires a realistic assessment of the capabilities that could be misused. Biodefense in the Age of Synthetic Biology explores and envisions potential misuses of synthetic biology. This report develops a framework to guide an assessment of the security concerns related to advances in synthetic biology, assesses the levels of concern warranted for such advances, and identifies options that could help mitigate those concerns.

Download or read book Research and Clinical Applications of Targeting Gastric Neoplasms written by Brendan Jenkins and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-17 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and Clinical Applications of Targeting Gastric Neoplasms provides a comprehensive overview of gastrointestinal cancers, covering preclinical research and clinical findings related to risk factors, current treatment regimens (including immunotherapy), screening/detection methods, etiology of disease, precision medicine and future perspectives. Gastrointestinal cancers rank among the most lethal and common worldwide, and as such, there is intense research into their diverse causes and treatment options. This reference provides a consolidation of the research, making it a perfect resource for basic science and clinical researchers as well as oncologists who work in gastroenterology and GI tract cancer fields. - Provides comprehensive coverage of preclinical research and the clinical aspects of gastric cancer - Presents future perspectives from leading researchers in the field who provide the potential for furthering research topics - Combines the expertise of researchers in GI tracts, cancer, immunity, immunology, infectious disease and microbiology for an interdisciplinary approach

Download or read book Departments of Labor Health and Human Services Education and Related Agencies Appropriations for 1994 written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, Education, and Related Agencies and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 2410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-12-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.