Download or read book Organic Molecular Crystals written by Edgar A. Silinsh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is based on the results of many years of experimental work by the author and his colleagues, dealing with the electronic properties of organic crystals. E. Silinsh has played a leading role in pOinting out the importance of the polarization energy by an excess carrier, in determining not only the character of the carrier mobility in organic crystals, but in determining the band gap and the nature of the all-important trapping site in these crystals. The one-electron model of electronic conductivity that has been so successful in dealing with inorganic semiconductors is singular ly unsuccessful in rationalizing the unusual physical properties of organic crystals. A many-body theory is required, and the experimental manifestation of this is the central role played by the crystal polarization enerqies in transferring the results obtained with the isolated molecule, to the solid. The careful studies of E. Silinsh in this field have shown tn detail how this polarization energy develops around the excess carrier (and also the hole-electron pair) sitting on a molecular site in the crystal. As with all insulators, trapping sites playa dominant role in reducing the magnitude of ~he current that can theoretically pass through the organic crystal. It is usually the case that these trapping sites are energetically distributed within the forbidden band of the crystal. For many years, an exponential distribution has shown itself to be useful and reasonably correct: However,' E.
Download or read book Growth of Crystals written by A. V. Shubnikov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first volume in the present series contained the papers read at the first conference on crystal growth. This second volume appears during the interval between the first and second conferences, and contains various papers on crystal growth, in addition to the late S. K. Popov's major contribution on growing synthetic corundum. The papers to some extent represent work that has been done in the USSR since the first conference. Some of the papers break entirely fresh ground. We hope that the series will act as a means of contact between Soviet scientists who work on crystal growth, or on producing technically important monocrystals. This contact between scientists is essential. Work on this important topic cannot advance unless such con tact is brought about. A. V. Shubnikov and N. N. Sheftal' vii 1. THEORETICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS THE THERMODYNAMICS OF CRYSTALLIZATION PRESSURE V. Ya. Khaimov-Mal'kov It has often [1-14] been observed that crystals growing in a medium containing foreign particles repel the particles as well as trap them. Our photographs (Figs. 1,2, and 3) show such repulsion. Lavalle [4] was the first to notice the effect in 1853. There is as yet no agreement in explanation for the effects, nor is there any agree l ment in data onthe pressures that may occur. Somegive values of 10 kg/ cm or so [3-5. 10], others only a few g/cmt [6,7,12,14]. The latter value has been adopted in monographs on crystal growth [l3, 15].
Download or read book The Crystal Structures of Some Thorium and Uranium Compounds written by Norman Charles Baenziger and published by . This book was released on 1951 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The chemistry and metallurgy of thorium and uranium were investigated extensively by workers on the Manhattan Project during the past few years. These investigations were pursued by all available scientific methods. Among these, the X-ray diffraction method provided a powerful tool for phase identification and structure determination, which greatly assisted in the solution of the metallurgical and chemical problems. Isostructural compounds with the composition U6M (where M = Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni) have been found and the structure determined. Single crystals, examined by the rotation, oscillation, Laue, and Weissenberg methods, exhibited the diffraction of D4h - 4/mmm.
Download or read book Photochemistry written by D Bryce-Smith and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2007-10-31 with total page 577 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breadth of scientific and technological interests in the general topic of photochemistry is truly enormous and includes, for example, such diverse areas as microelectronics, atmospheric chemistry, organic synthesis, non-conventional photoimaging, photosynthesis, solar energy conversion, polymer technologies, and spectroscopy. This Specialist Periodical Report on Photochemistry aims to provide an annual review of photo-induced processes that have relevance to the above wide-ranging academic and commercial disciplines, and interests in chemistry, physics, biology and technology. In order to provide easy access to this vast and varied literature, each volume of Photochemistry comprises sections concerned with photophysical processes in condensed phases, organic aspects which are sub-divided by chromophore type, polymer photochemistry, and photochemical aspects of solar energy conversion. Volume 34 covers literature published from July 2001 to June 2002. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading authorities in the relevant subject areas, the series creates a unique service for the active research chemist, with regular, in-depth accounts of progress in particular fields of chemistry. Subject coverage within different volumes of a given title is similar and publication is on an annual or biennial basis.
Download or read book The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting written by J. B. Birks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Theory and Practice of Scintillation Counting is a comprehensive account of the theory and practice of scintillation counting. This text covers the study of the scintillation process, which is concerned with the interactions of radiation and matter; the design of the scintillation counter; and the wide range of applications of scintillation counters in pure and applied science. The book is easy to read despite the complex nature of the subject it attempts to discuss. It is organized such that the first five chapters illustrate the fundamental concepts of scintillation counting. Chapters 6 to 10 detail the properties and applications of organic scintillators, while the next four chapters discuss inorganic scintillators. The last two chapters provide a review of some outstanding problems and a postscript. Nuclear physicists, radiation technologists, and postgraduate students of nuclear physics will find the book a good reference material.
Download or read book Dislocations in Solids written by Hideji Suzuki and published by VSP. This book was released on 1985-12 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume comprises the Proceedings of the Yamada Conference IX on Dislocations in Solids, held in August 1984 in Tokyo. The purpose of the conference was two-fold: firstly to evaluate the increasing data on basic properties of dislocations and their interaction with other types of defects in solids and, secondly, to increase understanding of the material properties brought about by dislocation-related phenomena. Metals and alloys, semi-conductors and ions crystals were discussed. One of the important points of contention was the electronic state at the core of dislocation. Another was the dislocation model of amorphous structure.
Download or read book Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals written by N.I. Ostapenko and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Spectroscopy of Defects in Organic Crystals presents a masterly summary of the widespread and voluminous literature on the subject, presenting theoretical and experimental investigations of electron and vibronic optical spectra of organic crystals. Electronic states of defects combine to form crystal near-to-band and band levels. These are discrete states in the vicinity of exciton bands, surface and dislocational excitons, etc. Some studies have expressed dissimilar or even conflicting opinions about the nature of observed phenomena. In the choice of the material, preference has been given to phenomena which have received a theoretical interpretation. Some attention is paid to observations which are not completely understood and also to effects predicted but not yet confirmed. The monograph will be useful for scientists as well as undergraduate and postgraduate students of solid state physics.
Download or read book Coal tar and Ammonia written by Georg Lunge and published by . This book was released on 1909 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Structure and Properties of Biomolecules Volume 7 written by J. Duchesne and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-08 with total page 768 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Chemical Physics series provides the chemical physics and physical chemistry fields with a forum for critical, authoritative evaluations of advances in every area of the discipline. Filled with cutting-edge research reported in a cohesive manner not found elsewhere in the literature, each volume of the Advances in Chemical Physics series serves as the perfect supplement to any advanced graduate class devoted to the study of chemical physics.
Download or read book A dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences written by Henry Watts (F.C.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1879 with total page 1250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volume 25 Optical Methods of Investigating Solid Bodies written by D. V. Skobel tsyn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The principal results of the work are as follows: 1. A simplified technique was devised for obtaining Raman spectra of powders. 2. The Raman and infrared absorption spectra of the following oxides were investigated: AsP3' SbP3' As 0 - SbP5. Te02. Ge02 (two forms) in the crystalline state, and ASP3' Ge02' Te0 in the glassy state. 2 5 2 3. The vibrational spectra of the crystalline and glassy forms of the oxides ASP3' Ge02' Te02 are simi lar in many main respects, indicating a similarity of their structural units which determine the vibrational spec tra of these substances. 4. By a study of the vibrational spectrum it was shown that arsenious anhydride has a molecular structure and consists of As0 molecules having symmetry of the point group Td' The force constants and vibration fre 4 6 quencies of the As 0 molecule were calculated. and the vibrational spectrum of arsenious anhydride was re 4 6 liably interpreted with the aid of these results. 5. A similar result was obtained for antimonous anhydride. consisting of Sb0 molecule.s with symmetry 4 6 ofthe point group Td. The force constants for this molecule were found and the vibrational spectrum was calculated.
Download or read book Mechanochromism written by David J. Fisher and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2019-07-20 with total page 151 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mechanochromism (or piezochromism) refers to the emission of radiation as a result of the stressing, deforming or breaking of solids. The great current interest in these processes is due to the immense potential for monitoring and recording stresses, wear and fracture. There is, for instance, the possibility of turning such materials into optical pressuresensors and structural damage sensors. Mechanochromic polymers, for example, could visually signal sub-micron damage and failure long before macroscopic cracks became detectable. The range of such high-tech applications is almost unlimited. The book references 325 original resources and includes their direct web link for in-depth reading.
Download or read book Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting written by Donald Horrocks and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Liquid Scintillation Counting deals with liquid scintillation counting and its applications in fields such as the biosciences, medicine, environmental and space sciences, chemistry, and physics. These applications include dual-labeled counting; Cerenkov counting; radioimmunoassay, chemiluminescence and bioluminescence; pulse shape discrimination; flow cell counting; and large-volume counters. This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with a historical overview of the liquid scintillation method, the first liquid scintillation counters, and early scintillator solutes. The following chapters focus on the theory of liquid scintillation counting; the components of the liquid scintillator solution; and the development of the liquid scintillation counter and multiplier phototubes. The discussion then turns to the detection and measurement of different types of particles produced by radionuclides using liquid scintillation techniques; the techniques and problems of sample preparations (homogeneous and heterogeneous); oxidation techniques; and importance and difference of several types of counting vials. The sources of quenching in counting samples and methods of monitoring and correction for variable quench within samples are also considered. Several special applications of liquid scintillation techniques are presented, including dual-labeled counting, radioimmunoassay, and flow cell counting. In conclusion, the statistical considerations involved in determining the reliability and accuracy of data obtained by nuclear counting techniques are highlighted. This monograph will serve as a reliable source of information for those who are already using or starting to use liquid scintillation counting techniques.
Download or read book Cooley s Cyclopaedia of Practical Receipts written by Cooley and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Springer Handbook of Crystal Growth written by Govindhan Dhanaraj and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-20 with total page 1823 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, many successful attempts have been chapters in this part describe the well-known processes made to describe the art and science of crystal growth, such as Czochralski, Kyropoulos, Bridgman, and o- and many review articles, monographs, symposium v- ing zone, and focus speci cally on recent advances in umes, and handbooks have been published to present improving these methodologies such as application of comprehensive reviews of the advances made in this magnetic elds, orientation of the growth axis, intro- eld. These publications are testament to the grow- duction of a pedestal, and shaped growth. They also ing interest in both bulk and thin- lm crystals because cover a wide range of materials from silicon and III–V of their electronic, optical, mechanical, microstructural, compounds to oxides and uorides. and other properties, and their diverse scienti c and The third part, Part C of the book, focuses on - technological applications. Indeed, most modern ad- lution growth. The various aspects of hydrothermal vances in semiconductor and optical devices would growth are discussed in two chapters, while three other not have been possible without the development of chapters present an overview of the nonlinear and laser many elemental, binary, ternary, and other compound crystals, KTP and KDP. The knowledge on the effect of crystals of varying properties and large sizes. The gravity on solution growth is presented through a c- literature devoted to basic understanding of growth parison of growth on Earth versus in a microgravity mechanisms, defect formation, and growth processes environment.
Download or read book Nuclear Radiation Detectors written by S. S. Kapoor and published by New Age International. This book was released on 1986-04 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cooley s Cyclop dia of Practical Receipts and Collateral Information in the Arts Manufactures Professions and Trades written by Arnold James Cooley and published by . This book was released on 1892 with total page 920 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
