Download or read book Antarctic Security in the Twenty First Century written by Alan D. Hemmings and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-11-27 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic Treaty (1959) was adopted for the purpose of bringing peace and stability to Antarctica and to facilitate cooperation in scientific research conducted on and around the continent. It has now been over fifty years since the signing of the treaty, nevertheless security continues to drive and shape the laws and policy regime which governs the region. Antarctic Security in the Twenty-First Century: Legal and Policy Perspectives assess Antarctic security from multiple legal and policy perspectives. This book reviews the existing security construct in Antarctica, critically assesses its status in the early part of the Twenty-First century and considers how Antarctic security may be viewed in both the immediate and distant future. The book assesses emerging new security threats, including the impact of climate change and the issues arising from increased human traffic to Antarctica by scientists, tourists, and mariners. The authors call into question whether the existing Antarctic security construct framed around the Antarctic Treaty remains viable, or whether new Antarctic paradigms are necessary for the future governance of the region. The contributions to this volume engage with a security discourse which has expanded beyond the traditional military domain to include notions of security from the perspective of economics, the environment and bio-security. This book provides a contemporary and innovative approach to Antarctic issues which will be of interest to scholars of international law, international relations, security studies and political science as well as policy makers, lawyers and government officials with an interest in the region.
Download or read book The United States and Antarctica in the 21st Century written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Antarctica written by Doaa Abdel-Motaal and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2016-09-28 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thawing Antarctic continent offers living space and marine and mineral resources that were previously inaccessible. This book discusses how revisiting the Antarctic Treaty System and dividing up the continent preemptively could spare the world serious conflict. The Antarctic Treaty and related agreements—collectively known as the Antarctic Treaty System (ATS)—regulate the seventh continent, which is the only continent without a native human population. The main treaty within the ATS came into force in 1961 and suspended all territorial claims in Antarctica. The Antarctic Environmental Protocol followed in 1998 and prohibited any minerals exploitation in the continent. With this prohibition up for review in 2048, this book asks whether the Antarctic Treaty can continue to protect Antarctica. Doaa Abdel-Motaal—an expert on environmental issues who has traveled through the Arctic and Antarctic—explains that the international community must urgently turn its attention to examining how to divide up the thawing continent in a peaceful manner. She discusses why the Antarctic Treaty is unlikely to be an adequate measure in the face of international competition for invaluable resources in the 21st century. She argues that factors such as global warming, the growth in climate refugees that the world is about to witness, and the increasingly critical quest for energy resources will make the Antarctic continent a highly sought-after objective. Readers will come to appreciate that what has likely protected Antarctica so far was not the Antarctic Treaty but the continent's harsh climate and isolation. With Antarctica potentially becoming habitable only a few decades from now, revisiting the Antarctic Treaty in favor of an orderly division of the continent is likely to be the best plan for avoiding costly conflict.
Download or read book Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica written by Klaus Dodds and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2017-01-27 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic and Southern Ocean are hotspots for contemporary endeavours to oversee 'the last frontier' of the Earth. The Handbook on the Politics of Antarctica offers a wide-ranging and comprehensive overview of the governance, geopolitics, international law, cultural studies and history of the region. Four thematic sections take readers from the earliest human encounters to contemporary resource exploitation and climate change. Written by leading experts, the Handbook brings together the very best interdisciplinary social science and humanities scholarship on the Antarctic and Southern Ocean.
Download or read book Antarctica Operational Concerns for the 21st Century written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Antarctic Region has received little attention from either national or military leaders since the late 1950's. The reason is that the Antarctic Treaty, signed in 1961, has been able to provide a means for continued stability and security in the region. It has been a treaty whose success has been made possible by a rare consensus of the national interests of nations involved in the region. This consensus, however, is coming under more and more pressure as nations reassess their interests in light of the effective end of the Cold War. Emerging nations are becoming more assertive and better able to contend for what they see as their share of the world's resources. The future disposition of the Antarctic with its unresolved sovereignty and its resource potential will eventually become a contentious issue. Conflict in this region over sovereignty or regional influence would threaten U.S. national security interests and could require a military response. The employment of military force in the Antarctic would, however, be extremely difficult due to the number of severe operational constraints inherent to the region. Military planners, especially at the CINC level, need to be aware of these constraints and develop contingency plans that focus directly on operations in this region.
Download or read book Polar Geopolitics written by Richard C. Powell and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2014-01-31 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The polar regions (the Arctic and Antarctic) have enjoyed widespread public attention in recent years, as issues of conservation, sustainability, resource speculation and geopolitical manoeuvring have all garnered considerable international media inter
Download or read book Indo pacific Security Us china Rivalry And Regional States Responses written by Nicholas Kay Siang Khoo and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2024-01-03 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Following the 2008 Beijing Olympics and Global Financial Crisis, China's foreign policy shifted to become more assertive, effecting a systematic deterioration in the US-China relationship. In 2017, the US' China policy shifted from that of 'engagement' to 'strategic competition' under Trump — a policy which has remained under the Biden administration.Indo-Pacific Security: US-China Rivalry and Regional States' Responses explores how states in the Indo-Pacific region have had to adjust to the reality and implications of this growing great power rivalry. In the process, this book fills a gap in the area studies, international relations, and security studies literature. It provides a compelling account of the trajectory of US-China relations while illuminating the varied responses of regional states: from Australia, India and Japan, to South Korea, Thailand, Taiwan, and Pacific Island states.
Download or read book Ice Ice Maybe written by Hila Levy and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This study assesses the United States’ evolving role as a Great Antarctic Power over the past two centuries to assess why the U.S. has not yet included the Antarctic as an area of strategic concern, and whether a shift in approach might be appropriate. The polar regions have received growing attention in the face of domestic Great Power Competition narratives, but the Antarctic receives minimal attention within the national security enterprise. This thesis covers the historical and modern value of the region’s resources and location, amid a legacy of national competition for territory and prestige. The author shows how American relations with allies, increasing fear of militarization, and a desire to freeze territorial claims in the shadow of the Cold War eventually led to the U.S.-led Antarctic Treaty of 1959. The structural and systemic limitations of the evolving Antarctic Treaty System are explored in depth, particularly regarding decision-making, transparency and inspections, mineral resource exploitation, and living resource management. The challenges and unique Antarctic governance model imbue a different measure of power in the region, largely centered on science and logistics, that contributes to both alarmism and indifference in the face of Chinese and Russian activities in the 21st century. The Antarctic budget, personnel, infrastructure, equipment, and narratives of the U.S., People’s Republic of China, and Russian Federation are analyzed to provide nuance to Antarctic strategy development. The work concludes that Antarctica cannot be excluded from national-level strategy vis-à-vis the other great powers and long-time allies. Policymakers wishing to enhance Arctic security should also take note of the benefit of a broader strategy that enhances interests at both poles. The rapidly changing physical environment, increase in interested parties and non-state actors may destabilize the United States’ status quo Antarctic policies without immediate reflection upon domestic bureaucratic structures, budget, logistics, and long-term human capital and messaging strategies."--Abstract.
Download or read book The Space Law Stalemate written by Anja Nakarada Pečujlić and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-21 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The governing international space law regime has been locked in a norm-creation stalemate for over 40 years. This stalemate endangers the preservation of established, guiding legal principles, as well as the sustainability of the parts of outer space that humans utilize. The discrepancy between norm creation, technological advancement, and the ecosystem of novel actors could generate serious consequences for future space activities and the nature of international relations. Besides the return of old rivalries in a New Cold War, new activities and actors emerging amidst a legal void emphasizes the risks of the stalemate: unstable peace, fragile cooperation, uneven technological development, and uncertain eco-sustainability. The prolonged legal stalemate cannot be treated simply as an academic question, for it has broader political and economic implications of growing strategic relevance. Unresolved issues in international space law could threaten the survival of space as a global common, thus it is essential that the ability of the norm-creation mechanism of UN COPUOS is equipped to address the ongoing changes and provide for adequate global governance. This book evaluates the current legal state and sheds light on potential future prospects, offering an overview of the political context within which it developed, providing an assessment of the selected successful examples in international law, and analyzing lessons learned. It makes recommendations for how the UN COPUOS legal apparatus should be modified in order to ensure that future space activities are possible beyond anarchy, greed, and ecological irresponsibility, and to ensure that the principle of the peaceful uses of outer space remains the governing norm.
Download or read book Science and Geopolitics of The White World written by Prem Shankar Goel and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-27 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together thirteen selected papers presented in the Third International Seminar on Science and Geopolitics of Arctic-Antarctic-Himalaya, held in India in September 2015. The papers and have been grouped according to the Seminar’s three main themes: a) Geopolitics of the Polar Regions, b) Global Climate Change and Polar Regions, and c) Climate Change and Himalayan Region.
Download or read book Research Handbook on Polar Law written by Karen N. Scott and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2020-12-25 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This timely Research Handbook explores the concept of polar law as a coherent body of law and as a set of rules and principles that applies to both the Arctic and Antarctic. It captures the evolution of polar law and policy, identifying future directions for research in this emerging and growing field.
Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Polar Law written by Yoshifumi Tanaka and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-07-25 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polar law describes the normative frameworks that govern the relationships between humans, States, Peoples, institutions, land and resources in the Arctic and the Antarctic. These two regions are superficially similar in terms of natural environmental conditions but the overarching frameworks that apply are fundamentally different. The Routledge Handbook of Polar Law explores the legal orders in the Arctic and Antarctic in a comparative perspective, identifying similarities as well as differences. It points to a distinct discipline of "Polar law" as the body of rules governing actors, spaces and institutions at the Poles. Four main features define the collection: the Arctic-Antarctic interface; the interaction between global, regional and domestic legal regimes; the rights of Indigenous Peoples; and the increasing importance of private law. While these broad themes have been addressed to varying extents elsewhere, the editors believe that this Handbook brings them together to create a comprehensive (if never exhaustive) account of what constitutes Polar law today. Leading scholars in public international and private law as well as experts in related fields come together to offer unique insights into polar law as a burgeoning discipline.
Download or read book Sovereign Mars written by Jacob Haqq-Misra and published by University Press of Kansas. This book was released on 2022-11-09 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of sending humans to Mars is becoming increasingly technologically feasible, but the prospect of space colonization raises important questions about civilizational ethics and collective morality. History shows how destructive colonialism has been, resulting in centuries-long struggles to achieve liberation from the violent competition for land and resources by colonial powers. Space settlement poses the same temptation on a cosmic scale, with commercial actors and government space agencies doing the work previously carried out by European empires. The question is whether humans will take a different approach in this new frontier. In Sovereign Mars, astrobiologist Jacob Haqq-Misra argues that settling Mars offers humankind a transformative opportunity to avoid the mistakes of the past by “liberating Mars” as a sovereign planet from the start. Rather than see space as a way to escape human problems on Earth, Mars presents humanity with a challenge to address these problems by thinking carefully about the theory and practice of civilization. Drawing on past examples of cooperative sovereignty, such as the Outer Space Treaty of 1967, the United Nations Law of the Sea Conventions, and the Antarctic Treaty System, Haqq-Misra begins a conversation about governance in space well in advance of the first arrival of humans on Mars and makes the case for an analogous approach to space that will preserve the space environment and benefit future generations. Haqq-Misra examines the emergence of sovereignty in space through the lens of historical precedent on Earth and develops models of shared governance that could maximize the transformative potential of Mars settlement. Sovereign Mars proposes the planet would serve humankind best as an independent planetary state, a juridical peer to Earth, to enable new experiments in human civilization and develop a pragmatic model for shared governance on Mars.
Download or read book Security and International Law written by Mary E Footer and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2016-06-16 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Of the many challenges that society faces today, possibly none is more acute than the security of ordinary citizens when faced with a variety of natural or man-made disasters arising from climate and geological catastrophes, including the depletion of natural resources, environmental degradation, food shortages, terrorism, breaches of personal security and human security, or even the global economic crisis. States continue to be faced with a range of security issues arising from contested territorial spaces, military and maritime security and security threats relating to energy, infrastructure and the delivery of essential services. The theme of the book encompasses issues of human, political, military, socio-economic, environmental and energy security and raises two main questions. To what extent can international law address the types of natural and man-made security risks and challenges that threaten our livelihood, or very existence, in the twenty-first century? Where does international law fall short in meeting the problems that arise in different situations of insecurity and how should such shortcomings be addressed?
Download or read book Anthropocene Antarctica written by Elizabeth Leane and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-10-02 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthropocene Antarctica offers new ways of thinking about the ‘Continent for Science and Peace’ in a time of planetary environmental change. In the Anthropocene, Antarctica has become central to the Earth’s future. Ice cores taken from its interior reveal the deep environmental history of the planet and warming ocean currents are ominously destabilising the glaciers around its edges, presaging sea-level rise in decades and centuries to come. At the same time, proliferating research stations and tourist numbers challenge stereotypes of the continent as the ‘last wilderness.’ The Anthropocene brings Antarctica nearer in thought, entangled with our everyday actions. If the Anthropocene signals the end of the idea of Nature as separate from humans, then the Antarctic, long considered the material embodiment of this idea, faces a radical reframing. Understanding the southern polar region in the twenty-first century requires contributions across the disciplinary spectrum. This collection paves the way for researchers in the Environmental Humanities, Law and Social Sciences to engage critically with the Antarctic, fostering a community of scholars who can act with natural scientists to address the globally significant environmental issues that face this vitally important part of the planet.
Download or read book The Greening of Antarctica written by Alessandro Antonello and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Greening of Antarctica Alessandro Antonello investigates the development of an international regime of environmental protection and management between the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 and the signing of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. In those two decades, the Antarctic Treaty parties and an international community of scientists reimagined what many considered a cold, sterile, and abiotic wilderness as a fragile and extensive regional ecosystem. Antonello investigates this change by analyzing the negotiations and developments surrounding four environmental agreements: the Agreed Measures for the Conservation of Antarctic Fauna and Flora in 1964; the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Seals in 1972; a voluntary restraint resolution on Antarctic mining in 1977; and the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. Though distant from world populations, Antarctica has long been a site of inter-state contest for geopolitical power and standing. This book reveals how a range of contests, geopolitical, epistemic and imaginative, created the environmental protection regime of the Antarctic Treaty System, and discusses the tension between states' individual searches for power and the collective desire for stability in the region. In this international and diplomatic context, the actors were not only trying to keep relations between themselves orderly, but they were also using treaties to order the human relationship with the environment. Drawing on a wide range of international archives, many newly-opened, The Greening of Antarctica offers the first detailed narrative of a crucial period in Antarctic history and reveals the contours of global environmental thought and diplomacy in the transformative Age of Ecology.
Download or read book Antarctic Futures written by Tina Tin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At the beginning of the 21st century, Antarctica is poised at the edge of a warmer and busier world. Leading Antarctic researchers examine the needs and challenges of Antarctic environmental management today and tomorrow. Through: (i) investigating the impacts of human activities on specific ecosystems and species, (ii) examining existing environmental management and monitoring practices in place in various regions and (iii) interrogating stakeholders, they address the following questions: What future will Business-As-Usual bring to the Antarctic environment? Will a Business-As-Usual future be compatible with the objectives set out under the Antarctic Treaty, especially its Protocol on Environmental Protection? What actions are necessary to bring about alternative futures for the next 50 years? This volume is an outcome of the International Polar Year (2007-2009) Oslo Science Conference (8-12, June, 2010).
