Download or read book Recrystallization and Related Annealing Phenomena written by F.J. Humphreys and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annealing of deformed materials is of both technological importance and scientific interest. The phenomena have been most widely studied in metals, although they occur in all crystalline materials such as the natural deformation of rocks and the processing of technical ceramics. Research is mainly driven by the requirements of industry, and where appropriate, the book discusses the extent to which we are able to formulate quantitative, physically-based models which can be applied to metal-forming processes.The subjects treated in this book are all active research areas, and form a major part of at least four regular international conference series. However, there have only been two monographs published in recent times on the subject of recrystallization, the latest nearly 20 years ago. Since that time, considerable advances have been made, both in our understanding of the subject and in the techniques available to the researcher.The book covers recovery, recrystallization and grain growth in depth including specific chapters on ordered materials, two-phase alloys, annealing textures and annealing during and after hot working. Also contained are treatments of the deformed state and the structure and mobility of grain boundaries, technologically important examples and a chapter on computer simulation and modelling. The book provides a scientific treatment of the subject for researchers or students in Materials Science, Metallurgy and related disciplines, who require a more detailed coverage than is found in textbooks on physical metallurgy, and a more coherent treatment than will be found in the many conference proceedings and review articles.
Download or read book Crystal Growth Technology written by Kullaiah Byrappa and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-03-21 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystals are the unacknowledged pillars of modern technology. The modern technological developments depend greatly on the availability of suitable single crystals, whether it is for lasers, semiconductors, magnetic devices, optical devices, superconductors, telecommunication, etc. In spite of great technological advancements in the recent years, we are still in the early stage with respect to the growth of several important crystals such as diamond, silicon carbide, PZT, gallium nitride, and so on. Unless the science of growing these crystals is understood precisely, it is impossible to grow them as large single crystals to be applied in modern industry. This book deals with almost all the modern crystal growth techniques that have been adopted, including appropriate case studies. Since there has been no other book published to cover the subject after the Handbook of Crystal Growth, Eds. DTJ Hurle, published during 1993-1995, this book will fill the existing gap for its readers.The book begins with ""Growth Histories of Mineral Crystals"" by the most senior expert in this field, Professor Ichiro Sunagawa. The next chapter reviews recent developments in the theory of crystal growth, which is equally important before moving on to actual techniques. After the first two fundamental chapters, the book covers other topics like the recent progress in quartz growth, diamond growth, silicon carbide single crystals, PZT crystals, nonlinear optical crystals, solid state laser crystals, gemstones, high melting oxides like lithium niobates, hydroxyapatite, GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy, superconducting crystals, morphology control, and more. For the first time, the crystal growth modeling has been discussed in detail with reference to PZT and SiC crystals.
Download or read book Stoichiometry in Crystal Compounds and Its Influence on Their Physical Properties written by I͡U. M. Popov and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 1988 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CIP lists title as: Stoichiometry and its influence on the physical properties of crystalline compounds. The papers cover investigations of A 2 B 6 and A 4 B 6 crystal compounds and certain A 3B 5 compound heterostructures. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Download or read book An Automatic Electric Annealing Furnace written by Joseph A. Adamski and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A novel technique for annealing corundum crystals consists in rapidly cooling the crystals to room temperature after growth is complete, transferring them to an automatically programmed electric furnace and reheating them to 1980 deg. C, and then cooling them at the same rate as they were brought up to the annealing temperature. The total cycle is 32 hr. Results are consistently reproducible. (Author).
Download or read book Mechanical Twinning of Crystals written by M. V. Klassen-Neklyudova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph is not confined to mechanical twinning in the narrow sense (lattice reorientation in re sponse to mechanical stress); it deals also with many effects related to mechanical twinning. such as formation of reoriented regions in response to high temperatures (martensite transformations. recrystallization twins). elec tric fields (ferroelectric domains). and magnetiC fields (magnetic domains). Mechanical reorientation is discussed for classical twinning and also for an inhomogeneous distribution of residual stresses (irrational twinning. kinking. and so on). Mechanical twinning in the narrow sense (regular. symmetrical lattice reorientation in response to me chanical stress) was for many years a specialist topic for mineralogists. petrographers. and crystallographers. Mineralogists and crystallographers carried out the study of the basic geometrical relationships in twinning; the principal names here are MUgge, Niggli. Johnsen. Reusch. Baumhauer. Churchman. Wallerant. Evans. and FriedeL The laws of mechanical twinning are now widely used in mineral identification and in elucidating the conditions of formation of rocks from the minerals they contain. The distribution of the twin bands in rock forming minerals enables one to establish the later processes that have occurred in the rock. Mechanical twinning is discussed by geOlogiSts and petrologists in the analYSis of flow effects. The importance of mechanical twinning in the plastic deformation and rupture of crystalline solids was W stressed by Academician V.I. Vernadskii in 1897 and by Kirpicheva ina paper entitled WFatigue in Metals in 1914.
Download or read book An Introduction to Electrooptic Devices written by Ivan P. Kaminow and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An Introduction to Electrooptic Devices aims to present an introduction to the electrooptic effect and to summarize work on devices employing the electrooptic effect. The book provides the necessary background in classical crystal optics. The text then discusses topics including crystal symmetry, the tensor description of linear dielectric properties, propagation in anisotropic media, and passive crystal optic devices. The book also describes the phenomenological description of tensor nonlinear dielectric properties of crystals, with emphasis on the electrooptic effect; device design and application; and a listing of linear electrooptic coefficients for various substances. People involved in the study of electrooptic devices will find the text invaluable.
Download or read book Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X Ray Methods written by B.K. Tanner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute entitled "Characterization of Crystal Growth Defects by X-ray Methods' held in the University of Durham, England from 29th August to 10th September 1979. The current interest in electronic materials, in particular silicon, gallium aluminium arsenide, and quartz, and the recent availability of synchrotron radiation for X-ray diffraction studies made this Advanced Study Institute particularly timely. Two main themes ran through the course: 1. A survey of the various types of defect occurring in crystal growth, the mechanism of their different methods of generation and their influence on the properties of relativelY perfect crystals. 2. A detailed and advanced course on the observation and characterization of such defects by X-ray methods. The main emphasis was on X-ray topographic techniques but a substantial amount of time was spent on goniometric techniques such as double crystal diffractometry and gamma ray diffraction. The presentation of material in this book reflects these twin themes. Section A is concerned with defects, Section C with techniques and in linking them. Section B provides a concise account of the basic theory necessary for the interpretation of X-ray topographs and diffractometric data. Although the sequence follows roughly the order of presentation at the Advanced Study Institute certain major changes have been made in order to improve the pedagogy. In particular, the first two chapters provide a vital, and seldom articulated, case for the need for characterization for crystals used in device technologies.
Download or read book The Formation of Annealing Twins written by J. E. Burke and published by . This book was released on 1949 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Science of Ceramic Machining and Surface Finishing written by Samuel J. Schneider and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tuning electronic properties of transition metal oxides at nanoscale by means of redox processes written by Karol Cieslik and published by Karol Cieslik. This book was released on with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The climate crisis that we are facing has galvanized the scientific and engineering communities and has led to the rapid development of new, efficient, environmentally-friendly devices. One of the most promising classes of materials for such applications are transition metal oxides. This is due to the fact that by controlling the oxygen content in these crystals by means of reduction and oxidation, the material properties can be tuned in a wide range of values. Thus, the transition metal oxides, such as the model crystals, titanium dioxide (TiO2) and strontium titanate (SrTiO3), find use in so many different fields, from photocatalysis, to energy storage (solid oxide fuel cells), information technology (memristors) and even healthcare (antibacterial films). This PhD thesis is an investigation into the effect of reduction and oxidation on the electronic properties of transition metal oxides. These processes were studied at nanoscale using a multitude of techniques to provide a thorough characterization of the changes that occur in the studied systems, i.e. TiO2 and SrTiO3. Moreover, the experiments were performed in both ultra high vacuum (UHV) conditions, as well as in oxygen, and even in atmospheric air, in order to comprehensively describe the changes in properties and to bring the results closer to applications. The goal of the dissertation was to study the evolution of the electronic properties, i.e. the work function and conductivity, due to redox processes, and to add to the general understanding of these processes. The experiments revealed that the electronic properties may be tuned. In case of using reduction by means of annealing in UHV, ion sputtering, and repeated ion sputtering and annealing, and for oxidation by exposure to oxygen or air at room temperature, and annealing in oxygen. Using this range of methods, the conductivity of TiO2 can be changed from semiconductive-like to metallic-like. Furthermore, the work function of the transition metal oxides can be tuned in a wide range, from 3.4 eV to 5.0 eV for TiO2, and from 2.9 eV to 4.5 eV for SrTiO3. This is associated with changes in surface and subsurface composition, crystallography, morphology and even with the growth of new oxide phases. The key findings in the field of surface science were the description of the changes in electronic properties due to repeated sputtering and annealing, and the presence of oxygen getter substances. These results are important, because they touch upon the very basis of every experiment in the field, i.e. the preparation of crystals. This work can be used to foster greater reproducibility of experiments, as well to provide new means of designing experiments. Another object of the study was the technologically interesting system of conductive nanowires on semiconductive SrTiO3 substrate. It was shown that the nanostructures are composed of a TiO core covered with a layer of Ti3O5. The evolution of the system, starting from atomically flat strontium titanate, through nanowire-covered substrate to a crystal with a layer of porous titanium suboxides was described. The effect of annealing in oxygen on wire-covered surface was been investigated.
Download or read book Study of Electronic Properties of 122 Iron Pnictide Through Structural Carrier Doping and Impurity Scattering Effects written by Tatsuya Kobayashi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-07 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis presents various characteristics of 122-type iron pnictide (FeSC) such as crystal and electronic structure, carrier-doping effect, and impurity-scattering effect, using transport, magnetization, specific heat, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and optical spectral measurements. Most notably the measurement on the magnetic fluctuation in the material successfully explains already known unusual electronic properties, i.e., superconducting gap symmetry, anisotropy of in-plane resistivity in layered structure, and charge dynamics; and comparing them with those of normal phase, the controversial problems in FeSCs are eventually settled. The thesis provides broad coverage of the physics of FeSCs both in the normal and superconducting phase, and readers therefore benefit from the efficient up-to-date study of FeSCs in this thesis. An additional attraction is the detailed description of the experimental result critical for the controversial problems remaining since the discovery of FeSC in 2008, which helps readers follow up recent developments in superconductor research.
Download or read book NBS Special Publication written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Materials Science and Engineering Serving Society written by R.P.H. Chang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1998-12-23 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This symposium was organised with the aim of encouraging collaboration in international science and engineering communities for the benefit of human kind. It consisted of invited talks by experts on materials and poster presentation papers. Approximately 140 scientists participated and the resulting proceedings present an up-to-date review of the research in this area.
Download or read book Interfacial Phenomena in Metals and Alloys written by Lawrence Eugene Murr and published by Addison Wesley Publishing Company. This book was released on 1975 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book High Z Materials for X ray Detection written by Leonardo Abbene and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-01 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will provide readers with a good overview of some of most recent advances in the field of High-Z materials. There will be a good mixture of general chapters in both technology and applications in opto-electronics, X-ray detection and emerging optoelectronics applications. The book will have an in-depth review of the research topics from world-leading specialists in the field.
Download or read book Critical Currents In Superconductors Proceedings Of The 7th International Workshop written by H W Weber and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1994-08-31 with total page 716 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of superconductivity at the boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen continue to challenge physicists, materials scientists and engineers all over the world eight years after the discovery of high temperature superconductivity. The key to a solution of today's problems lies in the optimization of the defect structure in well-oriented oxide materials as well as in a fundamental understanding of the magnetic microstructures in the mixed state and how they are affected by the crystallographic nature ('dimensionality') of these materials. Fifteen invited overview lectures as well as approximately 150 contributed papers highlight the state of the art in this important field of superconductivity and review our current knowledge of critical currents in superconductors.
Download or read book Superconductivity Research Horizons written by Eugene H. Peterson and published by Nova Publishers. This book was released on 2007 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Superconductivity is the ability of certain materials to conduct electrical current with no resistance and extremely low losses. High temperature superconductors, such as La2-xSrxCuOx (Tc=40K) and YBa2Cu3O7-x (Tc=90K), were discovered in 1987 and have been actively studied since. In spite of an intense, world-wide, research effort during this time, a complete understanding of the copper oxide (cuprate) materials is still lacking. Many fundamental questions are unanswered, particularly the mechanism by which high-Tc superconductivity occurs. More broadly, the cuprates are in a class of solids with strong electron-electron interactions. This important book brings together leading research in this dynamic field.
