Download or read book MALDI Mass Spectrometry for Synthetic Polymer Analysis written by Liang Li and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-10-22 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practices of Polymer Mass Spectrometry helps readers acquire the skills necessary for selecting the optimal methods, handling samples, analyzing the data, and interpreting the results of the mass spectrometry of polymers. This guide describes the principles of polymer MS and best practices in polymer characterization. It discusses different approaches, including MALDI, ESI, TOF MS, and FT-MS. It provides a guide to developing appropriate sample preparation protocols for different polymers. Complete with examples of applications and experiments, this is an excellent reference for scientists, researchers, graduate students, and others.

Download or read book Analysis of Synthetic Polymers by Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry written by David E. Dabney and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The utilization of MS and MS/MS techniques have resulted in the complete characterization of chain-end, in-chain and cyclic polystyrene and polybutadiene as well as an analytical method which allows the rapid determination of the location of functionality as well as determining if the material is linear or cyclic. The characterization of in-chain polystyrene is described and compared to chain-end polymers comprised with similar functionality. This allowed the differentiation of fragment ions resulting from the CAD fragmentation between the two types of functionalization. Additionally, the MS/MS spectra of in-chain functional polymers allow the determination of average chain length on either side of the functional group. Further expansion of polystyrene understanding was accomplished by characterizing macrocycle polystyrene which also contained a functional group. The CAD spectrum provided conclusive proof that the material was in fact cyclic due to the observed monomer losses as a result of CAD induced ring opening. After ring opening the macrocycle behaves similarly to an in-chain functional polymer and produces a mid-mass range Poisson distribution corresponding to the chain length on each side of the functional group, however, in this case it does not directly correlate to average chain length. This cyclic fragmentation pattern was confirmed when cyclic non-functionalized polybutadiene was characterized. Here the mid-range Poisson distribution was absent due to no functionality being present. However, the same monomer loss was observed which further confirmed that the monomer loss was indeed a function of the ring opening rather than a spectral feature induced by the ToF/ToF mechanism being akin to PSD. This was further confirmed by using a Q/ToF to verify the monomer loss after ring opening. Characterization of polybutadiene without pyrolysis was also conducted. While the adherence to free radical degradation was maintained it was discovered that unlike polystyrene, polybutadiene perferentially fragments by internal arranagements. Finally, by comparing the different MS/MS fragmentation patterns of the various materials utilized for this work the ability to determine where the functional group is and whether or not the material is cyclic and further if the macrocycle contains functionalization is possible by simply observing the MS/MS fragmentation pattern."--Abstract.

Download or read book MALDI TOF Mass Spectrometry of Synthetic Polymers written by Harald Pasch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is one of the latest and most fascinating new developments in the analysis of organic compounds. Originally developed for the analysis of biomolecules, it has developed into one of the most powerful techniques for the characterization of synthetic polymers. This book describes the fundamentals of the MALDI process and the technical features of MALDI-TOF instrumentation. It reviews the application of MALDI-TOF for identification, chemical and molar mass analysis of synthetic polymers. With many examples, the monograph examines experimental protocols for the determination of endgroups, the analysis of copolymers and additives, and the coupling of liquid chromatography and MALDI-TOF in detail.

Download or read book MALDI Mass Spectrometry for Synthetic Polymer Analysis written by Liang Li and published by Wiley. This book was released on 2009-12-09 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles and Practices of Polymer Mass Spectrometry helps readers acquire the skills necessary for selecting the optimal methods, handling samples, analyzing the data, and interpreting the results of the mass spectrometry of polymers. This guide describes the principles of polymer MS and best practices in polymer characterization. It discusses different approaches, including MALDI, ESI, TOF MS, and FT-MS. It provides a guide to developing appropriate sample preparation protocols for different polymers. Complete with examples of applications and experiments, this is an excellent reference for scientists, researchers, graduate students, and others.

Download or read book Mass and Tandem Mass Spectrometric Studies on Synthetic Polymers written by Kittisak Chaicharoen and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization (MALDI) time of flight (ToF) mass spectrometry is a technique that has been used widely to characterize synthetic polymers. Mass spectrometric characterization is an essential tool in the determination of the comonomer composition and functionality distribution of synthetic polymers. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a two-dimensional technique that characterizes synthetic polymers in more detail. In this dissertation, poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) were examined by mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Particular emphasis was devoted to the elucidation of MS/MS fragmentation mechanisms. Such knowledge is a prerequisite for interpreting MS/MS spectra correctly, so that structural information can be deduced from them with confidence. Within the MS/MS studies, a nomenclature was developed to classify MS/MS fragments in a meaningful manner. [Image: Nomenclature for fragments from PMMA chains] Briefly, terminal fragments are labeled by one of the letter codes given in the chart, while internal fragments are labeled by J, K, L, etc. A radical site is indicated by · and the number of repeat units by the subscript. Both, PMMA and PMA chain ionized by alkali metal addition dissociate in the mass spectrometer by homolytic cleavages along the backbone which produce the incipient radical ions a[subscript n]·, b[subscript n]·, y [subscript n]· and z [subscript n]·. These radical ions undergo consecutive, radical-induced reactions which lead to the ultimately observed MS/MS fragments. Radical ions from PMMA as well as PMA dissociate by [beta]-scissions; those from PMA also dissociate by backbiting reactions which produce abundant internal fragments. Hyperbranched acrylate polymers were analyzed by MALDI mass spectrometry and MS/MS. The MALDI-MS data reveal the composition of the polymer, while the MALDI-MS/MS data provide information about the branching architecture. Upon MS/MS, linear as well as hyperbranched polymers dissociate through 1,5-hydrogen rearrangement over the ester group, as also found for polyesters. This reaction leads to unique products from branched isomers, thereby permitting their differentiation from linear isomers. A centrally functionalized polyethylene glycol (f-PEG) star has been investigated by MALDI-MS and MS/MS methods. The mass spectra confirm the repeating unit of 44,Da corresponding to [C2H4O1], and reveal identity of the functionality distributions generated in the synthesis. The fragmentation patterns observed in the MALDI-MS/MS experiments provide information about the lengths of the PEG chains attached to the central substituent. Polyesters are used in many applications, for example, in adhesives, coatings and for packaging. A polyester produced from an aliphatic diacid and an aliphatic diol was analyzed by MALDI mass and tandem mass spectrometry. The MS/MS data show that such polyesters mainly decompose by 1,5-H rearrangement along the ester bond. This behavior is very similar with that found for polyacrylates, where ester moieties are located in the side chains (pendants) instead of the polymer chain. The discovery of this unique dissociation feature, which has been overlooked thus far, opens the possibility to analyze copolymer sequences and branching geometries in ester-containing polymers based on the fragments generated from competitive and consecutive 1,5-H rearrangements. Tung oils were also examined by MALDI-MS and MALDI-MS/MS methods. The mass spectra indicate a triglyceride structure with three fatty acid ester groups, mainly C-18 eleostearates. From the MALDI-MS/MS results, it is possible to determine how the fatty acid chains have been derivatized by the Diel-Alder reaction.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry in Polymer Chemistry written by Christopher Barner-Kowollik and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-01-27 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combining an up-to-date insight into mass-spectrometric polymer analysis beyond MALDI with application details of the instrumentation, this is a balanced and thorough presentation of the most important and widely used mass-spectrometric methods. Written by the world's most proficient experts in the field, the book focuses on the latest developments, covering such technologies and applications as ionization protocols, tandem and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, gas-phase ion-separation techniques and automated data processing. Chapters on sample preparation, polymer degradation and the usage of mass-spectrometric tools on an industrial scale round off the book. As a result, both entrants to the field and experienced researchers are able to choose the appropriate methods and instrumentations -- and to assess their respective strengths and limitations -- for the characterization of polymer compounds.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry of Polymers written by Giorgio Montaudo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-10-29 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mass Spectrometry (MS) has rapidly become an indispensable tool in polymer analysis, and modern MS today complements in many ways the structural data provided by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and Infrared (IR) methods. Recent advances have sparked a growing interest in this field and established a need for a summary of progress made and results

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry of Polymers New Techniques written by Minna Hakkarainen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-03-14 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging Mass Spectrometric Tools for Analysis of Polymers and Polymer Additives, by Nina Aminlashgari and Minna Hakkarainen. Analysis of Polymer Additives and Impurities by Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry and Capillary Electrophoresis/Mass Spectrometry, by Wolfgang Buchberger and Martin Stiftinger. Direct Insertion Probe Mass Spectrometry of Polymers, by Jale Hacaloglu Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Oligo- and Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives, by Petra Mischnick. Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry for Molecular Level Understanding of Polymer Degradation, by Minna Hakkarainen.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry and Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polymers and Polymer protein Interactions written by Xiumin Liu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) are powerful techniques to characterize biomaterials and polymers, and to provide structural information, on top of the compositional insight determined by single stage mass spectrometry (MS). In this study, collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) were employed as MS2 fragmentation methods, and the resulting spectra were compared for specific compounds. The combination of MS2 with IM-MS was used for the characterization of protein conformation and the effect of polymers on protein conformational change. Chapter IV investigates the electron transfer dissociation (ETD) behavior of doubly charged ions with two different types of charges. Both CAD and ETD were used for the structural analysis of a protonated-sodiated peptide and sodiated-ammoniated polysaccharides. The advantages of ETD over CAD were documented with ETD spectra that showed more sequence-related fragment series for the peptide and revealed the location of the hydroxyethyl group on the pentamer of a polysaccharide. In Chapter V of this dissertation, the noncovalent interactions between proteins and polymers were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Many synthetic polymers, when used for biomedical applications, come in contact with biological fluids. The polymers can significantly affect protein conformations in these fluids. The soft ionization feature of ESI enables the correlation between protein conformation and charge state distribution in the mass spectrum and the detection of protein-polymer complexes. ESI-MS data indicated that certain polysiloxanes can partially denature proteins. Chapter VI focuses on the precise structural characterization of branched glycopolymers. The two reactive sites on a mannose inimer, the polymerizable vinyl group and the homolytically cleavable halogen, enable the formation of hyperbranched architectures which are challenging to characterization. The presence of structural isomers in the sample was proposed based on the reaction mechanism of the synthesis. IM-MS and MS2 were employed as main analytical techniques in this study to unequirocally confirm the formation of branched structures.

Download or read book Production and Analysis of Beams of Synthetic Polymers by Mass Spectrometry written by Julie Elizabeth Varney and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Structural Characterization of Synthetic Polymers and Copolymers Using Multidimensional Mass Spectrometry Interfaced with Thermal Degradation Liquid Chromatography And or Ion Mobility Separation written by Nadrah Alawani and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation focuses on coupling mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to thermal degradation, liquid chromatography (LC) and/or ion mobility (IM) spectrometry for the characterization of complex mixtures. In chapter II, an introduction of the history and the principles of mass spectrometry (MS) and liquid chromatography (LC) are discussed. Chapter III illustrates the materials and instrumentation used to complete this dissertation. Polyethers have been characterized utilizing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), as presented in Chapter IV and Chapter VI. Diblock copolymers of polyethylene oxide and polycaprolactone, PEO-b-PCL, have been characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization quadrupole/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-Q/ToF) and LC-MS/MS (Chapter V). Thermoplastic elastomers have been characterized by thermal degradation using an atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) and ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS), as discussed in Chapter VII. Interfacing separation techniques with mass spectrometry permitted the detection of species present with low concentration in complex materials and improved the sensitivity of MS. In chapter IV, the fragmentation mechanisms in MS/MS experiments of cyclic and linear poly(ethylene oxide) macroinitiators are discussed. This study aimed at determining the influence of end groups on the fragmentation pathways. In the study reported in Chapter V, ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) was interfaced with MS and MS/MS to achieve the separation and in-depth characterization and separation of amphiphilic diblock copolymers (PEO-b-PCL) in which the architecture of the PEO block is linear or cyclic. Applying UPLC-MS and UPLC-MS/MS provides fast accurate information about the number and type of the blocks in the copolymers. Chapter VI reports MS/MS and IM-MS analyses which were performed to elucidate the influence of molecular size and collision energy on the fragmentation pathways of polyethers subjected to collisionally activated dissociation (CAD). Survival yields and collision cross-sections were derived for several oligomers of polybutylene oxide (PBO) and polytetrahydrofuran (PTHF) polymers by MS/MS and IM-MS, in order to understand their fragmentation energetics and fully characterize their structures. In Chapter VII, application of atmospheric solids analysis probe (ASAP) and ion mobility (IM) separation were coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to characterize commercially available thermoplastic elastomers. These compounds are mainly composed of thermoplastic copolymers, but also contain additional chemicals to enhance their properties or to protect them from degradation. Using ASAP-IM-MS enables fast analysis, involving mild degradation at atmospheric pressure (ASAP) and subsequent characterization of the desorbates and pyrolyzates by ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Such multidimensional dispersion considerably simplifies the resulting spectra, permitting the conclusive separation and characterization of the multicomponent materials examined. Chapter VIII summarizes the findings of this dissertation and is followed by appendices with supplemental data and the copyright permissions obtained for this dissertation.

Download or read book Some Quantitative Aspects of the Analysis of Synthetic Polymers by Matrix assisted Laser Desorption ionization Time of flight Mass Spectrometry written by Robert J. Goldschmidt and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry Techniques for the Characterization of Synthetic Polymers Biopolymers Biodegradation Products and Their Interactions written by Madalis Casiano-Maldonado and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characterization of synthetic polymers and complex oligomeric mixtures by a combination of different mass spectrometry (MS) techniques is the main topic of this dissertation. Ion mobility (IM) separation and/or tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) were interfaced with single stage mass spectrometry for the fast, complete, precise and accurate characterization of different polymers, biopolymers, and biodegradation products. Additionally, the development of a mass spectrometry protocol for the quantitation of proteins adsorbed on different polymer surfaces was accomplished in this dissertation. Over the passed years, synthetic routes for the creation of PEGs have been modified by the elimination of organic catalysts and solvents and the application of green chemistry for the generation of new polymers. In Chapter 4 of this dissertation, MS and MS2 were employed, as the main analytical techniques, for the structural elucidation of enzyme-catalyzed, functionalized PEG and tetraethylene glycol (TEG) biomaterials. The samples analyzed were synthesized by two different processes, transesterification and Michael addition reactions, both of them using CALB as the catalyst. In Chapter 5 of this dissertation, polylactide was degraded using Proteinase K and its biodegradation products were analyzed by MS and MS2. Elucidation of its degradation products is important to the biomedical community; knowledge of these products helps to see any toxicity problems with the use of this polymer. The MS and MS2 results showed that the degradation products are short polylactide chains, down to the monomer. No other, potentially dangerous organics were detected. In the following chapter of this dissertation (Chapter 6), the adsorption of three model proteins onto two different surfaces was evaluated over a pH range. The results were explained on terms of polymer chemistry, surface morphology, proteins' isoelectricpoints and molecular dimensions. Finally, Chapter 7 reports how derivatization, degradation, or chromatographic separation can be avoided for the analysis of complex systems, if multidimensional mass spectrometry methods combining ion mobility separation and different ionization techniques are employed. Using this new approach complex poly([alpha]-peptoid) samples were characterized. The results showed that the main product in the system contained the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) moiety that served as ring-opening polymerization catalyst. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that elimination of the NHC segment leads to cyclic poly([alpha]-peptoid)s that have very similar conformations with comparably sized polypeptides.

Download or read book Structural Characterization of Synthetic Polymers by Mass Spectrometry written by Olli Laine and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Polymeromics written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Applications of New Mass Spectrometric Technologies for the Structural Characterisation of Synthetic Polymers written by Michael Jonathan Paul Smith and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work detailed herein describes the developments made using new mass spectrometric techniques for the structural characterisation of synthetic polymers. Electron-based tandem mass spectrometry techniques Electron Induced Dissociation (EID) and Hot Electron Capture Dissociation (HECD) have proven to be highly effective methods of characterising synthetic polymers. The product ion spectra obtained provided comparable structural information to Collision Induced Dissociation, both in terms of the types of ion formed and the monomer sequence covered. The application of EID and HECD to copolymer analysis provided a facile method of differentiating copolymers with a variety of architectures, including identification of structural isomers. Control of the charge carrier present demonstrated that electron-based tandem mass spectrometry results could be manipulated to maximise the amount of structural information obtained. For synthetic polymers, improved fragmentation efficiency using EID was achieved when the charge carrier present was a strong reducing agent. EID analysis of small organic molecules, demonstrated that the present of different charge carriers resulted in product ions that provided complementary structural information. This was proposed to be due to the different locations of charge carrier attachment within the molecule, which is supported by molecular modelling calculations. The application of Atmospheric pressure Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP) mass spectrometry facilitated the analysis of common synthetic polymers directly from solids, circumventing issues regarding solubility. Key instrument parameters were identified that maximised the intensity of the molecular ion peaks whilst restricting in-source fragmentation. The synthetic polymers were ionised without the requirement for metal salts, forming protonated and radical cation molecular ions. CID tandem mass spectrometry of these precursor ions demonstrated that they fragmented readily, where analysis of radical cations resulted in product ions that are not observed during CID of even electron precursor ions. ASAP, for the first time, was successfully applied to the structural characterisation of an insoluble block copolymer. The product ions provided information about the individual components of the copolymer, which could not be obtained by any other analytical technique.

Download or read book Mass Spectrometry of Functionalized Polymers written by Matthew J. Vergne and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: