Download or read book Analysis of Strategic Petroleum Reserve Bubble Point Pressure Data written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geistliches Gnaden Br nnlein mit zw lf R hren und eine Geschichte oder Exempel welche sich zu Dorfen in Unterlands Bayern mit unser lieben Frauen und einem armen Hirtenm gdlein zugetragen written by and published by . This book was released on 1739 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Summary of Degas II Performance at the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve Big Hill Site written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crude oil stored at the US Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) requires mitigation procedures to maintain oil vapor pressure within program delivery standards. Crude oil degasification is one effective method for lowering crude oil vapor pressure, and was implemented at the Big Hill SPR site from 2004-2006. Performance monitoring during and after degasification revealed a range of outcomes for caverns that had similar inventory and geometry. This report analyzed data from SPR degasification and developed a simple degas mixing (SDM) model to assist in the analysis. Cavern-scale oil mixing during degassing and existing oil heterogeneity in the caverns were identified as likely causes for the range of behaviors seen. Apparent cavern mixing patterns ranged from near complete mixing to near plug flow, with more mixing leading to less efficient degassing due to degassed oil re-entering the plant before 100% of the cavern oil volume was processed. The report suggests that the new cavern bubble point and vapor pressure regain rate after degassing be based on direct in-cavern measurements after degassing as opposed to using the plant outlet stream properties as a starting point, which understates starting bubble point and overstates vapor pressure regain. Several means to estimate the cavern bubble point after degas in the absence of direct measurement are presented and discussed.
Download or read book Petroleum Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compilation of Gas Intrusion Measurements Variations and Consequence Modeling for SPR Caverns written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intrusion of gas into oils stored within the SPR has been examined. When oil is stored in domal salts, gases intrude into the stored oil from the surrounding salt. Aspects of the mechanism of gas intrusion have been examined. In all cases, this gas intrusion results in increases in the oil vapor pressure. Data that have been gathered from 1993 to August 2002 are presented to show the resultant increases in bubble-point pressure on a cavern-by-cavern as well as on a stream basis. The measurement techniques are presented with particular emphasis on the TVP 95. Data analysis methods are presented to show the methods required to obtain recombined cavern oil compositions. Gas-oil ratios are also computed from the data and are presented on a cavern-by-cavern and stream basis. The observed increases in bubble-point pressure and gas-oil ratio are further statistically analyzed to allow data interpretation. Emissions plume modeling is used to determine adherence to state air regulations. Gas intrusion is observed to be variable among the sites and within each dome. Gas intrusions at Bryan Mound and Big Hill have resulted in the largest increases in bubble-point pressure for the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The streams at Bayou Choctaw and West Hackberry show minimal bubble-point pressure increases. Emissions plume modeling, using the state mandated ISCST code, of oil storage tanks showed that virtually no gas may be released when H2S standards are considered. DOE plans to scavenge H2S to comply with the very tight standards on this gas. With the assumption of scavenging, benzene releases become the next most controlling factor. Model results show that a GOR of 0.6 SCF/BBL may be emissions that are within standards. Employing the benzene gas release standard will significantly improve oil deliverability. New plume modeling using the computational fluid dynamics code, FLUENT, is addressing limitations of the state mandated ISCST model.
Download or read book Strategic Petroleum Reserve Equation of State Model Development written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report documents the progression of crude oil phase behavior modeling within the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve vapor pressure program during the period 2004-2009. Improvements in quality control on phase behavior measurements in 2006 coupled with a growing body of degasification plant operations data have created a solid measurement baseline that has served to inform and significantly improve project understanding on phase behavior of SPR oils. Systematic tuning of the model based on proven practices from the technical literature have shown to reduce model bias and match observed data very well, though this model tuning effort is currently in process at SPR and based on preliminary data. The current report addresses many of the steps that have helped to build a strong baseline of data coupled with sufficient understanding of model features so that calibration is possible.
Download or read book Observations on Vapor Pressure in SPR Caverns written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The oil of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) represents a national response to any potential emergency or intentional restriction of crude oil supply to this country, and conforms to International Agreements to maintain such a reserve. As assurance this reserve oil will be available in a timely manner should a restriction in supply occur, the oil of the reserve must meet certain transportation criteria. The transportation criteria require that the oil does not evolve dangerous gas, either explosive or toxic, while in the process of transport to, or storage at, the destination facility. This requirement can be a challenge because the stored oil can acquire dissolved gases while in the SPR. There have been a series of reports analyzing in exceptional detail the reasons for the increases, or regains, in gas content; however, there remains some uncertainty in these explanations and an inability to predict why the regains occur. Where the regains are prohibitive and exceed the criteria, the oil must undergo degasification, where excess portions of the volatile gas are removed. There are only two known sources of gas regain, one is the salt dome formation itself which may contain gas inclusions from which gas can be released during oil processing or storage, and the second is increases of the gases release by the volatile components of the crude oil itself during storage, especially if the stored oil undergoes heating or is subject to biological generation processes. In this work, the earlier analyses are reexamined and significant alterations in conclusions are proposed. The alterations are based on how the fluid exchanges of brine and oil uptake gas released from domal salt during solutioning, and thereafter, during further exchanges of fluids. Transparency of the brine/oil interface and the transfer of gas across this interface remains an important unanswered question. The contribution from creep induced damage releasing gas from the salt surrounding the cavern is considered through computations using the Multimechanism Deformation Coupled Fracture (MDCF) model, suggesting a relative minor, but potentially significant, contribution to the regain process. Apparently, gains in gas content can be generated from the oil itself during storage because the salt dome has been heated by the geothermal gradient of the earth. The heated domal salt transfers heat to the oil stored in the caverns and thereby increases the gas released by the volatile components and raises the boiling point pressure of the oil. The process is essentially a variation on the fractionation of oil, where each of the discrete components of the oil have a discrete temperature range over which that component can be volatized and removed from the remaining components. The most volatile components are methane and ethane, the shortest chain hydrocarbons. Since this fractionation is a fundamental aspect of oil behavior, the volatile component can be removed by degassing, potentially prohibiting the evolution of gas at or below the temperature of the degas process. While this process is well understood, the ability to describe the results of degassing and subsequent regain is not. Trends are not well defined for original gas content, regain, and prescribed effects of degassing. As a result, prediction of cavern response is difficult. As a consequence of this current analysis, it is suggested that solutioning brine of the final fluid exchange of a just completed cavern, immediately prior to the first oil filling, should be analyzed for gas content using existing analysis techniques. This would add important information and clarification to the regain process. It is also proposed that the quantity of volatile components, such as methane, be determined before and after any degasification operation.
Download or read book Application of Function Approximations to Reservoir Engineering written by Ezeddin Shirif and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013-01 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents new approaches to address three of some of the most important ongoing challenges in petroleum engineering. Multiple Regression Analysis and two deferent artificial intelligence techniques (Neural Networks, ANNs and Least Squares Support Vector Machines, LS-SVM) are applied to: (1) Estimate bubble point pressure, bubble point oil FVF, bubble point GOR and stock-tank vent GOR in the absence of experimental analysis. Unlike the present PVT correlations, they can be applied in a straightforward manner by using direct field data. (2) Predict and interpolate average reservoir pressure. Three different models are obtained to predict and interpolate average reservoir pressure without closing the producing wells. (3) Forecast the production of oil reservoirs. ANNs and LS-SVM are applied to predict the performance of oil production within water injection reservoirs. The historical production and injection data are used as inputs. The approach can be categorized as a new and rapid method with reasonable results. Another application of these models is that it can be utilized to find the most economical scenario of water injection to maximize ultimate oil recovery.
Download or read book NOS Strategic Petroleum Reserve Support Project Measurements and data quality assurance written by Henry R. Frey and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by David L. Weimer and published by Praeger. This book was released on 1982-11-19 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Filling the Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by E. Stanley Paul and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by Robert Bamberger and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) History of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR): Establishment of the SPR; (2) The Drawdown Authorities: Proposals in the 111th Congress to Amend the Authorities; (3) Acquisition of Crude Oil for the SPR: Resumption of Fill (2009); Royalty-in-Kind Acquisition; (4) When Should the SPR Be Used?: The Debate Over the Years; Use of the SPR in the Persian Gulf War (1990); Hurricanes and Changes in the Market Dynamics (2005-2008); The Call for an SPR Drawdown: Summer 2008; (5) Establishment of a Regional Home Heating Oil Reserve.
Download or read book The Strategic Petroleum Reserve written by United States. General Accounting Office and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation and Classification of Reserves of Crude Oil Natural Gas and Condensate written by Chapman Cronquist and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers all aspects of estimating and classifying reserves of crude oil, natural gas, and condensate attributed to primary recovery mechanisms. Both deterministic and probabilistic procedures are discussed. Reserves definitions for many of the major producing countries are provided, including a comparison of the US Securities and Exchange Commission and Society of Petroleum Engineers-World Petroleum Congress reserves definitions. Case histories illustrate reasons for errors in reserves estimation. Correlation charts and empirical equations to estimate pressure/volume/temperature properties of reservoir fluids are provided in one of several special appendices.
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The United States strategic petroleum reserve written by Dwight Clayton Kempf and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Correlation of Bubble point Pressure with Reservoir Fluid Composition and Temperature written by Edward Peter Miesch and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
