Download or read book Analysis of Select Wildlife Cases in South Africa written by Didi Wamukoya and published by African Wildlife Foundation. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is in the midst of a poaching and Illegal Wildlife Trade (IWT) crisis which threatens survival of many species. Poaching and IWT involves a wide range of species including insects, reptiles, amphibians, fish and mammals. IWT has been estimated by different sources to be worth USD 7–23 Billion annually. Targeted species in South Africa include terrestrial mammals such as rhino, endangered plants including cycads and marine species such as abalone. South Africa lost 1,215 rhinos to poaching in 2014 up from 13 rhinos lost in 2007. Demand for wildlife and wildlife products was driven by need for pharmaceuticals, food, pets, ornamental and traditional medicinal purposes. The poaching crisis and IWT are no longer emerging issues. The poaching crisis began in the mid 2000’s when demand for ivory and rhino horn significantly increased. From that time, wildlife crime has become more sophisticated and now involves large‐scale, transnational organised crime. The spike in wildlife crime poses a growing threat not only to wildlife but also to national security, rule of law, sustainable development, and the well‐being of local communities. The scale and nature of the challenges posed by wildlife crime have been recognized in international fora. International organizations such as CITES and INTERPOL have held discussions and made decisions on interventions to reduce or curb this crime. High level political conferences have also addressed the issue. Despite these national and international efforts, corruption, weak legislation, weak judicial systems and light sentences allow criminal networks to continue being involved in IWT because, to them, it is a low risk business with high returns. South Africa has enhanced its law enforcement efforts to combat poaching and IWT. The South African governmentʹs approach to criminal justice is contained in the overarching 1996 National Crime Prevention Strategy (NCPS). The NCPS motivated a shift in emphasis from crime control to crime prevention which is a shift towards understanding crime as a social issue rather than a solely security issue. It is based on 3 pillars, that is, improving the criminal justice process, reducing crime through environmental design, changing public values and education and reducing transnational crime. The 1998 White Paper on Safety and Security builds on this NCPS framework. It focuses on three key areas, namely law enforcement, crime prevention and institutional reform to meet delivery goals. While both these documents are still applicable to understand South Africa’s approach to criminal justice, the overall strategies seem to have shifted. The South African Police Service adopted a high profile strategy in March 2000 to combat crime in particular hotspots. The White Paper on Local Government 1998 also calls for crime prevention and encourages its integration with other aspects of local development. Partnerships with NGOs and community‐based organizations are called for especially in areas where local government lacks skills, including crime prevention. In 2012 Cabinet approved the Integrated Social Crime Prevention Strategy developed by the National Department of Social Development. Further the White Paper on Community Safety Forums (2012) led to the establishment of community safety forums, which are supposed to be coordinating structures at local government level. The National Development Plan published in 2012 also attaches significant importance to the safety. The key enforcement institution for wildlife crimes in South Africa is the Department of Environmental Affairs (DEA) through its Environmental Management Inspectorate (EMI). According to the DEA, illegal hunting continued to be the predominant wildlife crime in the 2014/2015 fiscal year. There were 386 arrests for rhino related offences which was an increase from 343 arrests in 2013. The number of environmental crimes finalised increased from 165 to 265 cases in the 2014/2015 reporting period, compared to the 2013/2014 reporting period. The conviction rate also increased from 86% to 94.7%.
Download or read book Analysis of Select Wildlife Cases in Mozambique written by Didi Wamukoya and published by African Wildlife Foundation. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review of a few wildlife cases in Mozambique. This review, however, is not intended to paint a comprehensive picture of the wildlife crimes in Mozambique and how they are detected, investigated and adjudicated. This is due to the constraints and limitations of this research. The main limitation is that Mozambique is a Civil Law country and thus there is no requirement formal reports of court decisions. The consultants could only access a limited number of cases from Matutuine District Judicial Court in Southern Mozambique and sincerely thanks the court for their cooperation in availing these cases. Another constraint in this review was that the consultant was not able to get the names of the offenders in these cases. A third constraint was that the wildlife cases from Matutuine District Judicial Court dealt with hunting for bushmeat. Hunting for trophies of endangered species in Mozambique such as elephants and rhinos is therefore not addressed in this review. The lack of information on wildlife cases in Mozambique makes research on wildlife law enforcement and prosecution inconclusive and no interventions can be recommended.
Download or read book Analysis of Select Wildlife Cases in Botswana written by Didi Wamukoya and published by African Wildlife Foundation. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is in the midst of a poaching and illegal wildlife trade (IWT) crisis which threatens survival of many species. Poaching and IWT involves a wide range of species and has been estimated by different sources to be worth USD 7–23 Billion annually. Poaching and associated IWT are devastating populations of iconic wildlife species such as rhinos and elephants, as well as a host of lesser known ones. Botswana has enhanced its law enforcement efforts to combat poaching and IWT. The key enforcement institution is the DWNP which works closely with the Botswana Police Service (BPS) and the Botswana Defence Force (BDF). According to the DWNP, illegal off‐take has not yet become a serious threat to wildlife populations in Botswana. Statistics show that even though poaching might have led to a decline in the population of some wildlife species, some species like the elephant and the rhino have not recorded any decline. The elephant population in Botswana is estimated at approximately 200,000 which is quite impressive. Rhinos in Botswana are also experiencing an increase in numbers. The population of the southern white rhino has increased from a count of 26 in 2005 to 153 in 2014. The most targeted species for poaching and IWT in Botswana is the elephant and therefore the major focus of Botswana’s efforts to combat wildlife crime is on elephants. The year 2012 recorded the highest poaching numbers of wildlife in Botswana. The number of elephants poached rose from 22 in 2009 to 163 in 2012 and then dropped to only 4 in 2013. The number of lions poached remained very low although there was a rise from 0 in 2009 to 3 in 2013. No white rhino was poached from 2009 to 2012 and only one was poached in 2013.
Download or read book Analysis of Select Wildlife Cases in Eswatini written by Didi Wamukoya and published by African Wildlife Foundation. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This analysis reviews 16 randomly selected wildlife cases in Swaziland, based on the level of public interest they elicited, targeted species, number of species and the important contributions they may make or have already made to the jurisprudence of wildlife crime in the country. Cases reviewed range from 1990 to 2016 and involve species listed in the First Schedule of the Game Act2 including species targeted for IWT such as rhinos and elephants. Offences include unlawful hunting, unlawful possession of wildlife products, illegal possession of firearms and ammunition and trespass.
Download or read book Analysis of the Interrelation Between Wildlife Tourism and Poaching written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book World Wildlife Crime Report 2020 written by United Nations Publications and published by UN. This book was released on 2021-03-31 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report presents the latest assessment of global trends in wildlife crime. It includes discussions on illicit rosewood, ivory, rhino horn, pangolin scales, live reptiles, tigers and other big cats, and European eel. The COVID-19 (coronavirus) pandemic has highlighted that wildlife crime is a threat not only to the environment and biodiversity, but also to human health, economic development and security. Zoonotic diseases - those caused by pathogens that spread from animals to humans - represent up to 75% of all emerging infectious diseases. Trafficked wild species and the resulting products offered for human consumption, by definition, escape any hygiene or sanitary control, and therefore pose even greater risks of infection.
Download or read book Analysis of South Africa s Wildlife Policies and Laws written by Didi Wamukoya and published by African Wildlife Foundation. This book was released on 2017-10-18 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: South Africa has a long history of regulation of wildlife conservation that dates as far back as 1656 when Jan van Riebeek, a Dutch colonial administrator and founder of Cape Town, gave instructions to regulate hunting in the Cape. From that time, South Africa has had several wildlife and biodiversity conservation policies and laws. After the fall of apartheid, the new framework policies and laws on environment and wildlife conservation were enacted to further strengthen wildlife conservation in the country. South Africa is also a party to various international agreements that commit the country to its conservation efforts at an international level. This rapid, independent assessment of the law and policy governing wildlife crimes in South Africa reviews the Constitution and the national framework laws, focusing on those laws and policies that impose criminal liability for wildlife offences. The assessment then turns to the provinces. Provincial governments have a fairly large degree of legislative and executive jurisdiction over conservations and wildlife management issues, including enforcing compliance of criminal wildlife laws. The review sets out the offences and penalties that exist across the myriad of relevant environmental legislation and policy and looks at the power and mandate of the various enforcement bodies.
Download or read book Towards a Sustainable Wildlife Trade written by Markus Bürgener and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization written by Cheryl S. Rosenfeld and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Neuroendocrine Regulation of Animal Vocalization: Mechanisms and Anthropogenic Factors in Animal Communication examines the underpinning neuroendocrine (NE) mechanisms that drive animal communication across taxa. Written by international subject experts, the book focuses on the importance of animal communication in survival and reproduction at an individual and species level, and the impact that increased production and accumulation of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can have on these regulatory processes. This book discusses sound production, perception, processing, and response across a range of animals. This includes insects, fish, bats, birds, nonhuman primates, infant humans, and many others. Some chapters analyze how neuroactive substances, endocrine control, and chemical pollution affect the physiology of the animal’s perceptive and sound-producing organs, as well as their auditory and vocal receptors and pathways. Other chapters address the recent approaches governments have taken to protect against the endocrine disruption of animal (vocal) behaviors. The book is a valuable resource for researchers and advanced students seeking first-rate material on neuroendocrinological effects on animal behavior and communication. Serves as the most comprehensive cross-taxa study of its kind, revolutionary in its focus on the impacts of EDCs on the processes guiding animal communication Emphasizes the importance of production, perception and processing of acoustic vocalization for survival Analyzes recent governmental policies and protections against the effects of EDCs on humans and wildlife
Download or read book Selected Papers from the 5th International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Moulds Challenges and Perspectives written by Sarah De Saeger and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-07-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selected Papers from the 5th International Symposium on Mycotoxins and Toxigenic Moulds: Challenges and Perspectives" that was published in Toxins
Download or read book African Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Studies in Biodiversity written by Bülent Şen and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2018-06-20 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The present book offers an overall up-to-date overview of the biological diversity, comprising many interesting chapters focussing on the different aspects of biodiversity. Most of the chapters include findings of investigations and observations on biodiversity, whilst a few are based on statistically and theoretically derived information. The book produced sufficient information on the occurrence and distribution of many plant and animal species or groups of organisms with environmental estimates from a wide variety of interesting terrestrial and aquatic habitats. With 18 interesting and elaborately prepared chapters, the present book would definitely be an ideal source of scientific information to the advanced students, junior researchers, scientists and a portion of the public involved in ecology and other research areas involving biodiversity studies. It will also help to the development of the growing awareness of the close linkage between the conversation of biodiversity and economic development.
Download or read book Livestock Genomics and Community based Breeding Strategies in Low and Middle Income Countries Challenges Opportunities and Future Perspectives written by Isidore Houaga and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-07-17 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-and-Middle-Income Countries (LMICs) are home to diverse populations of livestock species adapted to various agro-ecological zones, production systems, and harsh environmental conditions. However, the livestock in LMICs have not been systematically improved and current low levels of productivity do not meet the demand for livestock products by a growing population. Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and genotyping technologies have enabled the application of genomic selection in various livestock species in some western countries with great success. Despite the low adoption of genomic breeding in LMICs livestock industry, various studies and programs were initiated and some are still ongoing. Furthermore, community-based breeding programs (CBBP) have been initiated in many LMICs with great benefits for smallholder livestock farmers. CBBPs are based on the active participation of farmers from inception through to implementation and consider their needs, views, decisions, breeding objectives, and available infrastructure. In Africa for instance, small ruminants CBBPs have generated substantial genetic gains and socioeconomic benefits for rural poor farmers. However, the current challenges affecting the data recording and genetic evaluation of the CBBPs in LMICS are yet to be fully reported. Furthermore, the CBBPs are yet to integrate genomic selection in their breeding strategies. For sustainable livestock breeding in LMICs, there is a need to assess the current status of livestock genomics and community-based breeding strategies to identify the challenges and suggest mitigating strategies and future improvement strategy plans. In this Research Topic, we aim to collect findings from past and current livestock genomics and community-based breeding programs, the challenges, the lessons learned, the opportunities, and future perspectives.
Download or read book Energy Abstracts for Policy Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 1024 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Econometric Analysis of the Wildlife Market in South Africa written by Hilary Jane Anderson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
