Download or read book Analysis of Peptide Binding to MHC Class I Molecules and the Function of Tapasin During the Binding Process written by Florian Sieker and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: MHC class I molecules play an important role in the adaptive immune response of mammalian immune systems. Class I molecules are loaded with antigenic peptides inside the endoplasmatic reticulum. After binding a high affinity peptide they are transported to the cell surface where their peptide cargo can be inspected by T-cells. In case the peptide cargo is recognized to be antigenic the T-cell will induce apoptosis of the infected cell. Despite their large structural similarity class I molecules differ in their dependence on tapasin. Tapasin is a chaperone protein and a part of the loading complex which is responsible for facilitating the binding of class I molecules and high affinity peptides. Several studies already revealed that even MHC molecules with almost identical sequences show great differences in their dependence on tapasin. Here I focus on two HLA-B alleles B*4402 and B*4405, respectively. The two alleles differ only at position 116 where the tapasin-dependent allele B*4402 carries an aspartate while the independent allele has a tyrosine. Although there are quite a number of hints for the function of tapasin the mode of action is still not known so far. Here, the difference between the two almost identical alleles was investigated to get an insight into the functioning of tapasin. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to analyze the binding groove of MHC class I alleles which differ significantly in their tapasin-dependence with a high spatial and time resolution. Results suggested that one possible function of tapasin lies in stabilizing the alpha-2-1-helix which is next to the C-terminus of a bound peptide and near a proposed tapasin binding region at position 134.
Download or read book Janeway s Immunobiology written by Kenneth Murphy and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2010-06-22 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Janeway's Immunobiology CD-ROM, Immunobiology Interactive, is included with each book, and can be purchased separately. It contains animations and videos with voiceover narration, as well as the figures from the text for presentation purposes.
Download or read book The Role of Tapasin in MHC Class I Antigen Presentation written by Mingnan Chen and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Influence of Tapasin on MHC Class I peptide Interaction written by Praveen Pudiavettil Tayakuniyil and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since peptide-empty MHC class I molecules at the cell surface would be inefficient and probably dangerous for cells, class I molecules must select peptides with dissociation rates that are sufficiently slow to allow survival of the peptide-class I complex during the transit to the cell surface and for some time thereafter. Elliott and collaborators have shown that class I molecules, however, first bind low-affinity peptides in the ER and later exchange them for high-affinity ones before leaving for the Golgi apparatus (Williams et al., 2002). This process, termed peptide editing, depends on the class I - specific assembly factor, tapasin, which binds directly to class I molecules in the ER. How does tapasin work? Based on our molecular dynamics simulations (Zacharias and Springer, 2004), we hypothesize that it may bind to and deform the peptide binding site of class I molecules by moving one flexible helix away from the peptide. As a consequence, some of the hydrogen bonds between the class I molecule and the peptide backbone may break and reduce the affinity between peptide and class I molecule. This would lead to a rapid dissociation of low-affinity peptides from the class I molecule. As a conclusion, this hypothesis predicts that tapasin universally decreases the affinity of class I molecules for peptide ligands. Since it is difficult to recreate the entire class I loading complex with purified proteins (it contains several other chaperones), we are investigating peptide binding to class I molecules in the lumen of isolated microsomal membranes in the presence and absence of tapasin. Class I molecules are transcribed, translated, and translocated in vitro. Peptide is then added to the microsomes, and peptide-class I complexes are precipitated by conformation-specific antibodies. We have observed that tapasin mediates the binding of high-affinity peptide to MHC class I molecules in the ER by accelerating dissociation of low-affinity peptides.
Download or read book Antigen Processing and Presentation written by Robert Edward Humphreys and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the few volumes dedicated to antigen processing, this unique text is not only especially current but also valuable for its description of petentially "hot" areas with its "Future Directions" sections. * Current, important topics covered by this text include: Processing and presentation of foreign and self protein antigens to T lymphocytes Intracellular assembley and transport of MHC proteins Regulation of the assembley and expression of processed antigen-MHC complexes
Download or read book Analysis of the Cellular Processes that Generate Peptides for Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Molecules written by Thomas Francis Serwold and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Amphioxus Immunity written by An-Long Xu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2015-12-31 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amphioxus Immunity: Tracing the Origin of Human Immunity covers a remarkable range of information about Amphioxus and its evolutionary context. This compilation of what is currently known about Amphioxus, with a sharp focus on its immune system, includes 13 topics, such as: Amphioxus as a model for understanding the evolution of vertebrates basic knowledge of immunology immune organs and cells of amphioxus a genomic and transcriptomic view of the Amphioxus immunity pattern recognition system in Amphioxus transcription factors in Amphioxus the complement system of Amphioxus the oxidative burst system in Amphioxus immune effectors in Amphioxus lipid signaling of immune response in Amphioxus apoptosis in amphioxus; primitive adaptive immune system of Amphioxus and future research directions This valuable reference book is loaded with information that will be useful for anyone who wishes to learn more about the origin of vertebrates and adaptive immunity. Provides new evidence on the origin of the adaptive immune system, the evolution of innate immunity, and evolution-stage specific immune defense mechanisms Not only presents the cells and molecules involved in the adaptive immune response in Amphioxus, but also characterizes the origination and evolution of the gene families and pathways involved in innate immunity Includes much pioneering work, from the molecular, genomic, and cellular to the individual level
Download or read book MHC Ligands and Peptide Motifs written by Hans-Georg Rammensee and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 467 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is centered on a comprehensive list of MHC peptide motifs and ligands as known to date, together with selected T cell epitopes, arranged in an easy-to-read fashion. This information is put into context by chapters on MHC gene organization, MHC structure, T cell epitope prediction, antigen processing and T cell responses. In addition, the book provides a great deal of complementary information: amino acid sequences of MHC class I alpha1 and alpha2 domains and of class II alpha1 and beta1 domains, the established or predicted composition and specificity of MHC pockets, notes on MHC nomenclature including old assignments and reference to useful internet addresses. A handy reference manual that should be helpful for all those dealing with MHC-associated peptides.
Download or read book Structural and Functional Analysis of Peptide Binding to Classs I MHC Molecules written by Dewey Howell and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Human Herpesviruses written by Ann Arvin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-08-16 with total page 1325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive account of the human herpesviruses provides an encyclopedic overview of their basic virology and clinical manifestations. This group of viruses includes human simplex type 1 and 2, Epstein–Barr virus, Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus, HHV6A, 6B and 7, and varicella-zoster virus. The viral diseases and cancers they cause are significant and often recurrent. Their prevalence in the developed world accounts for a major burden of disease, and as a result there is a great deal of research into the pathophysiology of infection and immunobiology. Another important area covered within this volume concerns antiviral therapy and the development of vaccines. All these aspects are covered in depth, both scientifically and in terms of clinical guidelines for patient care. The text is illustrated generously throughout and is fully referenced to the latest research and developments.
Download or read book Immunopharmacology written by Manzoor M. Khan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past decades, with the introduction of the recombinant DNA, hybridoma and transgenic technologies there has been an exponential evolution in understanding the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of a large number of human diseases. The technologies are evident with the development of cytokines and monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic agents and the techniques used in gene therapy. Immunopharmacology is that area of biomedical sciences where immunology, pharmacology and pathology overlap. It concerns the pharmacological approach to the immune response in physiological as well as pathological events. This goals and objectives of this textbook are to emphasize the developments in immunology and pharmacology as they relate to the modulation of immune response. The information includes the pharmacology of cytokines, monoclonal antibodies, mechanism of action of immune-suppressive agents and their relevance in tissue transplantation, therapeutic strategies for the treatment of AIDS and the techniques employed in gene therapy. The book is intended for health care professional students and graduate students in pharmacology and immunology.
Download or read book HLA and MHC written by Michael J. Browning and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 1996 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a review of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), and the role it plays in the immune response and in disease. The emphasis throughout is on the human MHC, but relevant animal studies are inclded to give a comprehensive review of the subject.
Download or read book Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases written by Hans D. Ochs and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases presents discussions of gene identification, mutation detection, and clinical and research applications for over 100 genetic immune disorders--disorders featuring an increased susceptibility to infections and, in certain conditions, an icreased rate of malignancies and autoimmune disorders. Since the publication of the first edition, a flurry of new disease entities has been defined and new treatment regimens have been introduced, the most spectacular being successful treatment by gene therapy for two genotypes of combined immunodeficiency. The first edition marked a historic turning point in the field of immunodeficiencies, demonstrating that many of the disorders of the immune systam could be understood at a molecular level. This new edition can proudly document the tremendous pace of progress in dissecting the complex immunologic networks responsible for protecting individuals from these disorders.
Download or read book ABC Proteins written by I Barry Holland and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2003-01-07 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABC Proteins is an in-depth, up-to-date analysis of all that is known about the subject to date. It discusses and compares evolution, biology and mechanism of action of all known ABC proteins, including the first structural studies as well as clinical implications. It will be useful to anyone trying to stay abreast of the latest findings. This book is sure to become a classic and will regularly be updated. Phylogeny and Evoloution of ABC Transporters Fundamental Aspects of the Mechanism of Action of ABC Transporters Prokaryote ABC Transporters Non-Mammalian Transporters Multidrug Transporters ABC Transporters, Physiological Roles and Human Disease Full color throughout
Download or read book MHC Class I Loss and Cancer Immune Escape written by Federico Garrido and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-28 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the escape strategies used by cancer cells to avoid the immune response of the host. The main characters of this story are the “Antigen Presenting Molecules” and the “T Lymphocytes”. The former are known as the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC): the H-2 and the HLA molecules. The latter are a subgroup of white cells travelling all over our body which are capable to distinguish between “self and non self”. Readers will know from the inside about the history of the HLA genetic system and will discover how T lymphocytes recognize and destroy cancer cells. One of the key important questions is: Why tumors arise, develop and metastasize? This book tries to answer this question and will explain how cancer cells become invisible to killer T lymphocytes. The loss of the HLA molecules is a major player in this tumor escape mechanism. Cancer immunotherapy is aimed at stimulating T lymphocytes to destroy tumor cells. However, the clinical response rate is not as high as expected. The molecular mechanisms responsible for MHC/HLA antigen loss play a crucial role in this resistance to immunotherapy. This immune escape mechanism will be discussed in different types of tumors: lung, prostate, bladder and breast...ect. as well as melanoma and lymphoma. This book will be useful to Oncologists, Pathologists and Immunologist that will enter this fascinating area of research. It will be also interesting for biologist, doctoral students and medical residents interested in “Tumor Immunology”.
Download or read book Kinetic and Structural Analysis of Class II MHC peptide Complexes written by Michael N. Liang and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gene Vaccines written by Josef Thalhamer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The induction of antigen-specific immune responses after in vivo transfection with expression plasmids has triggered a revolution of vaccine research. After a first hype, evoked by the fascinating options of this method, clinical studies did not reach the ambitious aims and a phase of disillusion ensued. It became obvious that Gene vaccines displayed a weaker immunogenicity in humans than had been observed in the mouse models. Meanwhile these hurdles have been overcome and gene vaccines undergo a renaissance. The present book gives an update of the “world of naked gene vaccines”, namely DNA and RNA vaccines. Its content ranges from general mechanisms, inherent immunostimulatory properties and the vast potential to modulate immune responses, to recent successful clinical studies and approved veterinary gene vaccines. Beyond the state-of-the-art of genetic immunization, the reader will be stimulated with a chapter addressing “burning questions”.
