Download or read book Analysis of a Non Developing Tropical Circulation System During the Tropical Cyclone Structure TCS08 Field Experiment written by Steven C. Malvig and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this research is to analyze the non-developing Tropical Circulation System (TCS025) utilizing data collected during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS-08) and The Observing System Research and Predictability Experiment (THORPEX) Pacific Asian Regional Campaigns (T-PARC). Aircraft dropwindsondes, special ELDORA radar observations, and analyzed ECMWF model fields are used to define the three-dimensional structure at key times during the lifecycle of TCS025. Two TCS025-related Mesoscale Convective Systems (MCSs) were examined with observations from Air Force WC-130J and Navy Research Lab P-3 flights. On 28 August 2008, dropwindsonde and ELDORA wind fields identified a cyclonic circulation associated with an MCS (MCS-G). However, the upper-level and lower-level circulations were disconnected around the 850 hPa level. The upper-level circulation propagated southward with the MCS-G convection while the lower-level circulation progressed poleward. On 29 August, 2008, dropwindsonde and ELDORA wind fields identified a broad cyclonic circulation associated with another MCS (MCS-H). However, the center of circulation was northwest of MCS-H convection. It appears mid- and upper-level circulations associated with the MCS convection propagated southward with the convection while the low-level cyclonic circulation, under influence of the low-level background flow, progressed poleward. Without continued vertical coupling, TCS025 did not become a tropical depression.
Download or read book Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation and Structure Change in TCS 08 and TCS 08 Field Experiment Support written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this project is to develop a better understanding of mesoscale and synoptic-scale processes associated with the entire life cycle of tropical cyclones in the western North Pacific. The inability to correctly identify tropical cyclone formation over the period of 24-48 hours poses a threat to shore and afloat assets across the western North Pacific. Furthermore, once a tropical cyclone has formed, the predictability of structure changes during intensification of the cyclone is very low, which is due to complex physical processes that vary over a wide range of space and time scales. Periods of reduced predictability occur throughout the tropical cyclone life cycle, which includes the decaying stage. Because decaying tropical cyclones often transition to a fast-moving and rapidly-developing extratropical cyclone that may contain gale-, storm-, or hurricane-force winds, there is a need to improve understanding and prediction of the extratropical transition phase of a decaying tropical cyclone. The structural evolution of the transition from a tropical to extratropical circulation involves rapid changes to the wind, cloud, and precipitation patterns that potentially impact maritime and shore-based facilities. The research being conducted on the comprehensive data sets gathered during the TCS-08 field program will result in increased accuracy associated with the prediction of tropical cyclone formation, intensification, and structural changes.
Download or read book A Multiscale Study of Tropical Cyclone Formation Structure Change and Predictability in the Western North Pacific Region and TCS08 Experiment Support written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching objectives of this research project are to obtain an improved understanding of the formation, predictability and structure change of tropical cyclones in the Western Pacific region. During the second year of this project multiple cases have been analyzed in support of the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 (TCS08) field campaign. Because of space constraints, only a brief summary of these extensive results is presented here.
Download or read book Advanced Numerical Modeling and Data Assimilation Techniques for Tropical Cyclone Predictions written by U.C. Mohanty and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-21 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals primarily with monitoring, prediction and understanding of Tropical Cyclones (TCs). It was envisioned to serve as a teaching and reference resource at universities and academic institutions for researchers and post-graduate students. It has been designed to provide a broad outlook on recent advances in observations, assimilation and modeling of TCs with detailed and advanced information on genesis, intensification, movement and storm surge prediction. Specifically, it focuses on (i) state-of-the-art observations for advancing TC research, (ii) advances in numerical weather prediction for TCs, (iii) advanced assimilation and vortex initialization techniques, (iv) ocean coupling, (v) current capabilities to predict TCs, and (vi) advanced research in physical and dynamical processes in TCs. The chapters in the book are authored by leading international experts from academic, research and operational environments. The book is also expected to stimulate critical thinking for cyclone forecasters and researchers, managers, policy makers, and graduate and post-graduate students to carry out future research in the field of TCs.
Download or read book Tropical Cyclones written by Roger K. Smith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-22 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclones are a major threat to life and property, even in the formative stages of their development. They include a number of different hazards that individually can cause significant impacts, such as extreme winds, storm surge, flooding, tornadoes, and lightning. Tropical Cyclones: Observations and Basic Processes provides a modern overview of the theory and observations of tropical cyclone structure and behavior. The book begins by summarizing key observations of the structure, evolution, and formation of tropical cyclones. It goes on to develop a theoretical foundation for a basic understanding of tropical cyclone behavior during the storm’s life cycle. Horizontally two-dimensional dynamics of vortex motion and other non-axisymmetric features are considered first before tackling the axisymmetric balance dynamics involving the overturning circulation. Following a review of moist convective processes, later chapters focus mainly on a range of three-dimensional aspects of the tropical cyclone life cycle. Building from first principles, the book provides a state-of-the-art summary of the fundamentals of tropical cyclones aimed at advanced undergraduates, graduate students, tropical meteorologists, and researchers. Members of the Royal Meteorological Society are eligible for a 35% discount on all Developments in Weather and Climate Science series titles. See the RMetS member dashboard for the discount code. Develops a systematic foundation for understanding tropical cyclone dynamics and thermodynamics in two and three dimensions Provides a detailed appraisal of steady-state models and the widely accepted, but enigmatic, WISHE intensification theories Applies the new ideas developed in the book to a range of basic problems, including observational tests of the theory
Download or read book Tropical Cyclone Origin Movement and Intensity Characteristics Based on Data Compositing Techniques written by W. M. Gray and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Up-to-date results of recent tropical cyclone research at Colorado State University are presented. Particular attention is paid to new findings which impact on tropical cyclone analysis and forecasting efforts. Observational studies using large amounts of composited rawinsonde, satellite, and aircraft flight data have been performed to analyze global aspects of tropical cyclone occurrences, physical processes of tropical cyclone genesis, tropical cyclone intensity change, environmental factors influencing tropical cyclone turning motion 24-36 hours before the turn takes place, tropical cyclone intensity determination from upper tropospheric reconnaissance, and the diurnal variations of vertical motion in tropical weather systems. (Author).
Download or read book Extratropical Cyclones written by Chester Newton and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-22 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is composed of 12 review papers invited for the Palmen Memorial Symposium on Extratropical Cyclones held in Helsinki, Finland, 29 August - 2 September 1988. To celebrate the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor Erik Palmén, this symposium was organized to give a state-of-the-art picture of research on the structure and dynamics of extratropical cyclones, a topic which Palmén pioneered during the era of advances in aerological analysis. This symposium was organized by the Geophysical Society of Finland and the American Meteorological Society in cooperation with the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish Geophysical Societies. Extratropical Cyclones offers state-of-the-art information on extratropical cyclones, and recent findings by European and American authorities in various subject areas. The first two chapters discuss Palmen's works on cyclones and his early general circulation concepts. The ten chapters following chronicle the advances in understanding cyclones; the theory, structure, and physical processes of cyclones; orographic cyclogenesis; and more. Extratropical Cyclones also contains synoptic case analyses, modeling results, examples of the phenomena discussed, and abundant references. While particular aspects are emphasized in the individual contributions, the book as a whole summarizes the major features of various kinds of extratropical cyclones based on observational analyses, theory and numerical experimentation. This volume is of interest to researchers in dynamic and synoptic meteorology, climatology and mesometeorology, as well as in numerical modeling and weather forecasting. It is also useful for meteorology courses at graduate and upper undergraduate levels.
Download or read book A Multi scale Analysis of Tropical Cyclogenesis Within the Critical Layer of Tropical Easterly Waves in the Atlantic and Western North Pacific Sectors written by Louis L. Lussier and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A newly proposed tropical cyclogenesis sequence that describes the transition of a tropical wave's critical layer to a tropical cyclone is used to examine two formation cases in the western North Pacific basin. Typhoon Nuri (2008), formed from a precursor easterly wave during the Tropical Cyclone Structure 2008 field experiment, and Typhoon Man-yi (2007), formed within an equatorial Rossby wave as it interacted with a monsoon trough. In each case, i) the critical layer of the parent wave protects a proto-vortex from an external hostile environment and allows it to strengthen until it becomes a self-sustained entity and ii) the intersection between the wave trough and critical latitude, within the Kelvin cat's eye, is the preferred location for tropical cyclogenesis. Numerical simulations suggest that the so-called "bottom-up" pathway to tropical cyclogenesis is favored within Typhoon Man-yi's critical layer. Additionally, Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) composite analyses of 55 developing easterly waves indicate that as genesis approaches, i) convection is favored in the Kelvin cat's eye circulation, ii) the convective contribution to total rain rate becomes dominant, iii) the radius of maximum convection decreases, and iv) a convective-type heating profile is present. These findings support the "bottom-up" development model within easterly wave critical layers.
Download or read book Uncertainties and Limitations in Simulating Tropical Cyclones written by Asuka Suzuki-Parker and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-01-05 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The thesis work was in two major parts: development and testing of a new approach to detecting and tracking tropical cyclones in climate models; and application of an extreme value statistical approach to enable assessment of changes in weather extremes from climate models. The tracking algorithm applied a creative phase-space approach to differentiate between modeled tropical cyclones and their mid-latitude cousins. A feature here was the careful attention to sensitivity to choice of selection parameters, which is considerable. The major finding was that the changes over time were relatively insensitive to these details. This new approach will improve and add confidence to future assessments of climate impacts on hurricanes. The extremes approach utilized the Generalized Pareto Distribution (one of the standard approaches to statistics of extremes) applied to present and future hurricane distributions as modeled by a regional climate model, then applied the changes to current observations to extract the changes in the extremes. Since climate models cannot resolve these extremes directly, this provides an excellent method of determining weather extremes in general. This is of considerable societal importance as we are most vulnerable to such extremes and knowledge of their changes enables improved planning and adaptation strategies.
Download or read book Analysis and High Resolution Modeling of Tropical Cyclogenesis During the TCS 08 and TPARC Field Campaign written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-term goal of this project is to improve the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) genesis, structure and intensity changes through improved understanding of the fundamental mechanisms involved. The accurate prediction of TC genesis, structure and intensity changes is critical to Navy missions and civilian activities in coastal areas. Significant gains have been made in the TC track prediction over the past decades. The genesis and intensity forecast, however, has shown very little progress during the same period. A main factor contributing to the lack of skill in the prediction of TC genesis and intensity is the lack of observations prior to and during TC genesis and intensification periods and the inadequate understanding of physical mechanisms that control the cyclogenesis and intensity change. The TCS-08 and TPARC field campaign provide an unprecedented opportunity for us to gain the first-hand insight of observed characteristics of TC genesis in western Pacific and to compare them with high-resolution model simulations. By analyzing and assimilating these data, we intend to understand the physical mechanisms that involve the TC internal dynamic and thermodynamic processes, external forcing, and scale interactions. Only after thoroughly understanding these processes, can one be able to tackle the weaknesses in the current state-of-art weather forecast models.
Download or read book Simulations Of Tropical Cyclone In Regional Climate Models written by Zhong Zhong and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the pitfalls of regional climate models in simulating track and intensity of tropical cyclone over western North Pacific for the East Asian summer monsoon climate.A number of sensitivity experiments related to tropical cyclone simulation with different model configurations and model physical schemes, including model resolution, model lateral boundary condition, effect of sea surface temperature, cumulus parameterization scheme and model microphysics scheme, as well as the features and the failure of tropical cyclone simulation in regional climate models were carefully analyzed with model output with high temporal resolution, to investigate shortcomings of the models, so as to come up with better models to simulate and study tropical cyclone track and intensity.The book is suitable for graduate students in meteorology with focuses in the tropical cyclone simulation, as well as professionals devoted to model development and study of tropical cyclone activities.
Download or read book The Global Monsoon System written by Chih-Pei Chang and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2011 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a current review of the science of monsoon research and forecasting. The contents are based on the invited reviews presented at the World Meteorological Organization''s Fourth International Workshop on Monsoons in late 2008, with subsequent manuscripts revised from 2009 to early 2010. The book builds on the concept that the monsoons in various parts of the globe can be viewed as components of an integrated global monsoon system, while emphasizing that significant region-specific characteristics are present in individual monsoon regions. The topics covered include all major monsoon regions and time scales (mesoscale, synoptic, intraseasonal, interannual, decadal, and climate change). It is intended to provide an updated comprehensive review of the current status of knowledge, modeling capability, and future directions in the research of monsoon systems around the world.
Download or read book The Evolution of Dropsonde Derived Kinematic and Thermodynamic Structures in Developing and Non Developing Atlantic Tropical Convective Systems written by Charles Nelson Helms and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The process by which tropical cyclones evolve from loosely organized convective clusters into well organized systems is still poorly understood. Due to the data sparse regions in which tropical cyclones form, observational studies of tropical cyclogenesis are often more difficult than similar studies of land-based phenomena. As a result, many studies of tropical cyclogenesis are limited to either a few case studies or are forced to rely on simulations to examine the genesis process. The recent PREDICT and GRIP field experiments have provided a new opportunity to gain insight into these processes using unusually dense observations in both time and space. The present study aims at using this new data to perform a detailed analysis of the three-dimensional evolution of both kinematic (e.g. vorticity and divergence) and thermodynamic (i.e. temperature and moisture) in both developing and non-developing tropical convective systems in the western Atlantic. By examining these structures relative to one another, the nature of the system evolution can be better understood. In order to better capture the true state of the atmosphere in these systems, a new method of calculating vorticity, divergence, and deformation from non-gridded observations using Green's theorem is also presented. Previous approaches using Green's theorem on a non-uniform data distribution have either used triangular regions, which are easily implemented in computer code, or hand-selected polygonal regions, which are more robust. The method presented here combines both convenience and robustness and is shown to be significantly more accurate than triangle-based methods on a random distribution of observations as well as on flight-path-based distributions. Using this new data and analysis method, five tropical convective systems are analyzed- three non-developing and two developing. Although the analysis includes only a limited number of cases, the results suggest that there is little kinematic difference between the developing and non-developing systems. In most cases, the only significant difference between developing and non-developing systems is in the distribution of humidity. In the developing cases the vorticity maxima are encased in high relative humidity values at all levels. In the non-developing cases the vorticity maximum either extends into regions of dry air or mid-level vorticity generation non-existent, likely due to an excessively dry middle troposphere. Additionally, many of the cases, both developing and non-developing, exhibit evidence of vorticity generation associated, at mid-levels, with a mesoscale convective system and, at low-levels, with deep convective activity.
Download or read book The Environments And Associated Physical Mechanisms That Cause Size And Structure Changes In A Tropical Cyclone written by Diana Rose Stovern and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tropical cyclones (TCs) can make significant size changes during their lifetime. Being able to accurately forecast TC size change is important for predicting the onset of storm surge as well as the spatial extent of damaging winds. TC size changes can occur from internal storm dynamics, such as eyewall replacement cycle or from changes in the synoptic environment. In this study, the impacts of changing the atmospheric temperature and air-sea temperature difference on TC size and structure are investigated. The study is conducted in two parts: the first part uses the WRF-ARW model to test the sensitivity of TC size changes to simple changes in the environment; the second part to validates the results from the first part by characterizing the environments associated with real cases of TC size change in the North Atlantic basin. It is found that when the simulated atmosphere is cooled, the initial specific humidity and convective available potential energy (CAPE) decrease but the surface energy fluxes from the ocean increase. The higher surface fluxes produce a wider area of radially-inflowing air in the boundary layer, which supports a larger precipitation field and the formation of outer-core spiral rainbands. The larger precipitation field translates to a larger wind field, which is likely related to the diabatic production of potential vorticity. In contrast, when the atmosphere is warmed the surface energy fluxes reduce, which ultimately inhibits the growth of the TC wind field. The higher initial CAPE and moisture content, however, allow the TC to spin up more rapidly with a compact core of intense precipitation. Thus, it is not the temperature of the atmosphere that is causing the size changes, but instead it is the higher surface energy fluxes that arise from the increased air-sea temperature difference. Diagnostics show that fluxes of angular momentum from the environment are not responsible for the simulated TC size increases, even when the gradient in Earth vorticity is included. Rather, it is the production of energy due to the fluxes from the ocean that is responsible for the TC size increases in these simulations. Finally, a larger TC will increase in size more than a smaller TC in the same environment. In the second part of the study, the environments associated with real cases of TC size change in the North Atlantic Basin were characterized. Size changes were evaluated using the Tropical Cyclone Extended Best Track Dataset, and the environments associated with these size changes were examined using the 6-hourly, ERA-Interim global reanalysis dataset. Environmental composites show that the TCs that made size changes in the deep tropics were typically associated with more environmental, mid-level humidity and higher air-sea temperature difference. The TCs that made large size changes in the extratropics were associated with highly-baroclinic environments and high mid-level moisture south of the TC-circulation center. In general, the environments that were associated with TC size increases in the North Atlantic showed similar characteristics to the size change environments simulated in the first part of this study. In addition, the presence of high, mid-level moisture in both the deep tropics and extratropics was consistent with the results of other modeling studies that have explored the impact of environmental moisture on TC size changes.
Download or read book Global Perspectives On Tropical Cyclones From Science To Mitigation written by Johnny C L Chan and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2010-04-30 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a completely rewritten, updated and expanded new edition of the original Global Perspectives on Tropical Cyclones published in 1995. It presents a comprehensive review of the state of science and forecasting of tropical cyclones together with the application of this science to disaster mitigation, hence the tag: From Science to Mitigation.Since the previous volume, enormous progress in understanding tropical cyclones has been achieved. These advances range from the theoretical through to ever more sophisticated computer modeling, all underpinned by a vast and growing range of observations from airborne, space and ocean observation platforms. The growth in observational capability is reflected by the inclusion of three new chapters on this topic. The chapter on the effects of climate change on tropical cyclone activity is also new, and appropriate given the recent intense debate on this issue. The advances in the understanding of tropical cyclones which have led to significant improvements in forecasting track, intensity, rainfall and storm surge, are reviewed in detail over three chapters. For the first time, a chapter on seasonal prediction is included. The book concludes with an important chapter on disaster mitigation, which is timely given the enormous loss of life in recent tropical cyclone disasters.World Scientific Series on Asia-Pacific Weather and Climate is indexed in SCOPUS.
Download or read book An Analysis of Mesoscale Convective Systems Observed During the 1992 Tropical Cyclone Motion Field Experiment written by Eric J. McKinley and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Observations of Mesoscale Convective Systems During Tropical Cyclone Genesis written by Christopher A. Finta and published by . This book was released on 1997-03-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A better understanding of the role mesoscale convective systems (MCS) play in the formation stages of tropical cyclones will increase the ability to predict their occurrence and motion. This thesis employs high resolution satellite imagery to observe the Interaction between MCSs and their environment. Specifically, thirteen cases of tropical disturbances that eventually developed Into tropical cyclones are analyzed to determine the role of MCSs in increasing the system organization. Following two conceptual models developed during the Tropical Cyclone Motion (TCM-93) mini-field experiment, each tropical cyclone is classified according to the relative importance of MCS activity to its development. Both conceptual models are verified through analysis and a third model is created to account for tropical cyclone developments that share features of the previous two models. An alternate approach is proposed for determining tropical system organization using only visible and infrared satellite imagery.
