Download or read book Analyse de la m moire proc durale travers l tude du vieillissement normal et pathologique written by Véronique Thomas Ollivier and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'introduction de la distinction entre "mémoire déclarative" et "mémoire procédurale" dans les modèles structuraux de la mémoire a été proposée par Cohen et Squire en 1980. Dix ans plus tard, Squire remplace le terme de mémoire procédurale par celui de "mémoire non-déclarative" représentant un ensemble de capacités distinctes dont la seule caractéristique commune est de n'être pas déclaratives. L'objectif de cette étude est d'affiner les critères de définition d'une composante de cette mémoire appelée mémoire procédurale à travers l'étude du vieillissement normal et pathologique. La maladie de Parkinson a été choisie comme modèle d'étude du dysfonctionnement de la mémoire procédurale globalement préservée dans le vieillissement normal. Dans un premier temps nous nous sommes intéressés à la distinction entre le mode de manifestation de la connaissance et le savoir qu'elle implique. Nous avons étudié l'effet de l'activité motrice sur la mémorisation de phrases simples représentant des actions. Les résultats ne révèlent aucun effet de la pathologie, la situation d'apprentissage par l'action améliore les performances des sujets agés sains et des patients parkinsoniens. Nous avons poursuivi notre analyse par l'étude de l'apprentissage et du maintien des performances dans des épreuves plus complexes basées sur des règles fixes. Les résultats montrent que les performances ne sont pas associées au type de connaissance implique et que les difficultés concernent principalement l'étape d'apprentissage dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique. Nous avons ensuite teste l'hypothèse d'un rôle important des fonctions exécutives dans les difficultés d'apprentissage en faisant varier le niveau d'intervention de ces capacités dans diverses épreuves. Les résultats montrent clairement que les performances sont dépendantes du niveau de participation de ces fonctions chez les personnes agées et les malades parkinsoniens. L'analyse de l'ensemble des résultats nous a conduit à proposer un élargissement de la définition de la mémoire procédurale envisageant la participation possible d'une expression explicite en début d'acquisition
Download or read book Analyse de la m moire s mantique dans le vieillissement normal et dans la maladie d Alzheimer written by Liliana Rico Duarte and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cette recherche concerne l'étude des effets de l'âge et de la pathologie sur la mémoire sémantique. Parmi les hypothèses proposées pour aborder ce sujet nous étudions celle fondée sur la distinction vivant / non vivant. Notre travail s'appuie fondamentalement sur le modèle de la structure conceptuelle. Dans cette approche, la structure des concepts différerait en fonction d'au moins trois facteurs : le type de trait, la corrélation et la distinctivité des traits. L'objectif principal de ce travail est de mettre à l'épreuve les hypothèses que ce modèle avance à propos, d'une part, de la structure des concepts et d'autre part, de leur évolution dans la maladie d'Alzheimer. Cette démarche nous permet également d'analyser et de fournir des données empiriques pour certains des facteurs impliqués dans le traitement des concepts vivants et non vivants (familiarité, âge d'acquisition, type de trait et distinctivité). Dans ce but, nous avons effectué quatre expériences auprès de sujets normaux (jeunes et âgés) et cinq expériences auprès de patients Alzheimer. Les résultats montrent que la distribution des facteurs analysés (familiarité, âge d'acquisition, type de trait et distinctivité) diffère en fonction des catégories sémantiques et dans certains cas en fonction de l'âge des participants. Dans le groupe de patients Alzheimer, le traitement des concepts vivants et non vivants est affecté par la distinctivité, le type de trait, le stade d'évolution de la maladie et le type de tâche utilisée. Ce travail met en évidence la nécessité d'une approche multifactorielle dans l'étude de la mémoire sémantique et son évaluation dans la maladie d'Alzheimer
Download or read book Etude des proc dures d acc s la m moire s mantique dans le vieillissement normal et pathologique d mence de type Alzheimer written by Stéphanie Bellouard and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Approche ecologique de l evaluation de la memoire episodique dans le vieillissement normal et les neuropathologiesevaluation de la memoire episodique dans le vieillissement normal et les neuropathologies written by Arvind pala Prashant and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A ce jour, nous savons peu de choses sur la manière dont la mémoire épisodique quotidienne, visuellement riche et complexe en termes d'éléments contextuels, est affectée par le vieillissement normal contrairement aux connaissances acquises dans le domaine du vieillissement sur la mémoire épisodique verbale ou visuelle au moyens des tests traditionnels ou des procédures de laboratoire comme le paradigme de rappel libres multi-essais (e.g., utilisé par le California Verbal Learning Test). La présente thèse s'est par conséquent attachée à implémenter ce paradigme traditionnel de rappels libres multi-essais d'évaluation de la mémoire épisodique au sein d'un dispositif RV simulant une visite dans un appartement, le HOMES test (Human Objet Memory of Everyday Scenes test). Cette procédure permet de dériver des indices d'apprentissage, de catégorisation, d'interférence proactive, de bénéfice de la reconnaissance comparée au rappel libre, et de fausses reconnaissances. A cela, nous nous sommes intéressés aux relations entre la mémoire quotidienne et l'action à travers l'effet denavigation active.A l'aide d'études comparatives, nous avons retrouvé le profil mnésique classiquement observé avec le test « papier-crayon », excepté pour l'interférence proactive qui n'est pas observée comme augmentée chez les participants âgés. En effet, des scores de rappel réduits,un bénéfice accru de la reconnaissance, une sensibilité augmentée aux fausses reconnaissances, et des capacités de regroupements sémantiques sont obtenus. Chez les jeunes adultes avec traumatisme crânien (étude 1), un profil identique est observé alors qu'un profil bien différent est obtenu auprès des patients avec maladie Alzheimer (étude 2) avec notamment un tableau associant des déficits plus marqués et des capacités de catégorisation altérées. Les études 3 et 4 adressant l'effet de navigation active chez le sujet jeune et âgé, ont mis en évidence un effet bénéfique de la navigation active sur la reconnaissance chez les deux groupes de sujets. Par contre, la navigation active diminuait les fausses reconnaissances des jeunes mais augmentait celles des âgés. Nous discutons les résultats de ces études sur la mémoire quotidienne à travers les hypothèses de déficit-item spécifique et du déclin fronto-exécutif du vieillissement normal.
Download or read book Vieillissement normal et pathologique written by Laurence Arnaud and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'objectif général de ce travail était de mettre en évidence l'importance des variations stratégiques au cours du vieillissement cognitif normal et pathologique. Dans cette perspective, nous avons conduit plusieurs études empiriques dans le domaine de la résolution de problèmes arithmétiques auprès de participants jeunes, âgés contrôles et âgés atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer à un stade débutant. Dans ces études, nous avons fait varier le type de problèmes posés (i.e., multiplications, additions, soustractions), les consignes (i.e., pression de précision), les modalités de présentation des problèmes (I;e., modalité orale vs. visuelle) ainsi que les stratégies disponibles pour les participants. Les résultats mettent en évidence l'importance d'ue vision intégrée du vieillissement couplant une approche qualitative (i.e., variations stratégiques) et une approche quantitative (i.e., ressources de traitement).
Download or read book Clinical Lectures on Senile and Chronic Diseases written by Jean Martin Charcot and published by . This book was released on 1881 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention MICCAI 2012 written by Nicholas Ayache and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-08-28 with total page 645 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The three-volume set LNCS 7510, 7511, and 7512 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2012, held in Nice, France, in October 2012. Based on rigorous peer reviews, the program committee carefully selected 252 revised papers from 781 submissions for presentation in three volumes. The third volume includes 79 papers organized in topical sections on diffusion imaging: from acquisition to tractography; image acquisition, segmentation and recognition; image registration; neuroimage analysis; analysis of microscopic and optical images; image segmentation; diffusion weighted imaging; computer-aided diagnosis and planning; and microscopic image analysis.
Download or read book Active Living Cognitive Functioning and Aging written by Leonard W. Poon and published by Human Kinetics. This book was released on 2006 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first title in a new series, this is an essential resource designed to introduce key issues and to raise consciousness among researchers, students and policy makers of the importance of an active lifestyle for the mind as a person ages.
Download or read book Homocysteine in Health and Disease written by Ralph Carmel and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-07-19 with total page 558 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an unusually comprehensive 2001 account of the broad range of medical implications of homocysteine.
Download or read book Sheep and Goat Production written by I. E. Coop and published by Elsevier Science & Technology. This book was released on 1982 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecology and distribution; Breeding; Reproduction; Maintenance and growth; Pregnancy; Lactation of suckling ewes and does; Nutritional diseases; Infectious diseases of sheep and goats; Internal parasites of sheep and goats; External parasites of sheep and goats; Growth and characteristics of wool and hair; Wiik grading and marketing; Livestock and meat marketing and grading; Carcase and meat qualities; Milk production in sheep and goats; Systems, biological and economic efficiencies; Very extensive systems; Extensive grazing systems; Intensive grassland systems; Intensive arable systems; Very intensive systems; Government controlled systems; Migratory (Transhumance) systems; Nomadic systems; Village and smallholder systems; List of contributors.
Download or read book Medical image computing and computer assisted intervention written by Nicholas Ayache and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biofilm Infections written by Thomas Bjarnsholt and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-11 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will cover both the evidence for biofilms in many chronic bacterial infections as well as the problems facing these infections such as diagnostics and treatment regimes. A still increasing interest and emphasis on the sessile bacterial lifestyle biofilms has been seen since it was realized that that less than 0.1% of the total microbial biomass lives in the planktonic mode of growth. The term was coined in 1978 by Costerton et al. who defined the term biofilm for the first time.In 1993 the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) recognised that the biofilmmode of growth was relevant to microbiology. Lately many articles have been published on the clinical implications of bacterial biofilms. Both original articles and reviews concerning the biofilm problem are available.
Download or read book Dual Attraction written by Martin S. Weinberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1995-06-01 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past two generations, extensive research has been conducted on the determinants of homosexuality. But, until now, scant attention has been paid to what is perhaps the most mysterious--and potentially illuminating--variation of human sexual expression, bisexuality. Today, as ignorance and fear of AIDS makes greater awareness of all forms of sexual behavior an urgent matter of private and public consequence, leading sex researchers Martin Weinberg, Colin Williams, and Douglas Pryor provide us with the first major study of bisexuality. Weinberg, Williams, and Pryor explore the riddle of dual attraction in their study of 800 residents of San Francisco. Fieldwork, intensive interviews, and surveys provided a wealth of data about the nature of bisexual attraction, the steps that lead people to become bisexual, and how sexual preference can change over time. They found that heterosexuals, more often than homosexuals, become bisexual; that bisexual men and women differ markedly in their sexual behavior and romantic feelings; that most bisexuals ultimately settle into long-term relationships while continuing sexual activity outside those relationships; and they also explain why transsexuals often become bisexual. Moreover, the authors discovered that as the AIDS crisis unfolded, many bisexual men entered into monogamous relationships with women, and bisexual women into more lesbian relationships. Recent media accounts attest that a growing number of researchers and writers are narrowing the fundamental cause of sexual preference to a single factor, biology. But if, as this study shows, learning plays a significant part in helping people traverse the boundaries of gender, if past and present intimate relationships influence their changing preferences, and if bisexual activity is inseparable from a social environment which provides distinctive sexual opportunities, then a mosaic of factors far more complex than those previously considered must be entertained in explaining the fuller spectrum of sexual preferences. Dual Attraction is one of the most significant contributions to our understanding of sexuality since the original Kinsey reports and Bell and Weinberg's 1978 international bestseller, Homosexualities. It is must reading for all those interested in the study of sexual behavior--especially now, since the onset of AIDS.
Download or read book The Dysarthrias written by Malcolm Ray McNeil and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Farm Profits and Adoption of Precision Agriculture written by U.s. Department of Agriculture and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-02-15 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Precision agriculture (PA) and its suite of information technologies-such as soil and yield mapping using a global positioning system (GPS), GPS tractor guidance systems, and variable-rate input application-allow farm operators to fine-tune their production practices. Access to detailed, within-field information can decrease input costs and increase yields. USDA's Agricultural Resource Management Survey shows that these PA technologies were used on roughly 30 to 50 percent of U.S. corn and soybean acres in 2010-12. Previous studies suggest that use of PA is associated with higher profits under certain conditions, but aggregate estimates of these gains have not been available. In this report, a treatment-effects model is developed to estimate factors associated with PA technology adoption rates and the impacts of adoption on profits. Labor and machinery used in production and certain farm characteristics, like farm size, are associated with adoption as well as with two profit measures, net returns and operating profits. The impact of these PA technologies on profits for U.S. corn producers is positive, but small. Keywords: Crop production information technologies, precision agriculture, variablerate technology, soil tests, global positioning system maps, guidance systems.
Download or read book Bacterial Biofilms written by Tony Romeo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-26 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout the biological world, bacteria thrive predominantly in surface-attached, matrix-enclosed, multicellular communities or biofilms, as opposed to isolated planktonic cells. This choice of lifestyle is not trivial, as it involves major shifts in the use of genetic information and cellular energy, and has profound consequences for bacterial physiology and survival. Growth within a biofilm can thwart immune function and antibiotic therapy and thereby complicate the treatment of infectious diseases, especially chronic and foreign device-associated infections. Modern studies of many important biofilms have advanced well beyond the descriptive stage, and have begun to provide molecular details of the structural, biochemical, and genetic processes that drive biofilm formation and its dispersion. There is much diversity in the details of biofilm development among various species, but there are also commonalities. In most species, environmental and nutritional conditions greatly influence biofilm development. Similar kinds of adhesive molecules often promote biofilm formation in diverse species. Signaling and regulatory processes that drive biofilm development are often conserved, especially among related bacteria. Knowledge of such processes holds great promise for efforts to control biofilm growth and combat biofilm-associated infections. This volume focuses on the biology of biofilms that affect human disease, although it is by no means comprehensive. It opens with chapters that provide the reader with current perspectives on biofilm development, physiology, environmental, and regulatory effects, the role of quorum sensing, and resistance/phenotypic persistence to antimicrobial agents during biofilm growth.
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture written by Salim Lamine and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-10-20 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing in Precision Agriculture: Transforming Scientific Advancement into Innovation compiles the latest applications of remote sensing in agriculture using spaceborne, airborne and drones’ geospatial data. The book presents case studies, new algorithms and the latest methods surrounding crop sown area estimation, determining crop health status, assessment of vegetation dynamics, crop diseases identification, crop yield estimation, soil properties, drone image analysis for crop damage assessment, and other issues in precision agriculture. This book is ideal for those seeking to explore and implement remote sensing in an effective and efficient manner with its compendium of scientifically and technologically sound information. Presents a well-integrated collection of chapters, with quality, consistency and continuity Provides the latest RS techniques in Precision Agriculture that are addressed by leading experts Includes detailed, yet geographically global case studies that can be easily understood, reproduced or implemented Covers geospatial data, with codes available through shared links
