Download or read book An Integrated Approach to Estimate Pedestrian Exposure to Roadside Vehicle Pollutants written by Fangzhou Su and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Green Smart and Connected Transportation Systems written by Wuhong Wang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-23 with total page 1505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings gather selected papers from the 9th International Conference on Green Intelligent Transportation Systems and Safety, held in Guilin, China on July 1-3, 2018. They feature cutting-edge studies on Green Intelligent Mobility Systems, the guiding motto being to achieve “green, intelligent, and safe transportation systems.” The contributions presented here can help promote the development of green mobility and intelligent transportation technologies to improve interconnectivity, resource sharing, flexibility and efficiency. Given its scope, the book will benefit researchers and engineers in the fields of Transportation Technology and Traffic Engineering, Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Industrial and System Engineering, and Electrical Engineering alike.

Download or read book Improving the Roadside Environment Through Integrating Air Quality and Traffic Related Data written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban arterial corridors are landscapes that give rise to short and long-term exposures to transportation-related pollution. With high traffic volumes, congestion, and a wide mix of road users and land uses at the road edge, urban arterial environments are important targets for improved exposure assessment to traffic-related pollution. Applying transportation management strategies to reduce emissions along arterial corridors could be enhanced if the ability to quantify and evaluate such actions was improved. However, arterial roadsides are under-sampled in terms of air pollution measurements in the United States and using observational data to assess such effects has many challenges such as lack of control sites for comparisons and temporal autocorrelation. The availability of traffic-related data is also typically limited in air monitoring and health studies. The work presented here uses unique long-term roadside air quality monitoring collected at the intersection of an urban arterial in Portland, OR to characterize the roadside atmospheric environment. This air quality dataset is then integrated with traffic-related data to assess various methods for improving exposure assessment and the roadside environment. Roadside nitric oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and particle number concentration (PNC) measurements all demonstrated a relationship with local traffic volumes. Seasonal and diurnal characterizations show that roadside PM2.5 (mass) measurements do not have a relationship with local traffic volumes, providing evidence that PM2.5 mass is more tied to regional sources and meteorological conditions. The relationship of roadside NO and NO2 with traffic volumes was assessed over short and long-term aggregations to assess the reliability of a commonly employed method of using traffic volumes as a proxy for traffic-related exposure. This method was shown to be insufficient for shorter-time scales. Comparisons with annual aggregations validate the use of traffic volumes to estimate annual exposure concentrations, demonstrating this method can capture chronic but not acute exposure. As epidemiology and exposure assessment aims to target health impacts and pollutant levels encountered by pedestrians, cyclists, and those waiting for transit, these results show when traffic volumes alone can be a reliable proxy for exposure and when this approach is not warranted.

Download or read book Estimating Pedestrian Accident Exposure written by Ryan Greene-Roesel and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Fine Scale Modeling to Estimate Human Exposures to Air Pollution written by Fatema Parvez and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic related air pollution is considered one of the major challenges for a large number of urban population. The rapid growth of the world's motor-vehicle fleet due to population growth and economic improvement causes a significant negative impact on public health. As pollutants from roadway emission sources reach background concentration levels within a few hundred meters from the source, it is very challenging to implement a model that captures this behavior. Currently available air quality modeling approaches can compute the source specific pollutant fate on either a regional or a local scale but still lack effective ways to estimate the combined regional and local source contributions to exposure. Temporal variabilities in human activities and differences in pollutant dispersion pattern in stable and unstable atmospheric conditions greatly influence the exposure. Estimating air pollution exposure from local sources such as motor vehicles while considering all the variables impacting the dispersion make the process computationally intensive. We developed a hybrid modeling framework combining a regional model, CAMx - Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions, and a local scale dispersion model, R-LINE, to estimate concentrations of both primary and secondary species from onroad emission sources. We utilized all chemical and physical processes available in CAMx and use the Particulate Matter Source Apportionment Technology, PSAT to quantify the concentrations from onroad and non-road emission sources. We employed R-LINE to estimate pollutant distribution from onroad emission sources at a finer resolution. Combining these two models, we estimated combined concentrations at a finer spatial resolution and at hourly temporal resolution. We have applied this modeling framework to three major cities in Connecticut and quantified human exposure to NOx, PM2.5, and elemental carbon (EC) at census block group resolution. We also estimated health risks on different demographic groups associated with PM2.5 exposures. Our approach of using a dispersion model is unique as it uses the mass fraction of the total dispersed pollutant at different receptor points and hence is not dependent on extensive roadway emissions data or extensive model runs. Overall, this modeling approach overcomes two major challenges facing hybrid modeling for near roadway exposures- double counting emissions and a lack of temporal variability in estimating concentrations.

Download or read book A Distance based Method to Estimate Annual Pedestrian and Bicyclist Exposure in an Urban Environment written by John A. Molino and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Currently, there is no commonly accepted or adopted measure of pedestrian and bicyclist exposure. This report presents a methodology for measuring a region's pedestrian and bicyclist exposure, which is defined as 100 million pedestrian/bicyclist mi (161 million pedestrian/bicyclist km) of roadway (or other motor vehicle shared facility) traveled. A method for implementing the exposure measure is described for various shared facility types that are characteristic to the urban environment of Washington, DC. These facilities include three types of intersections (signalized, stop-controlled (all-way), and partially stop-controlled) as well as midblock road segments, driveways, alleys, parking lots, parking garages, school areas, and areas with playing/dashing/working in the roadway. A pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of the method at seven sites in Washington, DC, in 2006. In 2007, the methodology was implemented on a larger scale to estimate the annual pedestrian and bicyclist exposure in Washington, DC, which was 0.80 hundred million mi (1.29 hundred million km) for pedestrian exposure and 0.37 hundred million mi (0.59 hundred million km) for bicyclist exposure. As a result of simplifications in the present data aggregation technique, these particular exposure values are overestimated. However, procedural changes are suggested to correct this issue. Within the constraints of this study, both the feasibility and scalability of the methodology were successfully demonstrated for a relatively large urban environment. The results indicate that the methodology has the potential to be used to collect exposure data that are not currently readily available to the pedestrian and bicycle safety community. Although further refinement and validation are still needed, the methodology provides a possible initial foundation to develop a national unit of exposure for pedestrians and bicyclists.

Download or read book Pedestrian Facilities Users Guide Providing Safety and Mobility written by Charles V. Zegeer and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This guide is intended to provide information on how to identify safety and mobility needs for pedestrians with the roadway right-of-way. Useful for engineers, planners, safety professionals and decision-makers, the guide covers such topics as: the Walking Environment including sidewalks, curb ramps, crosswalks, roadway lighting and pedestrian over and under passes; Roadway Design including bicycle lanes, roadway narrowing, reducing the number of lanes, one-way/two-way streets, right-turn slip lanes and raised medians; Intersections with roundabouts, T-intersections and median barriers; and Traffic calming designs.

Download or read book A Guide for Transportation Landscape and Environmental Design written by American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Highway Subcommittee on Design and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Roundabouts written by Lee August Rodegerdts and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2010 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 672: Roundabouts: An Informational Guide - Second Edition explores the planning, design, construction, maintenance, and operation of roundabouts. The report also addresses issues that may be useful in helping to explain the trade-offs associated with roundabouts. This report updates the U.S. Federal Highway Administration's Roundabouts: An Informational Guide, based on experience gained in the United States since that guide was published in 2000.

Download or read book Traffic Congestion written by Alberto Bull and published by Santiago, Chile : United Nations, Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. This book was released on 2003 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Airborne Particulate Matter written by R M Harrison and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2016-08-18 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The estimated health impacts and associated economic costs resulting from airborne particulate matter are substantial. Exposure to airborne fine particles ranks highly amongst preventable causes of disease. This book reviews the sources and atmospheric processes affecting airborne particulate matter and consequent impacts upon human health. Examining the latest information on the sources of particles in the atmosphere, both through direct emissions and atmospheric formation, the book also explores the methods which are used to estimate the contributions of different sources to airborne concentrations. Featuring case studies from recent assessments in Europe, the USA, China and India, the book provides a global overview of source apportionment. The health effects are reviewed in the context of the influence of sources, chemical composition and particle size upon relative toxicity. This comprehensive book is an important reference for policymakers and consultants working with pollution and human health, as well as academics working in atmospheric chemistry.

Download or read book Environmental Contaminants written by Tarun Gupta and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-28 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the measurement of environmental contaminants in water, air, and soil. It also presents modifications of and improvements to existing control technologies for remediation of environmental contaminants. It covers improved designs of wastewater systems and innovations in designing newer membranes for water treatment. In addition, it includes two separate sections on the modelling and control of different existing and emerging pollutants. It covers major topics such as: pharmaceutical wastes, paper and pulp waste, poly aromatic hydrocarbons, mining dust, bioaerosols, endosulphan, biomass combustion, and landfill design aspects. It also features chapters on environmental exposure and modelling of aerosol deposition within human lungs. The content of this book will be of interest to researchers, professionals, and policymakers whose work involves environmental contaminants and related solutions.

Download or read book Urban Climates written by T. R. Oke and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Climates is the first full synthesis of modern scientific and applied research on urban climates. The book begins with an outline of what constitutes an urban ecosystem. It develops a comprehensive terminology for the subject using scale and surface classification as key constructs. It explains the physical principles governing the creation of distinct urban climates, such as airflow around buildings, the heat island, precipitation modification and air pollution, and it then illustrates how this knowledge can be applied to moderate the undesirable consequences of urban development and help create more sustainable and resilient cities. With urban climate science now a fully-fledged field, this timely book fulfills the need to bring together the disparate parts of climate research on cities into a coherent framework. It is an ideal resource for students and researchers in fields such as climatology, urban hydrology, air quality, environmental engineering and urban design.

Download or read book Applied Science Technology Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Literature Review on Vehicle Travel Speeds and Pedestrian Injuries written by W. A. Leaf and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Speed Management written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2006-10-13 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Speeding is the number one road safety problem in a large number of OECD/ECMT countries. It is responsible for around one third of the current, unacceptably high levels of road fatalities. Speeding has an impact not only on accidents but also on the ...

Download or read book Automotive Air Pollution written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Automotive air pollution will intensify with increasing urbanization and the rapid pace of motorization in developing countries. Without effective measures to curb air pollution, some 300-400 million city dwellers in developing countries will become exposed to unhealthy and dangerous levels of air pollution by the end of the century. Administratively simple policies that encourage clean fuels and better traffic management are the most promising approach to controlling vehicle pollutant emissions in developing countries.