Download or read book Theory of Incomplete Markets written by Michael Magill and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theory of incompl. markets/M. Magill, M. Quinzii. - V.1.
Download or read book Theory of Incomplete Cylindrical Functions and their Applications written by Matest M. Agrest and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-11 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In preparing the English edition of this unique work, every effort has been made to obtain an easily read and lueid exposition of the material. This has frequently been done at the expense of a literal translation of the original text and it is felt that such liberties as have been taken with the author's language are justified in the interest of ease in readingo None of us pretends to be an authority in the Russian language, and we trust that the original intent of the authors has not been lost. The equations, whieh were for the most part taken verbatim from the original work, were eheeked only eursorily; obvious and previously noted errors have been eorreeted. Fortunately, the Russian and English mathematieal notations are generally in good agreement. An exeeption is the shortened abbreviations for the hyperbolie functions (e.g. sh for sinh), and the symbol Jm rather that Im to denote the imaginary part. As near as possible, these diserepaneies have been correeted. In preparing the Bibliography, works having an English equivalent have been translated into the English title, but in the text the referenee to the Russian work was retained, as it was impraetieal to attempt to find in eaeh ease the eorresponding eitation in the English edition. Authors' names and titles associated with purely Russian works have been transliterated as nearly as possible to the English equivalent, along with the equivalent English title of the work cited.
Download or read book A World Without Time written by Palle Yourgrau and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is a widely known but little considered fact that Albert Einstein and Kurt Godel were best friends for the last decade and a half of Einstein's life. The two walked home together from Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study every day; they shared ideas about physics, philosophy, politics, and the lost world of German science in which they had grown up. By 1949, Godel had produced a remarkable proof: In any universe described by the Theory of Relativity, time cannot exist . Einstein endorsed this result-reluctantly, since it decisively overthrew the classical world-view to which he was committed. But he could find no way to refute it, and in the half-century since then, neither has anyone else. Even more remarkable than this stunning discovery, however, was what happened afterward: nothing. Cosmologists and philosophers alike have proceeded with their work as if Godel's proof never existed -one of the greatest scandals of modern intellectual history. A World Without Time is a sweeping, ambitious book, and yet poignant and intimate. It tells the story of two magnificent minds put on the shelf by the scientific fashions of their day, and attempts to rescue from undeserved obscurity the brilliant work they did together.
Download or read book Incompleteness written by Rebecca Goldstein and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2006-01-31 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "An introduction to the life and thought of Kurt Gödel, who transformed our conception of math forever"--Provided by publisher.
Download or read book G del s Theorem written by Torkel Franzén and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-06-06 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Among the many expositions of Gödel's incompleteness theorems written for non-specialists, this book stands apart. With exceptional clarity, Franzén gives careful, non-technical explanations both of what those theorems say and, more importantly, what they do not. No other book aims, as his does, to address in detail the misunderstandings and abuses of the incompleteness theorems that are so rife in popular discussions of their significance. As an antidote to the many spurious appeals to incompleteness in theological, anti-mechanist and post-modernist debates, it is a valuable addition to the literature." --- John W. Dawson, author of Logical Dilemmas: The Life and Work of Kurt Gödel
Download or read book The Incomplete Universe written by Patrick Grim and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central claim of this powerful philosophical exploration is that within any logic we have, there can be no coherent notion of all truth or of total knowledge. Grim examines a series of logical paradoxes and related formal results to reveal their implications for contemporary epistemology, metaphysics, and the philosophy of religion. He reaches the provocative conclusion that, if the universe is thought of in terms of its truths, it is essentially open and incomplete. The Incomplete Universe includes detailed work on the liar paradox and recent attempts at solution, Kaplan and Montague's paradox of the knower, the Gödel theorems and related incompleteness phenomena, and new forms of Cantorian argument. The emphasis throughout is philosophical rather than formal, with an eye to connection's with possible worlds, the notion of omniscience, and the opening lines of the Tractatus: "The world is all that is the case. "
Download or read book Incomplete Nature How Mind Emerged from Matter written by Terrence W. Deacon and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2012 with total page 625 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the emergent processes that bridge the gap between organisms that think and have consciousness and those that do not and discusses the origins of life, information, and free will.
Download or read book Uncountably Categorical Theories written by Boris Zilber and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 1970s saw the appearance and development in categoricity theory of a tendency to focus on the study and description of uncountably categorical theories in various special classes defined by natural algebraic or syntactic conditions. There have thus been studies of uncountably categorical theories of groups and rings, theories of a one-place function, universal theories of semigroups, quasivarieties categorical in infinite powers, and Horn theories. In Uncountably Categorical Theories , this research area is referred to as the special classification theory of categoricity. Zilber's goal is to develop a structural theory of categoricity, using methods and results of the special classification theory, and to construct on this basis a foundation for a general classification theory of categoricity, that is, a theory aimed at describing large classes of uncountably categorical structures not restricted by any syntactic or algebraic conditions.
Download or read book An Introduction to G del s Theorems written by Peter Smith and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-07-26 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1931, the young Kurt Gödel published his First Incompleteness Theorem, which tells us that, for any sufficiently rich theory of arithmetic, there are some arithmetical truths the theory cannot prove. This remarkable result is among the most intriguing (and most misunderstood) in logic. Gödel also outlined an equally significant Second Incompleteness Theorem. How are these Theorems established, and why do they matter? Peter Smith answers these questions by presenting an unusual variety of proofs for the First Theorem, showing how to prove the Second Theorem, and exploring a family of related results (including some not easily available elsewhere). The formal explanations are interwoven with discussions of the wider significance of the two Theorems. This book will be accessible to philosophy students with a limited formal background. It is equally suitable for mathematics students taking a first course in mathematical logic.
Download or read book G del s Proof written by Ernest Nagel and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1931 the mathematical logician Kurt Godel published a revolutionary paper that challenged certain basic assumptions underpinning mathematics and logic. A colleague of Albert Einstein, his theorem proved that mathematics was partly based on propositions not provable within the mathematical system and had radical implications that have echoed throughout many fields. A gripping combination of science and accessibility, Godel’s Proofby Nagel and Newman is for both mathematicians and the idly curious, offering those with a taste for logic and philosophy the chance to satisfy their intellectual curiosity.
Download or read book Principia Mathematica written by Alfred North Whitehead and published by . This book was released on 1910 with total page 688 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quantum Field Theory written by G. B. Folland and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2008-08-26 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Quantum field theory has been a great success for physics, but it is difficult for mathematicians to learn because it is mathematically incomplete. Folland, who is a mathematician, has spent considerable time digesting the physical theory and sorting out the mathematical issues in it. Fortunately for mathematicians, Folland is a gifted expositor. The purpose of this book is to present the elements of quantum field theory, with the goal of understanding the behavior of elementary particles rather than building formal mathematical structures, in a form that will be comprehensible to mathematicians. Rigorous definitions and arguments are presented as far as they are available, but the text proceeds on a more informal level when necessary, with due care in identifying the difficulties. The book begins with a review of classical physics and quantum mechanics, then proceeds through the construction of free quantum fields to the perturbation-theoretic development of interacting field theory and renormalization theory, with emphasis on quantum electrodynamics. The final two chapters present the functional integral approach and the elements of gauge field theory, including the Salam-Weinberg model of electromagnetic and weak interactions.
Download or read book Einstein s Unfinished Revolution written by Lee Smolin and published by Knopf Canada. This book was released on 2019-04-09 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A daring new vision of the quantum universe, and the scandals controversies, and questions that may illuminate our future--from Canada's leading mind on contemporary physics. Quantum physics is the golden child of modern science. It is the basis of our understanding of atoms, radiation, and so much else, from elementary particles and basic forces to the behaviour of materials. But for a century it has also been the problem child of science, plagued by intense disagreements between its intellectual giants, from Albert Einstein to Stephen Hawking, over the strange paradoxes and implications that seem like the stuff of fantasy. Whether it's Schrödinger's cat--a creature that is simultaneously dead and alive--or a belief that the world does not exist independently of our observations of it, quantum theory is what challenges our fundamental assumptions about our reality. In Einstein's Unfinished Revolution, globally renowned theoretical physicist Lee Smolin provocatively argues that the problems which have bedeviled quantum physics since its inception are unsolved for the simple reason that the theory is incomplete. There is more, waiting to be discovered. Our task--if we are to have simple answers to our simple questions about the universe we live in--must be to go beyond it to a description of the world on an atomic scale that makes sense. In this vibrant and accessible book, Smolin takes us on a journey through the basics of quantum physics, introducing the stories of the experiments and figures that have transformed the field, before wrestling with the puzzles and conundrums that they present. Along the way, he illuminates the existing theories about the quantum world that might solve these problems, guiding us toward his own vision that embraces common sense realism. If we are to have any hope of completing the revolution that Einstein began nearly a century ago, we must go beyond quantum mechanics as we know it to find a theory that will give us a complete description of nature. In Einstein's Unfinished Revolution, Lee Smolin brings us a step closer to resolving one of the greatest scientific controversies of our age.
Download or read book Three Roads To Quantum Gravity written by Lee Smolin and published by Basic Books. This book was released on 2008-03-18 with total page 251 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "It would be hard to imagine a better guide to this difficult subject." -- Scientific American In Three Roads to Quantum Gravity, Lee Smolin provides an accessible overview of the attempts to build a final "theory of everything." He explains in simple terms what scientists are talking about when they say the world is made from exotic entities such as loops, strings, and black holes and tells the fascinating stories behind these discoveries: the rivalries, epiphanies, and intrigues he witnessed firsthand. "Provocative, original, and unsettling." -- The New York Review of Books "An excellent writer, a creative thinker." -- Nature
Download or read book Incomplete Information Rough Set Analysis written by Ewa Orlowska and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1982, Professor Pawlak published his seminal paper on what he called "rough sets" - a work which opened a new direction in the development of theories of incomplete information. Today, a decade and a half later, the theory of rough sets has evolved into a far-reaching methodology for dealing with a wide variety of issues centering on incompleteness and imprecision of information - issues which playa key role in the conception and design of intelligent information systems. "Incomplete Information: Rough Set Analysis" - or RSA for short - presents an up-to-date and highly authoritative account of the current status of the basic theory, its many extensions and wide-ranging applications. Edited by Professor Ewa Orlowska, one of the leading contributors to the theory of rough sets, RSA is a collection of nineteen well-integrated chapters authored by experts in rough set theory and related fields. A common thread that runs through these chapters ties the concept of incompleteness of information to those of indiscernibility and similarity.
Download or read book Undecidable Theories written by Alfred Tarski and published by Dover Books on Mathematics. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This well-known book by the famed logician consists of three treatises: A General Method in Proofs of Undecidability, Undecidability and Essential Undecidability in Mathematics, and Undecidability of the Elementary Theory of Groups. 1953 edition.
Download or read book The Perfect Theory written by Pedro G. Ferreira and published by HMH. This book was released on 2014-02-04 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “One of the best popular accounts of how Einstein and his followers have been trying to explain the universe for decades” (Kirkus Reviews, starred review). Physicists have been exploring, debating, and questioning the general theory of relativity ever since Albert Einstein first presented it in 1915. This has driven their work to unveil the universe’s surprising secrets even further, and many believe more wonders remain hidden within the theory’s tangle of equations, waiting to be exposed. In this sweeping narrative of science and culture, an astrophysicist brings general relativity to life through the story of the brilliant physicists, mathematicians, and astronomers who have taken up its challenge. For these scientists, the theory has been both a treasure trove and an enigma. Einstein’s theory, which explains the relationships among gravity, space, and time, is possibly the most perfect intellectual achievement of modern physics—yet studying it has always been a controversial endeavor. Relativists were the target of persecution in Hitler’s Germany, hounded in Stalin’s Russia, and disdained in 1950s America. Even today, PhD students are warned that specializing in general relativity will make them unemployable. Still, general relativity has flourished, delivering key insights into our understanding of the origin of time and the evolution of all the stars and galaxies in the cosmos. Its adherents have revealed what lies at the farthest reaches of the universe, shed light on the smallest scales of existence, and explained how the fabric of reality emerges. Dark matter, dark energy, black holes, and string theory are all progeny of Einstein’s theory. In the midst of a momentous transformation in modern physics, as scientists look farther and more clearly into space than ever before, The Perfect Theory exposes the greater relevance of general relativity, showing us where it started, where it has led—and where it can still take us.
