Download or read book An Experimental Study of the Nucleation and Growth of Gas Hydrates written by Martin Bylov and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nucleation of Gas Hydrates written by Nobuo Maeda and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces readers to experimental techniques of general utility that can be used to practically and reliably determine nucleation rates. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation. The formation of gas hydrates is a first-order phase transition that begins with nucleation. Understanding nucleation is of interest to many working in the chemical and petroleum industry, since nucleation, while beneficial in many chemical processes, is also a concern in terms of flow assurance for oil and natural gas pipelines. A primary difficulty in the investigation of gas hydrate nucleation has been researchers’ inability to determine and compare the nucleation rates of gas hydrates across systems with different scales and levels of complexity, which in turn has limited their ability to study the nucleation process itself. This book introduces readers to experimental techniques that can be used to practically and reliably determine the nucleation rates of gas hydrate systems. It also covers the basics of gas hydrates, phase equilibria, nucleation theory, crystal growth, and interfacial gaseous states. Given its scope, the book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the field of hydrate nucleation.
Download or read book Advances in the Study of Gas Hydrates written by Charles E. Taylor and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book had its genesis in a symposium on gas hydrates presented at the 2003 Spring National Meeting of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. The symposium consisted of twenty papers presented in four sessions over two days. Additional guest authors were invited to provide continuity and cover topics not addressed during the symposium. Gas hydrates are a unique class of chemical compounds where molecules of one compound (the guest material) are enclosed, without bonding chemically, within an open solid lattice composed of another compound (the host material). These types of configurations are known as clathrates. The guest molecules, u- ally gases, are of an appropriate size such that they fit within the cage formed by the host material. Commonexamples of gas hydrates are carbon dioxide/water and methane/water clathrates. At standard pressure and temperature, methane hydrate contains by volume 180 times as much methane as hydrate. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) has estimated that there is more organic carbon c- tained as methane hydrate than all other forms of fossil fuels combined. In fact, methane hydrates could provide a clean source of energy for several centuries. Clathrate compounds were first discovered in the early 1800s when Humphrey Davy and Michael Faraday were experimenting with chlorine-water mixtures.
Download or read book Kinetics and Heat Transfer During Crystallization of Gas Hydrates and Ice written by Aritra Kar and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crystallization refers to a liquid-to-solid phase transition and has been extensively studied due to its relevance in wide-ranging engineering systems. Although the thermodynamics of crystallization is well understood, the kinetics of liquid-solid phase transitions remains an area of active research. Unlike the reverse process of melting, crystallization consists of two different stages: nucleation of a seed crystal, followed by growth into the liquid medium. The kinetics of nucleation primarily depends on interfacial energies and temperature, whereas growth is influenced by heat and mass transfer characteristics of the system. Understanding the overall kinetics of liquid-solid phase transitions is therefore quite complex, and is the focus of this dissertation. This dissertation focuses on the crystallization of gas hydrates and ice. Hydrates are ice-like crystalline solids which form under high pressure and low temperature conditions from water (cage of host molecules) and another liquid or gas (guest molecule). Hydrates can enable novel applications in areas such as carbon capture and sequestration (CCS), flow assurance, natural gas transportation/storage and desalination. Understanding ice formation/melting is critical in the fields of atmospheric sciences, global warming, cryopreservation, infrastructure protection and desalination. Specific topics of this dissertation center around the nucleation and growth kinetics of hydrates and ice. The first task aims at improving the significantly sluggish nucleation kinetics of carbon dioxide (CO2) hydrates. CO2 hydrates offer promising new options for carbon dioxide capture and sequestration. However, nucleation times of CO2 hydrates can range from hours to days, which is too slow and stochastic for any practical application. Building up on previous research, it is discovered that magnesium and magnesium alloy surfaces can nucleate CO2 hydrates in a few minutes. This represents a 20X improvement in nucleation time over previous research and makes possible on-demand nucleation, which is critical for industrial applications. XPS and FTIR characterization of these surfaces reveal interesting mechanistic insights into the phenomena underlying this ultrafast nucleation. The second task studies the influence of three-phase contact lines and interfacial chemistry on the nucleation kinetics of ice. From classical understanding of nucleation, it is well-known that homogenous nucleation is much slower than heterogeneous nucleation, with the latter occurring on a metal surface with high surface energy. Heterogeneous nucleation is therefore analytically modeled at the conjunction of two phases. It is shown that the conjunction of three-phases at contact lines can further accelerate nucleation. Experimentally, this is often observed in bulk water where ice nucleation originates at the three-phase contact lines present in the system, and not inside the bulk water. Controlled experimentation investigating ice nucleation at fluid-fluid-solid interfaces and modeling using classical nucleation theory show the importance of considering three-phase line contacts during ice nucleation. The third task models the film growth kinetics of hydrates on a stagnant gas-water interface. Film growth of hydrates is the stage of hydrate growth after nucleation where a layer of hydrate grows at the interface of gas and water. It has been conventionally understood that the kinetics of film growth is controlled by the rate of heat transfer in the system. Using scaling arguments, this dissertation shows that heat transfer is not a significant factor, as previously believed. It is shown that hydrate film growth can be effectively modelled using gas diffusion-limited kinetics. The new model shows excellent agreement with multiple experimental datasets (from literature) on hydrate formation from a single as well as mixture of gases. This work enables a novel understanding of the kinetics underlying film growth and provides a fundamentals-based equation for describing the reaction model of hydrate formation. The fourth task explores the coupling between heat and mass transfer during hydrate growth. Hydrate growth kinetics has been modeled in studies spanning several decades; however, most models tend to focus on heat and mass transfer separately; there is inadequate understanding on how these effects are coupled. The focus of this task is to develop a mathematical formulation to capture such effects. The developed mathematical formulation is incorporated in a framework to simulate hydrate growth in bubble column reactors. Bubble column reactors exhibit one of the highest growth rates and the process can be significantly heat transfer-limited if not designed appropriately. The simulation captures the evolution of bubble velocities, bubble radius, temperature, conversion rate etc. for various flow rates of gas and operating conditions. This work also identifies methods to enhance heat dissipation and captures the influence of various operating parameters on hydrate growth. In summary, this dissertation significantly advances the current understanding of crystallization of hydrates and ice. Via experimentation and modeling (analytical, numerical), this dissertation reports novel approaches to speed up hydrate formation, while also providing a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the nucleation of hydrates and ice
Download or read book Heat and Cold Storage Volume 1 written by Pierre Odru and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2024-09-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heat and Cold Storage 1 is dedicated to sensible and latent heat storage processes. Beginning with some theoretical reminders, this book presents the main situations of low-temperature and high-temperature sensible storage for electricity generation. It also analyzes latent storage on phase-change materials (PCMs) from a fundamental standpoint, presenting the mechanisms to prepare PCMs and their integration into heat and cold storage processes. The most promising materials are presented, along with ways of improving the materials studied. Notions of technico-economic profitability are also defined. Finally, the book looks at heat storage in thermodynamic solar power plants and the wide variety of physical storage principles involved.
Download or read book Unconventional Petroleum Geology written by Caineng Zou and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unconventional Petroleum Geology is the first book of its kind to collectively identify, catalog, and assess the exploration and recovery potential of the Earth's unconventional hydrocarbons. Advances in hydrocarbon technology and petroleum development systems have recently made the exploration of unconventional hydrocarbons—such as shale gas, tight sandstone oil and gas, heavy oil, tar sand, and coalbed methane—the hottest trend in the petroleum industry. Detailed case studies act as real-world application templates, making the book's concepts immediately practical and useful by exploration geologists. The logical and intuitive three-part approach of systematically identifying an unconventional hydrocarbon, cataloguing its accumulation features, and assessing its exploration and recovery potential can be immediately implemented in the field—anywhere in the world. Provides a detailed assessment of the exploration and recovery potential of the full range of unconventional hydrocarbons More than 300 illustrations—many in full color—capture the detailed intricacies and associated technological advances in unconventional hydrocarbon exploration More than 20 case studies and examples from around the world conclude each chapter and aid in the application of key exploration and recovery techniques
Download or read book Experimental Study of Atmospheric Homogeneous Nucleation written by Fred L. Eisele and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Proceedings of The Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering written by Baojiang Sun and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a compilation of selected papers from the Fourth International Technical Symposium on Deepwater Oil and Gas Engineering & The Third International Youth Forum on Gas Hydrate, held in Qingdao, China in December 2021. The work focuses on the advancement of techniques for the deepwater oil and gas exploitation and natural gas hydrate exploitation. The book introduces new ideas for exploring deepwater oil and gas hydrate in a safe and efficient way. Advances of the natural gas hydrate pilot production in South China Sea, in oil and gas flow assurance and emerging technologies based on clathrate hydrate will be presented. It is a valuable resource for both practitioners and academics working in the field of deepwater oil and gas engineering.
Download or read book Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases written by E. Dendy Sloan Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-09-07 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrate research has expanded substantially over the past decade, resulting in more than 4,000 hydrate-related publications. Collating this vast amount of information into one source, Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, Third Edition presents a thoroughly updated, authoritative, and comprehensive description of all major aspects of natural gas cla
Download or read book Gas Hydrates 1 written by Daniel Broseta and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates, or clathrate hydrates, are crystalline solids resembling ice, in which small (guest) molecules, typically gases, are trapped inside cavities formed by hydrogen-bonded water (host) molecules. They form and remain stable under low temperatures – often well below ambient conditions – and high pressures ranging from a few bar to hundreds of bar, depending on the guest molecule. Their presence is ubiquitous on Earth, in deep-marine sediments and in permafrost regions, as well as in outer space, on planets or comets. In addition to water, they can be synthesized with organic species as host molecules, resulting in milder stability conditions: these are referred to as semi-clathrate hydrates. Clathrate and semi-clathrate hydrates are being considered for applications as diverse as gas storage and separation, cold storage and transport and water treatment. This book is the first of two edited volumes, with chapters on the experimental and modeling tools used for characterizing and predicting the unique molecular, thermodynamic and kinetic properties of gas hydrates (Volume 1) and on gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Download or read book Understanding Geologic Carbon Sequestration and Gas Hydrate from Molecular Simulation written by Yongchen Song and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-03-15 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development, storage and comprehensive utilization of energy is an important subject concerned by scientists all over the world. Carbon capture and storage technology is one of the most effective mitigation technologies for global climate change, accurate understanding of the migration of multiphase fluids in reservoirs is crucial for reservoir stock evaluation and safety evaluation. Understanding Carbon Geologic Sequestration and Gas Hydrate from Molecular Simulation systematically introduces CO2 geological sequestration and gas hydrate at the molecular-scale, with research including interfacial properties of multiphase, multicomponent systems, hydrogen bonding properties, adsorption characteristics of CO2 / CH4 in the pore, kinetic properties of decomposition/nucleation/growth of gas hydrate, the influence of additives on gas hydrate growth dynamics, and hydrate prevention and control technology. This book focuses on research-based achievements and provides a comprehensive look at global progress in the field. Because there are limited resources available on carbon geologic sequestration technology and gas hydrate technology at the molecular level, the authors wrote this book to fill a gap in scientific literature and prompt further research. Distills learnings for fundamental and advanced knowledge of molecular simulation in carbon dioxide and gas hydrate storage Synthesizes knowledge about the development status of CGS technology and hydrate technology in the molecular field – tackling these technologies from a microscopic perspective Analyzes scientific problems related to CGS technology and hydrate technology based on molecular simulation methods Explores challenges relative to carbon dioxide and hydrate storage Provides hierarchical analysis combined with the authors’ own research-based case studies for enhanced comprehension and application
Download or read book Gas Hydrates 2 written by Livio Ruffine and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2018-04-16 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Gas hydrates in their natural environment and for potential industrial applications (Volume 2).
Download or read book Natural Gas Hydrates written by Yuguang Ye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Natural Gas Hydrates: Experimental Techniques and Their Applications” attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate experimental techniques in the laboratory. The book examines various experimental techniques in order to provide useful parameters for gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. It provides experimental techniques for gas hydrates, including the detection techniques, the thermo-physical properties, permeability and mechanical properties, geochemical abnormalities, stability and dissociation kinetics, exploitation conditions, as well as modern measurement technologies etc. This book will be of interest to experimental scientists who engage in gas hydrate experiments in the laboratory, and is also intended as a reference work for students concerned with gas hydrate research. Yuguang Ye is a distinguished professor of Experimental Geology at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China. Professor Changling Liu works at the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China.
Download or read book Nucleation written by Dimo Kashchiev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-02-22 with total page 551 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book represents a detailed and systematic account of the basic principles, developments and applications of the theory of nucleation. The formation of new phases begins with the process of nucleation and is, therefore, a widely spread phenomenon in both nature and technology. Condensation and evaporation, crystal growth, electrodeposition, melt crystallization, growth of thin films for microelectronics, volcano eruption and formation of particulate matter in space are only a few of the processes in which nucleation plays a prominent role. The book has four parts, which are devoted to the thermodynamics of nucleation, the kinetics of nucleation, the effect of various factors on nucleation and the application of the theory to other processes, which involve nucleation. The first two parts describe in detail the two basic approaches in nucleation theory - the thermodynamic and the kinetic ones. They contain derivations of the basic and most important formulae of the theory and discuss their limitations and possibilities for improvement. The third part deals with some of the factors that can affect nucleation and is a natural continuation of the first two chapters. The last part is devoted to the application of the theory to processes of practical importance such as melt crystallization and polymorphic transformation, crystal growth and growth of thin solid films, size distribution of droplets and crystallites in condensation and crystallization. The book is not just an account of the status quo in nucleation theory - throughout the book there are a number of new results as well as extensions and generalisations of existing ones.
Download or read book Prediction of Gas hydrate Equilibrium Stability and Kinetic Nucleation in Porous Media written by Yali Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Natural gas-hydrates are crystalline inclusion compounds with gas molecules (guest compounds) trapped within a host lattice formed by water molecules in an ice-like hydrogen-bonded framework. Natural gas-hydrates have the potential to become an important carbon-based resource addressing the increasing energy demand, and they pose a risk in terms of climate change. Accurate estimates of gas-hydrates global inventory, understanding of formation and dissociation processes of gas-hydrates, and evaluation of their environmental impact require models that accurately describe gas-hydrate stability in sediments and predict gas-hydrate kinetic nucleation processes. The hypothesis driving this work is that incorporation of selected sediment properties, i.e., surface energies and pore diameter, can lead to more accurate predictions of hydrate equilibrium, stability and nucleation in porous media. In this work, a model for gas-hydrate equilibrium in porous media was developed from basic thermodynamic principles and tested against available experimental data published in the scientific literature. The proposed model predicts reported experimental data with high accuracy for the range of pore sizes (3.4 ~ 24.75 nm) of different materials reported in the literature. It was found that the wettability of the pore surface affects the shape of the hydrate phase inside the pore and consequently influences the equilibrium pressures of gas-hydrates formed in porous media. A predictive macroscopic mathematical model describing the kinetic nucleation of gas-hydrates was developed based on Classical Nucleation Theory (CNT) in order to formulate correction factors for three types of interfaces mostly encountered in natural sediments (gas-liquid interface, liquid-solid interface and three-phase boundary lines). This approach, which incorporates the interfacial properties of sediments, can efficiently provide a fundamental understanding on the dependence of the formation mechanism of gas hydrates on a wide range of interfacial properties (wettability, substrate size, interfacial tension). The model predicts that hydrate nucleation is energetically favorable on confined surfaces with smaller contact-angle values, i.e., hydrophilic surfaces. Comparison between different types of interfaces leads to the conclusion that the nucleation of gas hydrates preferentially occurs in larger sediment pores. At the beginning of methane hydrate formation, for example, hydrate will preferentially nucleate at the gas-liquid interface. With the increase of hydrate volume or growth of the hydrate phase, the center of crystal growth moves towards the liquid-solid interface. In natural systems, gas hydrates form first on the concave liquid/solid interface and gas/liquid interface in sandstone sediments, gas/liquid interface and gas/liquid/solid triple boundary line in clay sediments and gas/liquid interface in pipeline with oil droplets. The inclusion of sediment properties in the model for gas-hydrate equilibrium in sediments predict experimental data within a margin of %AAD lower than 2%, a significant improvement upon previous modeling attempts. Additionally, the inclusion of sediment properties in the models for kinetic nucleation of gas hydrates result in mathematical models that capture the qualitative information obtained from examination of gas-hydrate core samples. Therefore, the hypothesis of the present work was proven."--Abstract.
Download or read book Advances in Natural Gas Formation Processing and Applications Volume 3 Natural Gas Hydrates written by Mohammad Reza Rahimpour and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-02-16 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Natural Gas: Formation, Processing, and Applications. Volume 3: Natural Gas Hydrates comprises an extensive eight-volume series delving into the intricate realms of both the theoretical fundamentals and practical methodologies associated with the various facets of natural gas. Encompassing the entire spectrum from exploration and extraction to synthesis, processing, purification, and the generation of valuable chemicals and energy, these volumes also navigate through the complexities of transportation, storage challenges, hydrate formation, extraction, and prevention. In Volume 3 titled Natural Gas Hydrates, the fundamental aspects of natural gas hydrates, their associated disasters, and case studies are introduced. This book delves into the intricate details of hydrate structures, physio-chemical properties, and thermodynamics, offering a comprehensive understanding. This volume also explores hydrates as an energy source and covers their dissociation methods. A significant focus is placed on the challenges of natural gas hydrates formation in pipelines, accompanied by prevention techniques. Additionally, this book discusses the discovery and extraction of natural gas hydrates from oceans, shedding light on related geophysical indicators. Introduces characteristics and properties of natural gas hydrates Describes pipeline natural gas hydrates and prevention methods Discusses oceanic natural gas hydrates and extraction methods
Download or read book Natural Gas Hydrates written by Yuguang Ye and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-09-14 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Natural Gas Hydrates: Experimental Techniques and Their Applications” attempts to broadly integrate the most recent knowledge in the fields of hydrate experimental techniques in the laboratory. The book examines various experimental techniques in order to provide useful parameters for gas hydrate exploration and exploitation. It provides experimental techniques for gas hydrates, including the detection techniques, the thermo-physical properties, permeability and mechanical properties, geochemical abnormalities, stability and dissociation kinetics, exploitation conditions, as well as modern measurement technologies etc. This book will be of interest to experimental scientists who engage in gas hydrate experiments in the laboratory, and is also intended as a reference work for students concerned with gas hydrate research. Yuguang Ye is a distinguished professor of Experimental Geology at Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China. Professor Changling Liu works at the Qingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, China.
