Download or read book An Economic Evaluation of the Production of Ethanol from Cellulosic Wastes at the University of Louisville written by Linda Grimes and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Production of Ethanol from Agricultural Waste an Economic Evaluation written by David Paige and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Masters Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 538 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of U S Ethanol Production from Ligno cellulosic Feedstocks written by Youn-Sang Choi and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper evaluates the economic feasibility and economy-wide impacts of the U.S. ethanol production from lignocellulosic feedstocks (LCF) using Tennessee Valley Authority's (TVA's) dilute acid hydrolysis process. A nonlinear mathematical programming model of a single ethanol producer, whose objective is profit maximization, is developed. Because of differences in their chemical composition and production process, lignocellulosic feedstocks are divided into two groups: Biomass feedstocks, which refer to crop residues, energy crops and woody biomass, and municipal solid waste (MSW). Biomass feedstocks are more productive and less costly in producing ethanol and co-products, while MSW generates an additional income to the producer from a tipping fee and recycling. The analysis suggests that, regardless of types of feedstocks used, TVA's conversion process can enhance the economic viability of ethanol production as long as furfural is produced from the hemicellulose fraction of feedstocks as a co-product. The high price of furfural makes it a major factor in determining the economic feasibility of ethanol production. Along with evaluating economic feasibility of LCF-to-ethanol production, the optimal size of a plant producing ethanol using TVA's conversion process is estimated. The larger plant would have the advantage of economies of scale, but also have a disadvantage of increased collection and transportation costs for bulky biomass from more distant locations. We assume that the plant is located in the state of Missouri and utilizes only feedstocks produced in the state. The results indicate that the size of a plant using Biomass feedstocks is much bigger than one using MSW. The difference of plant sizes results from plant location and feedstock availability. One interesting finding is that energy crops are not feasible feedstocks for LCF-to-ethanol production due to their high price. Next, a static CGE model is developed to estimate the U.S. economy-wide impacts of the current ethanol production with a government subsidy and the LCF-to-ethanol production using TVA's dilute acid hydrolysis process. The model is innovative in three ways. First, a production subsidy is explicitly included in the model. Second, co-products are explicitly accounted for in ethanol production. Third, ethanol and gasoline are treated as perfect demand substitutes, as are the co-products and the manufacturing sector's output. The CGE model shows that current ethanol production expands grain crop production by creating an additional demand. In contrast, LCF-to-ethanol production has adverse impacts on grain crop production because Biomass feedstocks substitute for grain in the production of ethanol. The LCF-to-ethanol production also discourages the manufacturing industry because co-products displace a part of intermediate input demand for manufacturing outputs. It is also found that, even though ethanol production using TVA's conversion technology with MSW is economically viable, it is not favorable to the economy. Finally, the results suggest that ethanol production from Biomass feedstocks using TVA's dilute acid hydrolysis process is beneficial to the U.S. economy.
Download or read book Economic Evaluation of the MIT Process for Manufacture of Ethanol written by and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report summarizes the results of an economic evaluation of the MIT process for the manufacture of ethanol from cellulosic residues. Conceptual process designs were developed for two cases, Case A which is based on the experimental data obtained to date, and Case B which hypothesizes the suppression of acid byproducts. Manufacturing costs, including profit, were estimated at $12.20/million Btu for Case A and $9.40/million Btu for Case B. These are equivalent to about $1.05 and $0.80/gal ethanol respectively. These economic estimates may be slightly on the low side since they do not consider feedstock storage nor working capital requirements. Nevertheless, the manufacturing costs for Case A appear to be comparable to those of the manufacture of ethanol from corn. The plant size used for this analysis was 1500 ton/day corn stover. This is considered to be a realistic size. The conceptual plants make about 27 million gal/yr ethanol in Case A and 41 million gal/yr in Case B. The MIT process appears to be one of the more promising programs being developed under contract for DOE. It is recommended that the process research be continued. Three areas of concern were identified which must be investigated before the process can be commercialized. First, a satisfactory means of storage of corn stover and other agricultural residues must be developed. Second, a method to sterilize corn stover must be developed or it must be demonstrated that the MIT process can run continuously for extended periods with stover that has been sterilized. Third, research must be done to demonstrate the recycle and reuse of process water.
Download or read book Process Development Studies on the Bioconversion of Cellulose and Production of Ethanol written by Charles R. Wilke and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Preliminary Economic Evaluation of a Process for the Production of Fuel Grade Ethanol by Enzymatic Hudrolysis of an Agricultural Waste written by SRI International and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Wood Chips Cost Analysis Ethanol E51A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from wood chips via a thermochemical process. The process examined is similar to the one reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). In this process, biomass is subjected to gasification generating syngas, which is then converted to hydrous Ethanol. The process employs concepts similar to those proposed in patents issued to Range Fuels. Mixed alcohols are generated as by-products. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Phillips, S., et al., "Thermochemical Ethanol via Indirect Gasification and Mixed Alcohol Synthesis of Lignocellulosic Biomass, " Report NREL/TP-510-41168, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2007 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book A Techno economic Analysis of Ethanol Production from Hydrolysis of Cellulose with Nanoscale Magnetic Solid Acid Catalysts written by Trevor Joseph Ault and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Acid catalysts have been shown to be very successful in the pretreatment of cellulosic biomass to improve glucose yield and improve overall yield of ethanol. This report presents the results of a techno-economic study that looks into the use of nanoscale magnetic solid acid catalysts for glucose production. Magnetic solid acid catalysts are an improvement over using diluted acid due to eliminating acid-waste generation and corrosion hazards. Their magnetic nature also allows them to be easily separated from reaction products by an external magnetic force. After the technology is analyzed, a series of unit operations is proposed to go from the laboratory scale to the industrial plant scale. The next step was to develop material and energy balances using HYSYS process simulation software. Capital and operating costs are estimated and all the information is combined into a discounted cash flow economic model. The economic portion of the report uses a probabilistic cost assessment. It is used to quantify the range of risks in the project from swings in feedstock costs, differences in yield from catalysts, and any other significant variables. Both capital costs (initial equipment & construction investment) and operating costs (feedstock supply, chemicals, and personnell) are included with ranges of error based on databases and expert opinion. This method of evaluating investment efficiency can be helpful for predicting the cost benefits of proposed future research. The yield and percent catalyst magnetically recovered is assumed based on laboratory research to simplify the model. A 2000 metric tons of biomass per day facility was analyzed. Using the magnetic solid acid catalyst technology, the capital costs are estimated to be $160 million and this technology saves around 10% of capital costs compared to ethanol plants that uses conventional acid hydrolysis. The yield of the magnetic solid acid catalysts should be around 75% to compete with existing ethanol technologies. The metric used for this report is the discount profitability index (DPI) which is the ratio of future cash flows divided by investment. A DPI "hurdle rate" of 1.3 is used, which is similar to industry economic metrics of projects that include new process plants. The calculated DPI for the project is 1.38 DPI which is higher than using conventional cellulose treatment technologies. The recommendation is continue to study this technology's large scale applicability before attempting any plant pilot studies.
Download or read book Preliminary economic evaluation of a process for the production of fuel grade ethanol by enzymatic hydrolysis of an agricultural waste written by SRI International and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Switchgrass Cost Analysis Ethanol E81A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from switchgrass based on a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: biomass pretreatment with dilute acid and ammonia conditioning; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Humbird, D., et al., "Process Design and Economics for Biochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol, " Report NREL/TP-5100-47764, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Preliminary Economic Evaluation of a Process for the Production of Fuel Grade Ethanol by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of an Agricultural Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study concerns the preliminary economic feasibility of a process for converting agricultural waste (wheat straw) to fuel grade ethanol through enzymatic hydrolysis. A preliminary design for the process was developed on the basis of research concepts described in the literature. The base case design is for a 25 million gal/yr plant for 95 vol % ethanol from wheat straw. The preliminary design included material and energy balances and major equipment specifications and sizing, which in turn were used for estimating the required capital investment. Estimates of process operating costs and required selling prices were based on typical industrial conditions. The sensitivity of product ethanol cost to changes in key operating variables was determined in order to indicate where future process improvements are needed and more R and D effort is warranted. (JGB).
Download or read book Process Development Studies on the Bioconversion of Cellulose and Production of Ethanol written by Charles R. Wilke and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ethanol from Municipal Solid Waste Cost Analysis Ethanol E32A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from municipal solid waste (MSW) using a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to AVAP technology, developed by American Process. In this process, biomass is fractionated into cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The hemicellulose and cellulose are converted to monomer sugars, which are then fermented to produce hydrous Ethanol, while lignin is burned to generate electricity. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): WO Patent 2011044378, issued to American Process in 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Wood Chips Cost Analysis Ethanol E52A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2019-09-17 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from wood chips using a biochemical conversion process. The process examined is similar to AVAP technology, developed by American Process. In this process, biomass is fractionated into cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. The hemicellulose and cellulose are converted to monomer sugars, which are then fermented to produce hydrous Ethanol, while lignin is burned to generate electricity. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): WO Patent 2011044378, issued to American Process in 2011 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, 2nd Generation, Cellulosic Sugar, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Cellulosic Ethanol from Corn Stover Cost Analysis Ethanol E12A written by Intratec and published by Intratec. This book was released on 2017-06-01 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents a cost analysis of second generation Ethanol production from corn stover based on a biochemical conversion process The process examined is similar to the process reported by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). This process involves the following steps in the production of hydrous Ethanol: corn stover pretreatment with dilute acid and overliming; enzymatic hydrolysis; and fermentation. Electricity is also generated as by-product. This report was developed based essentially on the following reference(s): Aden, A., et al., "Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol Process Design and Economics Utilizing Co-Current Dilute Acid Prehydrolysis and Enzymatic Hydrolysis for Corn Stover", Report NREL/TP-510-32438, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2002 Keywords: Ethyl Alcohol, Bioethanol, Lignocellulosic Biomass, Hemicelluloses, Cellulose
Download or read book Techno economic Analysis for Production of Sugarcane Cellulosic Ethanol in Brazil written by Tiago De Assis and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
