Download or read book An Assessment of the Impact of Currrent Practice and Proposed Recycled Water Irrigation Practice on Farm and Catchment Scale Water and Salt Balances in the Coal River written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Assessment of the Impact of Current Practice and Proposed Recycled Water Irrigation Practice on Farm and Catchment Scale Water and Salt Balances in the Coal Valley written by and published by . This book was released on 2006* with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Reuse written by Chris Binnie and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-14 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Water Reuse: An International Survey of current practice, issues and needs examines water reuse practices around the world from different perspectives. The objective is to show how differently wastewater reuse is conceived and practised around the world as well as to present the varied needs and possibilities for reusing wastewater. In the first section water reuse practices around the world are described for regions having common water availability, reuse needs and social aspects. The second section refers to the “stakeholders” point of view. Each reuse purpose demands different water quality, not only to protect health and the environment but also to fulfil the requirements of the specific reuse. Reuses considered are agricultural, urban agriculture as a special case of the former, municipal and industrial. Alongside these uses, the indirect reuse for human consumption through aquifer recharge is also discussed. The third section deals with emerging and controversial topics. Ethical and economical dilemmas in the field are presented as a subject not frequently addressed in this field. The role of governments in respect of public policy in reuse is discussed as well as the different international criteria and standards for reusing wastewater. The importance of public acceptance and the way to properly handle it is also considered. The fourth section of the book presents contrasting case studies; typical situations in the developed world (Japan and Germany) are compared to those in developing countries (Pakistan and Brazil) for agricultural and industrial reuse. Indirect planned reuse for human consumption (Germany) is compared with an unplanned one (Mexico). The Windhoek, Namibia case study is presented to emphasize why if the direct reuse of wastewater for human consumption has been performed with success for more than 35 years it is still the only example of this type around the world. To illustrate the difficulties of having a common framework for regulating water reuse in several countries, the Mediterranean situation is described. Other case studies presented refer to the reuse situation in Israel, Spain, Cameroon, Nepal and Vietnam, these latter countries being located in water rich areas. This book will be an invaluable information source for all those concerned with water reuse including water utility managers, wastewater policy makers and water resources planners as well as researchers and students in environmental engineering, water resources planning and sanitary engineering. Scientific and Technical Report No. 20
Download or read book Application of Residuals Management for Assessing the Impacts of Alternative Coal development Plans on Regional Water Resources written by Ivan C. James and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Impact of Irrigation with Mine Affected Saline Sulphate Waters on Crop Performance Soil Properties and Groundwater Quality written by Zimone Danielle Ronquest and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The majority of mine-affected waters contain large quantities of calcium and magnesium sulphate, with some dominated by sodium sulphate or bicarbonate. The availability of large volumes of mine impacted waters and large tracts of unfarmed land owned by mines, creates an opportunity to utilise these waters for irrigation. Not only will this drastically reduce mine water treatment costs, it will create sustainable livelihoods and food production, particularly post-mine closure. The aims of this study were to monitor and model field scale water and salt balances for a small scale mine water irrigation scheme in Mpumalanga, in order to predict the long-term impact and sustainability of gypsiferous mine water irrigation, as well as determining the effect of sulphate salinity on crop response of various temperate annual cereal grain crops. A field trial was established at Mafube Colliery outside Middelburg (Mpumalanga, South Africa) during 2016-2018. White maize was irrigated for one of the two seasons on virgin, unmined land. Regular monitoring was carried out to collect atmospheric, crop and soil data for detailed validation of the soil water balance (SWB) model. For the first season, it has shown that crops (specifically maize) grow well with these mine impacted waters, with minimal environmental impacts in the short term and proved to be more profitable than dryland production. The grain produced is safe for human consumption, which makes this a feasible practice. Pot trials were carried out at the UP Experimental Farm where crops were grown in water culture at five levels of salinity with an EC range of 120 to 2000 mS m-1. A combination of a nutrient solution, gypsum (CaSO4.2H2O) and Epsom salts (MgSO4.7H2O) was used to make up each treatment. The effect of salinity on germination, seedling establishment and vegetative growth was investigated. Increasing sulphate salinity negatively affects germination, seedling and vegetative growth of annual temperate crops, especially when dominated by Mg. After exceeding the threshold for salt stress, a linear reduction in relative growth was found for both seedling establishment and vegetative growth, as well as a decline in germination percentage. In general, annual temperate cereal crops are more sensitive to sulphate salinity during the vegetative growth stage compared to the seedling stage at the same sulphate salinity concentrations. Irrigation with mine water is viable, sustainable and feasible, if the appropriate management practices are in place and if some environmental impact is acceptable. Crop and cultivar selection, climatic conditions, irrigation method, soil and water quality are but a few of the parameters that need to be considered when irrigating with saline sulphate waters. Another important aspect to look at it, is nutritional requirements and possible imbalances.
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Download or read book The Economics of Water written by Georg Meran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-04 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook provides a concise introduction to economic approaches and mathematical methods for the study of water allocation and distribution problems. Written in an accessible and straightforward style, it discusses and analyzes central issues in integrated water resource management, water tariffs, water markets, and transboundary water management. By illustrating the interplay between the hydrological cycle and the rules and institutions that govern today’s water allocation policies, the authors develop a modern perspective on water management. Moreover, the book presents an in-depth assessment of the political and ethical dimensions of water management and its institutional embeddedness, by discussing distribution issues and issues of the enforceability of human rights in managing water resources. Given its scope, the book will appeal to advanced undergraduate and graduate students of economics and engineering, as well as practitioners in the water sector, seeking a deeper understanding of economic approaches to the study of water management.
Download or read book Irrigated Agriculture written by California Environmental Protection Agency. Irrigated Agriculture Technical Advisory Committee and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Riparian Areas written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-10-10 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Clean Water Act (CWA) requires that wetlands be protected from degradation because of their important ecological functions including maintenance of high water quality and provision of fish and wildlife habitat. However, this protection generally does not encompass riparian areasâ€"the lands bordering rivers and lakesâ€"even though they often provide the same functions as wetlands. Growing recognition of the similarities in wetland and riparian area functioning and the differences in their legal protection led the NRC in 1999 to undertake a study of riparian areas, which has culminated in Riparian Areas: Functioning and Strategies for Management. The report is intended to heighten awareness of riparian areas commensurate with their ecological and societal values. The primary conclusion is that, because riparian areas perform a disproportionate number of biological and physical functions on a unit area basis, restoration of riparian functions along America's waterbodies should be a national goal.
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2015 water for a sustainable world written by Connor, Richard and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2015-03-23 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members as well as 37 Partners to publish the United Nations World Water Development Report (WWDR) series. Under the theme Water for Sustainable Development, the WWDR 2015 has been prepared as a contribution from UN-Water to the discussions surrounding the post-2015 framework for global sustainable development. Highlighting water's unique and often complex role in achieving various sustainable development objectives, the WWDR 2015 is addressed to policy- and decision-makers inside and outside the water community, as well as to anyone with an interest in freshwater and its many life-giving benefits. The report sets an aspirational yet achievable vision for the future of water towards 2050 by describing how water supports healthy and prosperous human communities, maintains well functioning ecosystems and ecological services, and provides a cornerstone for short and long-term economic development. It provides an overview of the challenges, issues and trends in terms of water resources, their use and water-related services like water supply and sanitation. The report also offers, in a rigorous yet accessible manner, guidance about how to address these challenges and to seize the opportunities that sound water management provides in order to achieve and maintain economic, social and environmental sustainability.
Download or read book Water Recycling in Australia written by John C. Radcliffe and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'This report addresses current trends, particularly since 1999, in the processing, use and methods of application of recycled water internationally and in the Australian States and Territories. It explores a range of water recycling policy issues which include the impact of recycled water on society; the need for the continued assurance of public and environmental health; current regulatory processes and their accessibility to public scrutiny in Australia; the impact and potential impact of the greater substitution of recycled effluent water, storm water and rainwater for drinking water throughout the community and the need for continued investment in innovative research and developmental projects. The report provides observations and recommendations from the issues explored.'
Download or read book Forest management and the impact on water resources written by García Chevesich, Pablo and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-24 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees have been around for more than 370 million years, and today there are about 80 thousand species of them, occupying 3.5 billion hectares worldwide, including 250 million ha of commercial plantations. While forests can provide tremendous environmental, social, and economic benefits to nations, they also affect the hydrologic cycle in different ways. As the demand for water grows and local precipitation patterns change due to global warming, plantation forestry has encountered an increasing number of water-related conflicts worldwide. This document provides a country-by-country summary of the current state of knowledge on the relationship between forest management and water resources. Based on available research publications, the Editor-in-Chief of this document contacted local scientists from countries where the impact of forest management on water resources is an issue, inviting them to submit a chapter.
Download or read book Good Agricultural Practices for Greenhouse Vegetable Crops written by and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2013 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication capitalizes on the experience of scientists from the North Africa and Near East countries, in collaboration with experts from around the world, specialized in the different aspects of greenhouse crop production. It provides a comprehensive description and assessment of the greenhouse production practices in use in Mediterranean climate areas that have helped diversify vegetable production and increase productivity. The publication is also meant to be used as a reference and tool for trainers and growers as well as other actors in the greenhouse vegetables value chain in this region.
Download or read book Guidelines for Water Reuse written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Water Subsidies written by U S Government Accountability Office (G and published by BiblioGov. This book was released on 2013-06 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to a congressional request, GAO reviewed the Bureau of Reclamation's Central Valley Project (CVP), focusing on: (1) the mandated higher irrigation rates' and other rate increases' impact on farmers' profits; (2) the financial benefits to the federal government of increasing irrigation rates; and (3) how farmers could mitigate the impacts of increased rates. GAO found that: (1) higher irrigation rates would on average reduce farm profits in one CVP sector by 11 percent to 34 percent and 4.3 percent to 6.9 percent in the other sector under various rate scenarios; (2) farms would remain profitable under any proposed rate increase; (3) the actual impacts of higher irrigation rates depend on farmers' individual circumstances; (4) farmers who lease land would eventually have their higher irrigation rates offset by lower rental expenses while landowners' equity and borrowing capacity would be reduced; (5) higher irrigation rates would not severely affect California's overall farm economy, since interest rates, the export market, and the value of the U.S. dollar have a greater impact on the farm economy than water rates; (6) if irrigation rates are increased beyond mandated requirements, the outstanding CVP debt would be retired more quickly and federal revenues would increase; (7) higher irrigation rates would induce farmers to change their farm management practices and reduce water use through adopting improved and more efficient technologies and changing the types of crops they grow; and (8) if interest is charged on already renewed contracts, irrigators could claim that the United States breached its contracts and seek damages.
Download or read book The United Nations World Water Development Report 2020 written by UNESCO and published by . This book was released on 2020-03-27 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of the WWDR, titled Water and Climate Change illustrates the critical linkages between water and climate change in the context of the broader sustainable development agenda. Supported by examples from across the world, it describes both the challenges and opportunities created by climate change, and provides potential responses – in terms of adaptation, mitigation and improved resilience – that can be undertaken by enhancing water resources management, attenuating water-related risks, and improving access to water supply and sanitation services for all in a sustainable manner. It addresses the interrelations between water, people, environment and economics in a changing climate, demonstrating how climate change can be a positive catalyst for improved water management, governance and financing to achieve a sustainable and prosperous world for all. The report provides a fact-based, water-focused contribution to the knowledge base on climate change. It is complementary to existing scientific assessments and designed to support international political frameworks, with the goals of helping the water community tackle the challenges of climate change, and informing the climate change community about the opportunities that improved water management offers in terms of adaptation and mitigation.
Download or read book The United Nations world water development report 2017 written by WWAP and published by UNESCO Publishing. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP) is hosted and led by UNESCO. WWAP brings together the work of 31 UN-Water Members and 38 Partners to publish The United Nations World Water Development Report, (WWDR) series. The annual World Water Development Reports focus on strategic water issues. UN-Water Members and Partners, all experts in their respective fields, contribute the latest findings on a specific theme. The 2017 edition of the World Water Development Report focuses on 'Wastewater' and seeks to inform decision-makers, inside and outside the water community, about the importance of managing wastewater as an undervalued and sustainable source of water, energy, nutrients and other recoverable by-products, rather than something to be disposed of or a nuisance to be ignored. The report's title - Wastewater: The Untapped Resource - reflects the critical role that wastewater is poised to play in the context of a circular economy, whereby economic development is balanced with the protection of natural resources and environmental sustainability, and where a cleaner and more sustainable economy has a positive effect on the water quality. Improved wastewater management is not only critical to achieving the Sustainable Development Goal on clean water and sanitation (SDG 6), but also to other goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
