Download or read book Emerging Approaches for Typing Detection Characterization and Traceback of Escherichia coli 2nd Edition written by Pina M. Fratamico and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-05-02 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains cause a large number of diseases in humans, including diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome, urinary tract infections, and neonatal meningitis, while in animals they cause diseases such as calf scours and mastitis in cattle, post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease in pigs, and peritonitis and airsacculitis in chickens. The different E. coli pathotypes are characterized by the presence of specific sets of virulence-related genes. Therefore, it is not surprising that pathogenic E. coli constitutes a genetically heterogeneous family of bacteria, and they are continuing to evolve. Rapid and accurate molecular methods are critically needed to detect and trace pathogenic E. coli in food and animals. They are also needed for epidemiological investigations to enhance food safety, as well as animal and human health and to minimize the size and geographical extent of outbreaks. The serotype of E. coli strains has traditionally been determined using antisera raised against the >180 different O- (somatic) and 53 H- (flagellar) antigens. However, there are many problems associated with serotyping, including: it is labor-intensive and time consuming; cross reactivity of the antisera with different serogroups occurs; antisera are available only in specialized laboratories; and many strains are non-typeable. Molecular serotyping targeting O-group-specific genes within the E. coli O-antigen gene clusters and genes that are involved in encoding for the different flagellar types offers an improved approach for determining the E. coliO- and H-groups. Furthermore, molecular serotyping can be coupled with determination of specific sets of virulence genes carried by the strain offering the possibility to determine O-group, pathotype, and the pathogenic potential simultaneously. Sequencing of the O-antigen gene clusters of all of the known O-groups of E. coli is now complete, and the sequences have been deposited in the GenBank database. The sequence information has revealed that some E. coli serogroups have identical sequences while others have point mutations or insertion sequences and type as different serogroups in serological reactions. There are also a number of other ambiguities in serotyping that need to be resolved. Furthermore, new E. coli O-groups are being identified. Therefore, there is an essential need to resolve these issues and to revise the E. coli serotype nomenclature based on these findings. There are emerging technologies that can potentially be applied for molecular serotyping and detection and characterization of E. coli. On a related topic, the genome sequence of thousands of E. coli strains have been deposited in GenBank, and this information is revealing unique markers such as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) and virulence gene markers that could be used to identify E. coli pathotypes. Whole genome sequencing now provides the opportunity to study the role of horizontal gene transfer in the evolution and emergence of pathogenic E. coli strains. Whole genome sequencing approaches are being investigated for genotyping and outbreak investigation for regulatory and public health needs; however, there is a need for establishing bioinformatics pipelines able to handle large amounts of data as we move toward the use of genetic approaches for non-culture-based detection and characterization of E. coli and for outbreak investigations.
Download or read book Essentials of Ideal Type Analysis written by Emily Stapley and published by Essentials of Qualitative Meth. This book was released on 2021-01-30 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brief, practical texts in the Essentials of Qualitative Methods series introduce social science and psychology researchers to key approaches to capturing phenomena not easily measured quantitatively, offering exciting, nimble opportunities to gather in-depth qualitative data. Essentials of Ideal-Type Analysis is the perfect guide for qualitative researchers who want to explore individual cases in depth, but also understand patterns across multiple study participants. Ideal-type analysis is a method for forming typologies from qualitative data. The authors contextualize the approach, describe each step required to conduct an ideal-type analysis, and provide guidance on writing up a study using this method. Filled with practical examples and tips, this book is a user-friendly introduction to a qualitative method that is not yet widely known. About the Essentials of Qualitative Methods book series: Even for experienced researchers, selecting and correctly applying the right method can be challenging. In this groundbreaking series, leading experts in qualitative methods provide clear, crisp, and comprehensive descriptions of their approach, including its methodological integrity, and its benefits and limitations. Each book includes numerous examples to enable readers to quickly and thoroughly grasp how to leverage these valuable methods.
Download or read book Approach written by and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The naval aviation safety review.
Download or read book Type Inheritance and Relational Theory written by C.J. Date and published by "O'Reilly Media, Inc.". This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 674 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Type inheritance is that phenomenon according to which we can say, for example, that every square is also a rectangle, and so properties that apply to rectangles in general apply to squares in particular. In other words, squares are a subtype of rectangles, and rectangles are a supertype of squares. Recognizing and acting upon such subtype / supertype relationships provides numerous benefits: Certainly it can help in data modeling, and it can also provide for code reuse in applications. For these reasons, many languages, including the standard database language SQL, have long supported such relationships. However, there doesn’t seem to be any consensus in the community at large on a formal, rigorous, and abstract model of inheritance. This book proposes such a model, one that enjoys several advantages over other approaches, not the least of which it is that it’s fully compatible with the well known relational model of data. Topics the model covers include: Both single and multiple inheritance Scalar, tuple, and relation inheritance Type lattices and union and intersection types Polymorphism and substitutability Compile time and run time binding All of these topics are described in detail in the book, with numerous illustrative examples, exercises, and answers. The book also discusses several alternative approaches. In particular, it includes a detailed discussion and analysis of inheritance as supported in the SQL standard.
Download or read book Temporal Type Theory written by Patrick Schultz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-01-29 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative monograph explores a new mathematical formalism in higher-order temporal logic for proving properties about the behavior of systems. Developed by the authors, the goal of this novel approach is to explain what occurs when multiple, distinct system components interact by using a category-theoretic description of behavior types based on sheaves. The authors demonstrate how to analyze the behaviors of elements in continuous and discrete dynamical systems so that each can be translated and compared to one another. Their temporal logic is also flexible enough that it can serve as a framework for other logics that work with similar models. The book begins with a discussion of behavior types, interval domains, and translation invariance, which serves as the groundwork for temporal type theory. From there, the authors lay out the logical preliminaries they need for their temporal modalities and explain the soundness of those logical semantics. These results are then applied to hybrid dynamical systems, differential equations, and labeled transition systems. A case study involving aircraft separation within the National Airspace System is provided to illustrate temporal type theory in action. Researchers in computer science, logic, and mathematics interested in topos-theoretic and category-theory-friendly approaches to system behavior will find this monograph to be an important resource. It can also serve as a supplemental text for a specialized graduate topics course.
Download or read book Proceedings of the ACM Twentieth Annual Southeast Regional Conference written by Association for Computing Machinery. Southeast Regional Conference and published by Pearson Education. This book was released on 1982 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Flight Information Manual written by and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Methods in Intelligent Algorithms written by Radek Silhavy and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-04 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the current trends in and applications of artificial intelligence research in intelligent systems. Including the proceedings of the Artificial Intelligence Methods in Intelligent Algorithms Section of the 8th Computer Science On-line Conference 2019 (CSOC 2019), held in April 2019, it features papers on neural networks algorithms, optimisation algorithms and real-world issues related to the application of artificial methods.
Download or read book Types and Programming Languages written by Benjamin C. Pierce and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-01-04 with total page 656 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive introduction to type systems and programming languages. A type system is a syntactic method for automatically checking the absence of certain erroneous behaviors by classifying program phrases according to the kinds of values they compute. The study of type systems—and of programming languages from a type-theoretic perspective—has important applications in software engineering, language design, high-performance compilers, and security. This text provides a comprehensive introduction both to type systems in computer science and to the basic theory of programming languages. The approach is pragmatic and operational; each new concept is motivated by programming examples and the more theoretical sections are driven by the needs of implementations. Each chapter is accompanied by numerous exercises and solutions, as well as a running implementation, available via the Web. Dependencies between chapters are explicitly identified, allowing readers to choose a variety of paths through the material. The core topics include the untyped lambda-calculus, simple type systems, type reconstruction, universal and existential polymorphism, subtyping, bounded quantification, recursive types, kinds, and type operators. Extended case studies develop a variety of approaches to modeling the features of object-oriented languages.
Download or read book An Invariant Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition written by Orlova, Elena and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The challenge to improve second language acquisition efficiency has always been at the heart of education because a good command of a language provides new opportunities to manipulate information and apply acquired knowledge and skills to novel problems in new situations. Thus, there is a necessity for creating an alternative to either task-based or form-focused methods commonly employed in todays instruction. An Invariant-Based Approach to Second Language Acquisition: Emerging Research and Opportunities is an essential reference source that elaborates on traditional 2L concepts and terms and provides new practical tools and mechanisms for developing student communicative competencies. Featuring research on topics such as syllabus design, language interpretation, and speech types, this book is ideally designed for educators, administrators, researchers, and academicians.
Download or read book Generative and Component Based Software Engineering written by Jan Bosch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The size, complexity, and integration level of software systems is increasing c- stantly. Companies in all domains identify that software de?nes the competitive edge of their products. These developments require us to constantly search for new approaches to increase the productivity and quality of our software - velopment and to decrease the cost of software maintenance. Generative and component-based technologies hold considerablepromise with respect to achi- ing these goals. GCSE 2001 constituted another important step forward and provided a platform for academic and industrial researchers to exchange ideas. These proceedings represent the third conference on generative and com- nent-based software engineering. The conference originated as a special track on generative programming from the Smalltalk and Java in Industry and - ucation Conference (STJA), organized by the working group “Generative and Component-Based Software Engineering” of the “Gesellschaft fur ̈ Informatik” FG 2.1.9 “Object-Oriented Software Engineering.” However, the conference has evolved substantially since then, with its own, independent stature, invited speakers, and, most importantly, a stable and growing community. This year’s conference attracted 43 submissions from all over the world, - dicating the broad, international interest in the research ?eld. Based on careful review by the program committee, 14 papers were selected for presentation. I would like to thank the members of the program committee, all renowned - perts, for their dedication in preparing thorough reviews of the submissions.
Download or read book Code of Federal Regulations written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 1128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Special edition of the Federal Register, containing a codification of documents of general applicability and future effect ... with ancillaries.
Download or read book Fuzzy Logic And Soft Computing written by Bernadette Bouchon-meunier and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1995-09-15 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soft computing is a new, emerging discipline rooted in a group of technologies that aim to exploit the tolerance for imprecision and uncertainty in achieving solutions to complex problems. The principal components of soft computing are fuzzy logic, neurocomputing, genetic algorithms and probabilistic reasoning.This volume is a collection of up-to-date articles giving a snapshot of the current state of the field. It covers the whole expanse, from theoretical foundations to applications. The contributors are among the world leaders in the field.
Download or read book Organizational Behavior Theory and Design in Health Care written by Nancy Borkowski and published by Jones & Bartlett Publishers. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 566 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the vast size and complexity of the U.S. health care system—the nation’s largest employer—health care managers face a myriad of unique challenges such as labor shortages, caring for the uninsured, cost control, and quality improvement. Organizational Behavior, Theory, and Design, Second Edition was written to provide health services administration students, managers, and other professionals with an in-depth analysis of the theories and concepts of organizational behavior and organization theory while embracing the uniqueness and complexity of the healthcare industry. Important Notice: The digital edition of this book is missing some of the images or content found in the physical edition.
Download or read book The School World written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Understanding by Design written by Grant P. Wiggins and published by ASCD. This book was released on 2005 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike.
Download or read book Science Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1911 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Devoted to the publication of the results of research by members of the University of Kansas.
