Download or read book The Syntax of Norwegian Passive Constructions written by Tor A. Åfarlí and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1992-11-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an analysis of the passive phenomenon in general and of Norwegian passive constructions in particular. Related topics such as English passive constructions and Norwegian ergative constructions are also examined. The analysis is carried out within a Government and Binding framework. Chapter 1 contains a very brief introduction to GB syntax and a description of the passive phenomenon and its manifestation in Norwegian. The “orthodox analysis” of the passive as proposed in Chomsky's Lectures on Government and Binding is contrasted with the “new analysis”, which claims that “the passive morpheme” is an argument of the verb. The book sets out to show that a version of this “new analysis” successfully explains the basic properties of Norwegian passives. Chapters 2 and 3 examine properties of Norwegian passives, notably properties related to Theta-role assignment and Case assignment. Chapter 4 compares the Norwegian with the English passive and proposes a unified analysis of the two. Chapter 5 discusses various cases of passivization failure in Norwegian , while Chapter 6 focuses on the scope of movement in passive and ergative constructions in Norwegian and proposes a syntactic level “beneath” D-structure.
Download or read book Passive Sentences in English and Portuguese written by Milton Mariano Azevedo and published by Georgetown University Press. This book was released on 1980 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes passive sentences in English and Portuguese which result from a post-semantic transformation applied when a nound, which does not play the semantic role of actor, is chosen as syntactic subject. Choice between a passive and its non-passive or active counterpart reflects differences in the distribution of information in the sentence as regards the relative importance of the latter's constituents for communication. Such distribution is analyzed in terms of Praque school theory, especially that involving the notions of communicative dynamism and the distribution of theme and rheme. The book concludes with a contrastive analysis of English and Portuguese passive sentence patterns which serves as the basis for observations on the teaching of Portuguese passives to native speakers of English.
Download or read book Deconstructing the English Passive written by Anja Wanner and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyzes the form and function of the English passive from a verb-based point of view. It takes the position that the various surface forms of the passive (with or without thematic subject, with or without object, with or without by-phrase, with or without auxiliary) have a common source and are determined by the interplay of the syntactic properties of the verb and general syntactic principles. Each structural element of the passive construction is examined separately, and the participle is considered the only defining component of the passive. Special emphasis is put on the existence of an implicit argument (ususally an agent) and its representation in the passive. A review of data from syntax, language acquisition, and psycholinguistics shows that the implicit agent is not just a conceptually understood argument. It is argued that it is represented at the level of argument structure and that this is what sets the passive apart from other patient-subject constructions. A corpus-based case study on the use of the passive in academic writing analyzes the use of the passive in this particular register. One of the findings is that about 20-25% of passives occur in constructions that do not require an auxiliary, a result that challenges corpus studies on the use of the passive that only consider full be-passives. It is also shown that new active-voice constructions have emerged that compete with the passive without having a more visible agent. The emergence of these constructions (such as "This paper argues...") is discussed in the context of changes in the rhetoric of scientific discourse. The book is mainly of interest to linguists and graduate students in the areas of English syntax, semantics, and pragmatics.
Download or read book The prepositional passive in English written by Elizabeth Couper-Kuhlen and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2011-05-02 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past few decades, the book series Linguistische Arbeiten [Linguistic Studies], comprising over 500 volumes, has made a significant contribution to the development of linguistic theory both in Germany and internationally. The series will continue to deliver new impulses for research and maintain the central insight of linguistics that progress can only be made in acquiring new knowledge about human languages both synchronically and diachronically by closely combining empirical and theoretical analyses. To this end, we invite submission of high-quality linguistic studies from all the central areas of general linguistics and the linguistics of individual languages which address topical questions, discuss new data and advance the development of linguistic theory.
Download or read book The Passive in Japanese written by Tomoko Ishizuka and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2012-09-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and analyzes the passive voice system in Japanese within the framework of generative grammar. By unifying different types of passives conventionally distinguished within the literature, the book advances a simple minimalist account where various passive characteristics emerge from the lexical properties of a single passive morpheme interacting with independently-supported syntactic principles and general properties of Japanese. The book both reevaluates numerous properties previously discussed within the literature and introduces interesting new data collected through experiments. This novel analysis also benefits from considering the important issue of interspeaker variability, in terms of grammaticality judgments and context requirements, and its implications for individual grammar. The book will be of interest not only to students and scholars working on passive constructions, but more generally to scholars working on generative grammar, experimental syntax, language acquisition, and sentence processing.
Download or read book Diachronic Change in the English Passive written by J. Toyota and published by Springer. This book was released on 2008-11-05 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this coherent historical development of the passive voice in English, the main argument deals not only with the passive per se, but also with its related constructions, which can play vital parts in identifying both functional and structural motivations for creating the passive.
Download or read book The Rudiments of English Grammar and Analysis written by Ernest Adams and published by . This book was released on 1871 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Phrasal Constructions and Resultativeness in English written by Marina Gorlach and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eat up the apple or Eat the apple up? Is there any difference in the messages each of these alternative forms sends? If there isn't, why bother to keep both? On the other hand, is there any semantic similarity between eat the apple up and break the glass to pieces? This study takes a fresh look at a still controversial issue of phrasal verbs and their alternate word order applying sign-oriented theory and methodology. Unlike other analyses, it asserts that there is a semantic distinction between the two word order variants phrasal verbs may appear in. In order to test this distinction, the author analyzes a large corpus of data and also uses translation into a language having a clear morphological distinction between resultative/non-resultative forms (Russian). As follows from the analysis, English has morphological and syntactic tools to express resultative meaning, which allows suggesting a new lexico-grammatical category resultativeness.
Download or read book The Early English Impersonal Construction written by Ruth Möhlig-Falke and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-06-06 with total page 565 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Early English Impersonal Construction aims to demonstrate that an understanding of the functional and semantic aspects of impersonal verbs in Old and Middle English can shed light on questions that remain about these verbs today.
Download or read book The Passive written by ANNA SIEWIERSKA and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-05-01 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1984, The Passive surveys a wide range of different constructions, which have all been termed ‘passives’ by linguists, using data from a large number of genetically and typologically diverse languages. Chapter 1 raises questions about the nature of passives and exposes some of the difficulties inherent in the traditional assumptions. Chapter 2 examines the ‘personal passive’ and includes a discussion on the relationship between the passive and transitivity. Chapter 3 to 5 deal with impersonal, periphrastic and reflexive passives, exploring the varied problems raised by each construction and focusing particularly on English and Southeast Asian languages. The two final chapters look at various attempts to explain exceptions to the passive in both semantic and syntactic terms, with an additional section on pragmatics. This book will appeal to all of those involved in the field of comparative linguistics.
Download or read book Assessing the Performance of Passive Houses in Mediterranean Climate Regions written by Vincenzo Costanzo and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-05-15 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book results from a Special Issue related to the latest progress in the thermodynamics of machines systems and processes since the premonitory work of Carnot. Carnot invented his famous cycle and generalized the efficiency concept for thermo-mechanical engines. Since that time, research progressed from the equilibrium approach to the irreversible situation that represents the general case. This book illustrates the present state-of-the-art advances after one or two centuries of consideration regarding applications and fundamental aspects. The research is moving fast in the direction of economic and environmental aspects. This will probably continue during the coming years. This book mainly highlights the recent focus on the maximum power of engines, as well as the corresponding first law efficiency upper bounds.
Download or read book Verb Phrase Syntax A Parametric Study of English and Spanish written by Karen Zagona and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study is concerned with the structure of verb phrases in English and Spanish, and with syntactic processes involving VP and Vo. A primary focus of attention is auxiliary verbs. It is argued that the structure dominating these verbs is essentially the same in English and Spanish, as is the structure dominating auxiliaries and 'main' verbs in each language. It must be concluded that the occurrence of distinct syntactic processes affecting auxiliaries and other VP constituents in the two languages does not follow from parametrization of phrase structure. It is argued that similarities between the two languages with respect to the composition of so-called "V*" constructions derive from the fact that VP is licensed under both clauses of the Principle of Full Interpretation, i. e. , predication and sub categorization. Distinct syntactic processes in English and Spanish are argued to follow from the fact that there are inflectional features related to each of these licensing conditions (including specification for [ ± PAST) and nominal person/number features) which affect government relations in distinct ways, resulting in parametrization of S-structure representa tions. xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express my appreCiatIOn to the Department of Romance Languages at the University of Washington for support for preparation of the final manuscript, and to the Department of Spanish, Italian and Portuguese at the University of Virginia for a leave during which much of this research was accomplished.
Download or read book Grammatical Analyses in Basque and Romance Linguistics written by Jon Franco and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains fifteen articles on current theoretical issues in Basque and Romance linguistics. Even though Basque and Romance languages are typologically different and have different genetic origins, one thousand years of coexistence have shown certain parallelisms in their respective grammars. It is Mario Saltarelli that first offered a formal linguistic account of phonological and syntactic phenomena that occur in these two language groups. Thus, this compilation of articles in both Basque and Romance linguistics not only pays tribute to Saltarelli s work by acknowledging his formalization of this relational insight, but also comprises state of the art research on languages with strong geographical and historical kinship.Fifteen reviewed articles written by sixteen top scholars in the field provide fresh analyses of long standing challenging phenomena in Romance and Basque linguistics such as geminates, the evolution of Basque plosives, clitic doubling, clitic clustering, directionality of clitization, the role of agreement, focus, the interaction of voice and aspect, unaccusativity, semantic interpretation and syntactic structure of Determiner Phrases, obviation, control, and anaphoric and pronominal binding. This variety of topics however is unified by limiting the contributions to the four major formal areas of linguistics, and to one single framework, Generative Grammar, although in some of its many incarnations such as Minimalism, Optimality Theory, and Relational Grammar. All this, along with the number of languages covered by the authors (Aragonese, Basque, Catalan, French, Galician, Gascon, Italian and many of its dialects (Ligurian, Piedmontese, Tuscan...), Classical and Late Latin, Occitan, Brazilian and European Portuguese, Romanian, Old and Modern Spanish among others), makes the book of great value to any linguist working in Romance or Basque linguistics.
Download or read book Second Language Learners written by Stephen Cary and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this guide devoted to second language learners, the author evaluates common program and instructional models, outlines the basic ideas of how language is best acquired, and provides a range of strategies, techniques, and activities designed for building language and ensuring academic success for these students. Kindergarten-grade 6.
Download or read book Modern Languages written by San Francisco (Calif.). Public Schools and published by . This book was released on 1927 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book English Grammar Including the Principles of Grammatical Analysis written by Charles Peter Mason and published by A. Miller. This book was released on 1878 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Applying English Grammar written by Caroline Coffin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-03 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection is about the application of English grammar and specialises in 'functional' and'corpus' approaches, approaches which are increasingly recognised as providing significant insights into English language in action. It aims to stimulate interest and understanding of grammar as an applied tool not just for grammarians or language learners, but for all those interested in how language is organized to shape our view of events in the world. As the chapters in this book show, functional and corpus approaches allow us to make observations that would not be amenable through more traditional forms of grammatical analysis. They also illustrate how researchers can fruitfully bring together corpus and functional approaches to reveal how grammar and lexis create and transmit values, identities and ideologies. Research in Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) has a long tradition of drawing on functional grammar but has only relatively recently begun to draw on corpus linguistics. As such, the book is unusual in presenting work on CDA which draws on corpus linguistics. But not only that, it is also unique in presenting work in CDA which brings together the methodologies of corpus linguistics and functional grammar, demonstrating their combined potential for illuminating ideological perspectives, particularly in media texts. Given this focus and given the increasing value of empirical data, the book will be of interest to those in a range of disciplines including the humanities and media and cultural studies. Chapters comprise both newly commissioned and previously published works that illustrate the two methodological approaches to grammatical analysis and how they can be applied to deepen our understanding of language.
