Download or read book Analysis of Results of a High resolution World Ocean Circulation Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Analysis of Results of a High Resolution World Ocean Circulation Model written by Wesley A. Barton and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of a highly vectorized and multitasked model of the world ocean circulation were analyzed. This model which uses realistic physics, geometry, and forcing on a high-resolution grid, was run on the NCAR Cray X-MP/48 using a robust-diagnostic strategy. Twenty years of model integration using one-half degree horizontal resolution and 20 levels of vertical resolution were accomplished after 200 wall-clock hours at a maximum FORTRAN performance speed of 450 megaflops. Seven key regions of the world ocean were analyzed using an ocean model processor. A representation of the global ocean circulation emerged that compared well with observations and that included strong advective features, fronts, and subtropical meanders. A diagnostic analysis program was developed to analyze meridional heat and volume transports. The results in all basins appear to be reasonable when compared to the results of other studies. For example, an anomalous northward heat transport of 3.8 x 10 to the 14th power W at 30 deg in the South Atlantic compares favorably with the estimate of 4.2 x 10 to the 14th power W at 32 deg S by Bennett (1978) using hydrographic data. The results of simulations conducted in this study can be compared and contrasted against the results of future eddy-resolving simulations. Keywords: Digital simulation, Advection, Heat transport, Meridional volume transport, Oceanographic fronts, Meanders, Thermoclines, Finite difference analysis. Theses. (EDC).

Download or read book An Analysis of Results of a High Resolution World Ocean Circulation Model written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Results of a highly vectorized and multitasked model of the world ocean circulation were analyzed. This model which uses realistic physics, geometry, and forcing on a high-resolution grid, was run on the NCAR Cray X-MP/48 using a robust-diagnostic strategy. Twenty years of model integration using one-half degree horizontal resolution and 20 levels of vertical resolution were accomplished after 200 wall-clock hours at a maximum FORTRAN performance speed of 450 megaflops. Seven key regions of the world ocean were analyzed using an ocean model processor. A representation of the global ocean circulation emerged that compared well with observations and that included strong advective features, fronts, and subtropical meanders. A diagnostic analysis program was developed to analyze meridional heat and volume transports. The results in all basins appear to be reasonable when compared to the results of other studies. For example, an anomalous northward heat transport of 3.8 x 10 to the 14th power W at 30 deg in the South Atlantic compares favorably with the estimate of 4.2 x 10 to the 14th power W at 32 deg S by Bennett (1978) using hydrographic data. The results of simulations conducted in this study can be compared and contrasted against the results of future eddy-resolving simulations. Keywords: Digital simulation, Advection, Heat transport, Meridional volume transport, Oceanographic fronts, Meanders, Thermoclines, Finite difference analysis. Theses. (EDC).

Download or read book Oceanic Circulation Models Combining Data and Dynamics written by D.L.T. Anderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 616 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book which is the outcome of a NATO-Advanced Study Institute on Mod elling the Ocean Circulation and Geochemical Tracer Transport is concerned with using models to infer the ocean circulation. Understanding our climate is one of the major problems of the late twentieth century. The possible climatic changes resulting from the rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide and other trace gases are of primary interest and the ocean pla. ys a ma. jor role in determining the magnitude, temporal evolution and regional distribution of those changes. Because of the poor observational basis the ocean general circulation is not well understood. The World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) which is now underway is an attempt to improve our knowledge of ocean dynamics and thermodynamics on global scales relevant to climate change. Despite those efforts, the oceanic data base is likely to remain scarce and it is crucial to use appropriate methods in order to extract the maximum amount of information from observations. The book contains a thorough analysis of methods to combine data of val'ious types with dynamical concepts, and to assimilate data directly into ocean models. The properties of geocl;temical tracers such as HC, He, Tritium and Freons and how they may be used to impose integral constraints on the ocean circulation are discussed.

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Carl Wunsch and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Ocean Circulation Experiment drove the development of estimates of the decadal scale time evolving general circulation that are dynamically and kinematically consistent. A long timescale, and a goal of estimation rather than prediction, preclude the use of meteorological methods called “data assimilation (DA).” Instead, “state estimation” methods are reviewed here and distinguished from DA. Results from the dynamically consistent family of solutions from the project Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean based upon least-squares Lagrange multipliers (adjoints) are used to discuss the determination of the dominant elements of the circulation in the period since 1992—which marked the beginning of the satellite altimetric record. Significant changes documented in the Arctic in recent decades now mandate consideration of the coupled ocean-cryospheric state.

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Gerold Siedler and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2001-04-11 with total page 826 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the views of leading scientists on the knowledge of the global ocean circulation following the completion of the observational phase of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment. WOCE's in situ physical and chemical measurements together with satellite altimetry have produced a data set which provides for development of ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere circulation models used for understanding ocean and climate variability and projecting climate change. This book guides the reader through the analysis, interpretation, modelling and synthesis of this data.

Download or read book Numerical Modeling of Ocean Circulation written by Robert N. Miller and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-18 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The modelling of ocean circulation is important not only for its own sake, but also in terms of the prediction of weather patterns and the effects of climate change. This 2007 book introduces the basic computational techniques necessary for all models of the ocean and atmosphere, and the conditions they must satisfy. It describes the workings of ocean models, the problems that must be solved in their construction, and how to evaluate computational results. Major emphasis is placed on examining ocean models critically, and determining what they do well and what they do poorly. Numerical analysis is introduced as needed, and exercises are included to illustrate major points. Developed from notes for a course taught in physical oceanography at the College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences at Oregon State University, this book is ideal for graduate students of oceanography, geophysics, climatology and atmospheric science, and researchers in oceanography and atmospheric science.

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Lee-Lueng Fu and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The past decade has seen tremendous progress in the application of ocean remote sensing to the study of the global ocean circulation. This chapter provides a summary of the resultant advances in our understanding of the key processes of the ocean that affect climate variability. Many of the advances result from the combined usage of remote sensing from multiple types of measurement and in situ observations. Remotely sensed ocean variables include sea surface height, wind, temperature, salinity and color, as well as the variable mass of the ocean and ice from spaceborne measurement of the earth’s gravity field. These observations have often been analyzed with various in situ observations, including moored buoys, hydrographic profiles, surface drifters, and Argo floats. The general circulation of the ocean as manifested by the ocean surface dynamic topography from satellite altimetry, and the geoid from satellite gravity measurements, can now be determined at scales approaching 100km. The information from surface drifters and Argo floats has added more details through the upper ocean depths. The large-scale changes of the ocean on decadal scales reveal complex geographic patterns in relation to the changes in the atmospheric forcing. The causes for the slow rise of the global mean sea level are diagnosed in terms of the steric and mass change of the ocean. The bottom pressure inferred from ocean mass change measured from space provides direct observation of the barotropic variability of the ocean. The detailed information of ocean surface wind measured from scatterometry and temperature from infrared and microwave radiometry reveals a positive correlation between the two, leading to new understanding of air–sea interactions at scales below 1000km. Data combined from multiple satellite altimeters through optimally designed processing have revolutionized the study of the global ocean mesoscale processes, revealing new information on the spectral transfer of energy and on global eddy propagation characteristics, which vary in relation to the mean circulation, bottom topography, and the nonlinearity of eddy dynamics. The gridded fields of remote sensing data have made satellite observations routinely accessible to general users for scientific and operational applications. The outlook for future development in ocean remote sensing is also discussed.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Stephen M. Griffies and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter focuses on numerical models used to understand and predict large-scale circulation, such as the circulation comprising basin and global scales. It is organized according to two themes. The first addresses physical and numerical topics forming a foundation for ocean models. We focus here on the science of ocean models, in which we ask questions about fundamental processes and develop the mathematical equations for ocean thermo-hydrodynamics. We also touch upon various methods used to represent the continuum ocean fluid with a discrete computer model, raising such topics as the finite volume formulation of the ocean equations; the choice for vertical coordinate; the complementary issues related to horizontal gridding; and the pervasive questions of subgrid scale parameterizations. The second theme of this chapter concerns the applications of ocean models, in particular how to design an experiment and how to analyze results. This material forms the basis for ocean modelling, with the aim being to mechanistically describe, interpret, understand, and predict emergent features of the simulated, and ultimately the observed, ocean.

Download or read book Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography written by Richard E. Thomson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2001-04-03 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography is a practical referenceguide to established and modern data analysis techniques in earth and oceansciences. This second and revised edition is even more comprehensive with numerous updates, and an additional appendix on 'Convolution and Fourier transforms'. Intended for both students and established scientists, the fivemajor chapters of the book cover data acquisition and recording, dataprocessing and presentation, statistical methods and error handling,analysis of spatial data fields, and time series analysis methods. Chapter 5on time series analysis is a book in itself, spanning a wide diversity oftopics from stochastic processes and stationarity, coherence functions,Fourier analysis, tidal harmonic analysis, spectral and cross-spectralanalysis, wavelet and other related methods for processing nonstationarydata series, digital filters, and fractals. The seven appendices includeunit conversions, approximation methods and nondimensional numbers used ingeophysical fluid dynamics, presentations on convolution, statisticalterminology, and distribution functions, and a number of importantstatistical tables. Twenty pages are devoted to references. Featuring:• An in-depth presentation of modern techniques for the analysis of temporal and spatial data sets collected in oceanography, geophysics, and other disciplines in earth and ocean sciences.• A detailed overview of oceanographic instrumentation and sensors - old and new - used to collect oceanographic data.• 7 appendices especially applicable to earth and ocean sciences ranging from conversion of units, through statistical tables, to terminology and non-dimensional parameters. In praise of the first edition: "(...)This is a very practical guide to the various statistical analysis methods used for obtaining information from geophysical data, with particular reference to oceanography(...)The book provides both a text for advanced students of the geophysical sciences and a useful reference volume for researchers." Aslib Book Guide Vol 63, No. 9, 1998 "(...)This is an excellent book that I recommend highly and will definitely use for my own research and teaching." EOS Transactions, D.A. Jay, 1999 "(...)In summary, this book is the most comprehensive and practical source of information on data analysis methods available to the physical oceanographer. The reader gets the benefit of extremely broad coverage and an excellent set of examples drawn from geographical observations." Oceanography, Vol. 12, No. 3, A. Plueddemann, 1999 "(...)Data Analysis Methods in Physical Oceanography is highly recommended for a wide range of readers, from the relative novice to the experienced researcher. It would be appropriate for academic and special libraries." E-Streams, Vol. 2, No. 8, P. Mofjelf, August 1999

Download or read book River Runoff Into the Arctic Ocean written by Robert C. Newton and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 628 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Modelling Ocean Climate Variability written by Artem S. Sarkisyan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-05-13 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this wide-ranging and comprehensive review of the historical development and current status of ocean circulation models, the analysis extends from simple analytical approaches to the latest high-resolution numerical models with data assimilation. The authors, both of whom are pioneer scientists in ocean and shelf sea modelling, look back at the evolution of Western and Eastern modelling methodologies during the second half of the last century. They also present the very latest information on ocean climate modelling and offer examples for a number of oceans and shelf seas. The book includes a critical analysis of literature on ocean climate variability modelling, as well as assessing the strengths and weaknesses of the best-known modelling techniques. It also anticipates future developments in the field, focusing on models based on a synthesis of numerical simulation and field observation, and on nonlinear thermodynamic model data synthesis.

Download or read book Ocean Circulation and Climate written by Paul J. Durack and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Long-term global ocean salinity variation provides an insight into water cycle change. This connection reflects changes to the evaporation and precipitation (E–P) fields along with terrestrial runoff, which comprises the global water cycle and sets the spatial pattern of salinity on the ocean surface. The dynamic nature of the global ocean ensures that along with E–P, temperature and circulation changes also play a role in driving patterns of salinity change. This chapter provides an introduction to the global water cycle, briefly outlines the history of ocean salinity observation, and introduces results that relate resolved salinity change to water cycle change. Because of sparse observational coverage, the use of climate models are necessary to investigate these relationships. Long-term changes to global ocean salinity suggest that an unambiguous and coherent water cycle change has occurred over the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Climate model simulations project that such changes will intensify in the twenty-first century in response to continued greenhouse gas emissions.

Download or read book A Guide to NASA s Earth Science Enterprise and the Earth Observing System NP 1999 08 134 GSFC 1999 EOS Reference Handbook written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Climate Change 2013 The Physical Science Basis written by Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 1554 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) will again form the standard scientific reference for all those concerned with climate change and its consequences, including students and researchers in environmental science, meteorology, climatology, biology, ecology and atmospheric chemistry. It provides invaluable material for decision makers and stakeholders at international, national and local level, in government, businesses, and NGOs. This volume provides: • An authoritative and unbiased overview of the physical science basis of climate change • A more extensive assessment of changes observed throughout the climate system than ever before • New dedicated chapters on sea-level change, biogeochemical cycles, clouds and aerosols, and regional climate phenomena • Extensive coverage of model projections, both near-term and long-term climate projections • A detailed assessment of climate change observations, modelling, and attribution for every continent • A new comprehensive atlas of global and regional climate projections for 35 regions of the world

Download or read book South African Journal of Antarctic Research written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: