Download or read book Anaphora Resolution written by Massimo Poesio and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-08-04 with total page 509 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book lays out a path leading from the linguistic and cognitive basics, to classical rule-based and machine learning algorithms, to today’s state-of-the-art approaches, which use advanced empirically grounded techniques, automatic knowledge acquisition, and refined linguistic modeling to make a real difference in real-world applications. Anaphora and coreference resolution both refer to the process of linking textual phrases (and, consequently, the information attached to them) within as well as across sentence boundaries, and to the same discourse referent. The book offers an overview of recent research advances, focusing on practical, operational approaches and their applications. In part I (Background), it provides a general introduction, which succinctly summarizes the linguistic, cognitive, and computational foundations of anaphora processing and the key classical rule- and machine-learning-based anaphora resolution algorithms. Acknowledging the central importance of shared resources, part II (Resources) covers annotated corpora, formal evaluation, preprocessing technology, and off-the-shelf anaphora resolution systems. Part III (Algorithms) provides a thorough description of state-of-the-art anaphora resolution algorithms, covering enhanced machine learning methods as well as techniques for accomplishing important subtasks such as mention detection and acquisition of relevant knowledge. Part IV (Applications) deals with a selection of important anaphora and coreference resolution applications, discussing particular scenarios in diverse domains and distilling a best-practice model for systematically approaching new application cases. In the concluding part V (Outlook), based on a survey conducted among the contributing authors, the prospects of the research field of anaphora processing are discussed, and promising new areas of interdisciplinary cooperation and emerging application scenarios are identified. Given the book’s design, it can be used both as an accompanying text for advanced lectures in computational linguistics, natural language engineering, and computer science, and as a reference work for research and independent study. It addresses an audience that includes academic researchers, university lecturers, postgraduate students, advanced undergraduate students, industrial researchers, and software engineers.

Download or read book Corpus Linguistics and Linguistically Annotated Corpora written by Sandra Kuebler and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-12-18 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Linguistically annotated corpora are becoming a central part of the corpus linguistics field. One of their main strengths is the level of searchability they offer, but with the annotation come problems of the initial complexity of queries and query tools. This book gives a full, pedagogic account of this burgeoning field. Beginning with an overview of corpus linguistics, its prerequisites and goals, the book then introduces linguistically annotated corpora. It explores the different levels of linguistic annotation, including morphological, parts of speech, syntactic, semantic and discourse-level, as well as advantages and challenges for such annotations. It covers the main annotated corpora for English, the Penn Treebank, the International Corpus of English, and OntoNotes, as well as a wide range of corpora for other languages. In its third part, search strategies required for different types of data are explored. All chapters are accompanied by exercises and by sections on further reading.

Download or read book Gnome a geddon written by K. A. Holt and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2017-05-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Buck discovers that the world in his favorite novels is real, and he must intervene in a war between gnomes and trolls"--

Download or read book How Our Grandfathers Lived Selected and Annotated written by Albert Bushnell Hart and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reference written by Jeanette K. Gundel and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is concerned with central themes in research on reference within the cognitive sciences. The articles, written by leading scholars in linguistics, computational linguistics, philosophy, and cognitive psychology, examine reference from a number of disciplinary and interdisciplinary perspectives, informed by different research traditions and employing different methodologies.

Download or read book Statistical Methods for Annotation Analysis written by Silviu Paun and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Labelling data is one of the most fundamental activities in science, and has underpinned practice, particularly in medicine, for decades, as well as research in corpus linguistics since at least the development of the Brown corpus. With the shift towards Machine Learning in Artificial Intelligence (AI), the creation of datasets to be used for training and evaluating AI systems, also known in AI as corpora, has become a central activity in the field as well. Early AI datasets were created on an ad-hoc basis to tackle specific problems. As larger and more reusable datasets were created, requiring greater investment, the need for a more systematic approach to dataset creation arose to ensure increased quality. A range of statistical methods were adopted, often but not exclusively from the medical sciences, to ensure that the labels used were not subjective, or to choose among different labels provided by the coders. A wide variety of such methods is now in regular use. This book is meant to provide a survey of the most widely used among these statistical methods supporting annotation practice. As far as the authors know, this is the first book attempting to cover the two families of methods in wider use. The first family of methods is concerned with the development of labelling schemes and, in particular, ensuring that such schemes are such that sufficient agreement can be observed among the coders. The second family includes methods developed to analyze the output of coders once the scheme has been agreed upon, particularly although not exclusively to identify the most likely label for an item among those provided by the coders. The focus of this book is primarily on Natural Language Processing, the area of AI devoted to the development of models of language interpretation and production, but many if not most of the methods discussed here are also applicable to other areas of AI, or indeed, to other areas of Data Science.

Download or read book A Selected Annotated Bibliography of the Civil Industrial and Scientific Uses for Nuclear Explosives written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This supplement to TID-3522 (8th Rev.) contains 265 annotated references to reports and published literature on the USAEC's Plowshare Program. The references are arranged by subject category. Report Number and Availability, Film and Tape, Author, and Experiment Indexes are included.

Download or read book Oriental historical Manuscripts in the Tamil Language translated with Annotations written by William Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1835 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Context Dependence in Language Action and Cognition written by Tadeusz Ciecierski and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2021-01-18 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The phenomenon of context dependence is so multifaceted that it is tempting to classify it as hetergenous. It is especially evident in the case of the difference between context dependence as understood in the philosophy of language and context dependence as understood in the philosophy of mind. One of the aims of the present volume is to show that as varied as the phenomenon of context dependence is, the similarities between its different manifestations are profound and undeniable. More importantly, as evidenced in a number of papers presented on the subsequent pages of this volume, a broad perspective on the phenomenon of context dependence helps us to re-apply theories devised for one of the subfields of philosophy to the other subfields. Since the connections and analogies between many uses of contextualism may not be initially obvious, keeping an open perspective and the willingness to learn from the work of others may sometimes be crucial for finding new, satisfactory solutions.

Download or read book The People s Web Meets NLP written by Iryna Gurevych and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-03 with total page 394 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Collaboratively Constructed Language Resources (CCLRs) such as Wikipedia, Wiktionary, Linked Open Data, and various resources developed using crowdsourcing techniques such as Games with a Purpose and Mechanical Turk have substantially contributed to the research in natural language processing (NLP). Various NLP tasks utilize such resources to substitute for or supplement conventional lexical semantic resources and linguistically annotated corpora. These resources also provide an extensive body of texts from which valuable knowledge is mined. There are an increasing number of community efforts to link and maintain multiple linguistic resources. This book aims offers comprehensive coverage of CCLR-related topics, including their construction, utilization in NLP tasks, and interlinkage and management. Various Bachelor/Master/Ph.D. programs in natural language processing, computational linguistics, and knowledge discovery can use this book both as the main text and as a supplementary reading. The book also provides a valuable reference guide for researchers and professionals for the above topics.

Download or read book The Meaning of Space in Sign Language written by Gemma Barberà Altimira and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2015-07-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together sign language linguistics and the semantics-pragmatics interface, this book focuses on the use of signing space in Catalan Sign Language (LSC). On the basis of small-scale corpus data, it provides an exhaustive description of referential devices dependent on space. The book provides insight into the study of meaning in the visual-spatial modality and into our understanding of the discourse behavior of spatial locations.

Download or read book Additional Annotations on the New Testament Being a Supplemental Volume to the Greek Testament written by Samuel Thomas Bloomfield and published by . This book was released on 1850 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coleridge Notebooks V3 Notes written by Kathleen Coburn and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-09-25 with total page 997 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 2002. Volume 3 of the Notes on the Notebooks of Samuel Taylor Coleridge, spanning from 1804 to 1819. The volume is in two parts, text and notes. During his adult life until his death in 1834, Coleridge made entries in more than sixty notebooks. Neither commonplace books nor diaries, but something of both, they contain notes on literary, theological, philosophical, scientific, social and psychological matters, plans for and fragments of works and many other items of great interest. Shortly after World War II, Kathleen Coburn, formerly of Victoria College in Toronto, rediscovered this great collection of unpublished manuscripts. With the support of the Coleridge estate, she embarked on a career of editing and publishing these volumes and was awarded with many honours for her work, including: a Leverhulme Award (1948), a Guggenheim Fellowship (1953), a Fellowship in the Royal Society of Canada (1958), the Order of Canada (1974) and an honorary doctorate from her own university. Originally projected as a five volume set (each volume consisting of a book of text and a book of notes).

Download or read book The Dynamics of Language Use written by Christopher Butler and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together a collection of articles characterized by two main themes: the contrastive study of parallel phenomena in two or more languages, and an essentially functional approach in which language is regarded, first and foremost, as a rich and complex communication system, inextricably embedded in sociocultural and psychological contexts of use. The majority of the studies reported are empirical in nature, many making use of corpora or other textual materials in the language(s) under investigation. The book begins with an introductory section in which the editors provide surveys of the state of the art in both functional and contrastive linguistics. The other five sections of the volume are devoted to (i) a cognitive perspective on form and function, (ii) information structure, (iii) collocations and formulaic language, (iv) language learning, and (v) discourse and culture.

Download or read book Handbook of Linguistic Annotation written by Nancy Ide and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-16 with total page 1440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook offers a thorough treatment of the science of linguistic annotation. Leaders in the field guide the reader through the process of modeling, creating an annotation language, building a corpus and evaluating it for correctness. Essential reading for both computer scientists and linguistic researchers.Linguistic annotation is an increasingly important activity in the field of computational linguistics because of its critical role in the development of language models for natural language processing applications. Part one of this book covers all phases of the linguistic annotation process, from annotation scheme design and choice of representation format through both the manual and automatic annotation process, evaluation, and iterative improvement of annotation accuracy. The second part of the book includes case studies of annotation projects across the spectrum of linguistic annotation types, including morpho-syntactic tagging, syntactic analyses, a range of semantic analyses (semantic roles, named entities, sentiment and opinion), time and event and spatial analyses, and discourse level analyses including discourse structure, co-reference, etc. Each case study addresses the various phases and processes discussed in the chapters of part one.

Download or read book Something that I read in a book W B Yeats s Annotations at the National Library of Ireland written by Wayne K. Chapman and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2022-02-12 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a resource to enable scholars and students in Yeats studies to explore the materials in his library, which, together with his unpublished papers and manuscripts, forms part of the writer’s archive in the National Library. Generally, this first volume describes the evidence that he and his wife, George, left in books by other authors, including extensive indications of close reading and thinking on a surprising range of subjects. This book could not have been written without the generous participation of the Yeats family over many years. Their legacy, now entrusted to the National Library, is robust and endless in potential. This book is about individual cases but also the building of an oeuvre. In short, this book enriches our understanding of Yeats’s accomplishment as a writer in over fifty years of creative effort and nearly seventy-four years of abundant life.

Download or read book Annotated C Standard written by Jon Jagger and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2010-07-27 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Standards, while being definitive, do not usually serve as the best reference to the use of a programming language. Books on languages usually are able to explain usage better, but lack the definitive precision of a standard. Annotated C# Standard combines the two; it is the standard with added explanatory material. Written by members of the standards committee Annotates the standard with practical implementation advice The definitive reference to the C# International Standard