Download or read book Quaternary Ammonium Salts written by R. Alan Jones and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-11-14 with total page 591 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides experimental methods for a wide range of organic reactions, systematically arranged according to reaction type, and describes the advantages and limitations of the procedures. Traditional methods to speed up organic reactions involve energy-consuming processes and costly and environmentally "unfriendly" solvents. Additionally, isolation of the product requires energy and time-consuming purification processes. A simple solution, especially for reactions involving anionic reactants, is the use of phase-transfer catalysis. Quaternary ammonium cations have the ability to transfer the anionic reactants as non-solvated ion-pairs from aqueous media into organic media. The resultant effect is to increase the rate of the organic reaction by enhancing the reactivity of the anionic species and increasing the encounter rate with the organic substrate. Side reactions are frequently eliminated so that the overall yield of the desired product is increased.Quaternary Ammonium Salts presents procedures for reducing reaction times and the need for extreme conditions, which are frequently encountered under standard reaction procedures.This is the only book to be published on quaternary ammonium salts. Best Synthetic Methods volumes allow the practicing synthetic chemist to choose between all the alternatives and assess their real advantages and limitations. Each volume of the series deals with a particular topic from a practical point of view, giving detailed examples and precise experimental directions and hints. With the emphasis on laboratory use, these volumes represent a comprehensive and practical guide to modern synthetic organic chemistry.
Download or read book Polymeric Amines and Ammonium Salts written by Eric J. Goethals and published by Pergamon. This book was released on 1980 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Valence of Nitrogen in Ammonium Salts written by Ralph Sydney Potter and published by . This book was released on 1914 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Quaternary Ammonium Salts written by Sam Bernard Beckner and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Phase Transfer Catalysis written by Y. Sasson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phase transfer catalysis is a sophisticated chemical technique which can be used to perform a variety of chemical reactions under mild conditions and with improved control. Since the concept was developed, both the theoretical and practical synthetic applications have seen considerable development, to the point where the technique can be applied to many areas of chemistry. Thus, phase transfer methods are now utilized in many applications, from research chemistry to full-scale production, where the benefits of faster, cleaner and more selective reactions are required. In this new book, the editors have brought together a range of contributors, each of whom is working at the forefront of the technology, to provide a clear, concise and ahtoritative review of this important area of chemistry. Industrial and academic chemists working on the synthesis, scale-up, production or analysis of a wide range of chemical products will find this book an essential reference on phase transfer technology.
Download or read book A Critical Study of Certain Reported Abnormal Ammonium Salts written by Gordon Dean Byrkit and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fertilizer Manual written by Travis P. Hignett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Fertilizer Manual was prepared by the International Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC) as a joint project with the United Nations Industrial Development Organi zation (UNIDO). It is designed to replace the UN Fertilizer Manual published in 1967 and intended to be a reference source on fertilizer production technology and economics and fertilizer industry planning for developing countries. The aim of the new manual is to describe in clear, simple language all major fertilizer processes, their requirements, advan tages and disadvantages and to show illustrative examples of economic evaluations. The manual is organized in five parts. Part I deals with the history of fertilizers, world outlook, the role of fertilizers in agriculture, and raw materials and includes a glossary of fertilizer-related terms. Part II covers the production and transportation of ammonia and all important nitrogen fertilizers-liquids and solids. Part III deals with the characteristics of phosphate rock, production of sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and all important phosphate fertilizers, including nitrophosphates and ammonium phosphates. Part IV deals with potash fertilizers-ore mining and refining and chemical manufac ture; compound fertilizers; secondary and micronutrients; controlled-release fertilizers; and physical properties of fertilizers. Part V includes chapters on planning a fertilizer industry, pollution control, the economics of production of major fertilizer products anJ intermediates, and problems facing the world fertilizer industry.
Download or read book Surface Active Quaternary Ammonium Germicides written by Carl A. Lawrence and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surface-Active Quaternary Ammonium Germicides accumulates in the pages of one volume a review of the history, chemistry, biology, and application of the quaternary ammonium salts that have appeared in print to date. The quaternary ammonium surface-active antiseptics have secured a prominent and important place in the fields of medicinal and general disinfection during the past decade. These compounds are of particular interest in that, unlike most other disinfectants, they exhibit not only germicidal action but also surface-active, detergent, and wetting properties.
Download or read book Studies of Ammonium Salts written by R. Reik and published by . This book was released on 1902 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evaluation of the Health Aspects of Certain Ammonium Salts as Food Ingredients written by Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Life Sciences Research Office. Select Committee on GRAS Substances and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Derivatives of Quaternary Ammonium Salts written by Richard George Handrick and published by . This book was released on 1939 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Base Promoted Reactions of Quaternary Ammonium Salts written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gluing Ammonium salt treated Southern Pine with Resorcinol resin Adhesives written by R. E. Schaeffer and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactions in the Solid State written by Michael E. Brown and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1980-01-01 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The whole of Volume 22 is devoted to the kinetics and mechanisms of the decomposition and interaction of inorganic solids, extended to include metal carboxylates. After an introductory chapter on the characteristic features of reactions in the solid phase, experimental methods of investigation of solid reactions and the measurement of reaction rates are reviewed in Chapter 2 and the theory of solid state kinetics in Chapter 3. The reactions of single substances, loosely grouped on the basis of a common anion since it is this constituent which most frequently undergoes breakdown, are discussed in Chapter 4, the sequence being effectively that of increasing anion complexity. Chapter 5 covers reactions between solids, and includes catalytic processes where one solid component remains unchanged, double compound formation and rate processes involving the interactions of more than three crystalline phases. The final chapter summarises the general conclusions drawn in the text of Chapter 2-5.
Download or read book Thermodynamics of Aqueous Solutions of Quaternary Ammonium Salts written by Wen-Yang Wen and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reactions of Certain Quaternary Ammonium Salts with Organophosphites written by Alicia Forinas Torralba and published by . This book was released on 1957 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Cyclic Quarternary Ammonium Salts written by Sulo Arthur Karjala and published by . This book was released on 1930 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
