Download or read book Ammonia Volatilization from Urea Fertilizers written by B. R. Bock and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Symposiumverslagen over: de omvang van ureum als meststof op de wereldmarkt; bodem-, milieu- en beheersfactoren die de ammoniakvervluchtiging beinvloeden; factoren die de ureumhydrolyse beinvloeden; de chemische balans m.b.t. de ammoniakvervluchtiging; modelmatige weergave voor het voorspellen van de vervluchtiging; vergelijking van methoden voor ammoniakmetingen; ontwikkelingen omtrent de toepassing van remstoffen bij de urease-vorming; mechanismen bij de urease-vorming; ammoniakvervluchtiging van ureumfosfaatmeststoffen

Download or read book Ammonia Volatilization from Surface Applied Urea containing Fertilizers written by Steven Lyle Oberle and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Improving Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil Urease Activity written by S. Kiss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of our present work is to review the fundamental studies on inhibition of soil urease activity and the applied studies on improving efficiency of urea fertilizers by inhibition of soil urease activity. The general literature on these topics covers 65 years, and the patent literature comprises a period of nearly 40 years. Studies related to inhibition of soil urease activity were performed in a great number of countries' well representing all the continents. Full texts of the papers describing these studies were published in one of 18 languages·'. The literature data reviewed are structured into 10 chapters, 81 subchapters, and 224 sections. The bibliographical list consists of 830 papers cited. ·In alphabetical order: Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Belorussia, Brazil. Bulgaria, Canada, China, Costa Rica, Cuba. Czech RepUblic, Egypt, Estonia, France, Georgia (Gruzia), Germany, Hungary, India, Iraq, Ireland, Israel, Italy. Japan, Kazakhstan, Lithuania, Malaysia, Moldova, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, Philippines, Poland, Romania, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka. Sudan, Sweden, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, United Kingdom, United States of America. Uzbekistan .

Download or read book Aspects of Ammonia Volatilization from Surface applied Urea Fertilizers written by Kevin McInnes and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World fertilizer trends and outlook to 2022 written by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2019-10-30 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the world nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer medium-term supply and demand forecasts for the period 2017-2022. FAO, in collaboration with other members of the Fertilizer Outlook Expert Group dealing with fertilizer production, consumption and trade, provides forecasts of world and regional fertilizer supply, demand and potential balance.

Download or read book Microorganisms for Green Revolution written by Deepak G. Panpatte and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-07 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses basic and applied aspects of two nexus points of microorganisms in agro-ecosystems, namely their functional role as bio-fertilizers and bio-pesticides. Readers will find detailed information on all of the aspects that are required to make a microbe “agriculturally beneficial.” A healthy, balanced soil ecosystem provides a habitat for crops to grow without the need for interventions such as agro-chemicals. No organism in an agro-ecosystem can flourish individually, which is why research on the interaction of microorganisms with higher forms of life has increasingly gained momentum in the last 10-15 years. In fact, most of plants’ life processes only become possible through interactions with microorganisms. Using these “little helpers” as a biological alternative to agro-chemicals is a highly contemporary field of research. The information presented here is based on the authors’ extensive experience in the subject area, gathered in the course of their careers in the field of agricultural microbiology. The book offers a valuable resource for all readers who are actively involved in research on agriculturally beneficial microorganisms. In addition, it will help prepare readers for the future challenges that climate change will pose for agriculture and will help to bridge the current gaps between different scientific communities.

Download or read book Agronomic Effectiveness of Some Urea Phosphate Fertilizers as Determined by Ammonia Volatilization Losses and Crop Response written by Olusegun Adedayo Yerokum and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ammonia Volatilization from Nitrogen Fertilizers and Wastewater Reuse in the Columbia Basin written by Sarah K. Del Moro and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ammonia (NH3) volatilization and loss from nitrogen (N) fertilizer in agriculture negatively impacts crops, farm profitability, human health and surrounding ecosystems where it is deposited. A significant source of NH3 volatilization occurs from surface application of urea on sandy soils with low pH buffering capacity such as those in the semi-arid Columbia Basin region of Oregon and Washington. Ammonia volatilization can be mitigated by using alternative N fertilizers to urea. Effluent from food processing and energy production industries is also used on cropland as an efficient method to conserve water and nutrients. However, NH3 emissions from effluent application have not been quantified. The objectives of this study were to: (i) quantify NH3-N loss from urea vs. alternative N fertilizer products in a micrometeorological field study and laboratory incubation experiment, and (ii) quantify NH3 emissions from effluent applied to crops using an inverse-dispersion micrometeorological method. The fertilizers evaluated in field and laboratory trials included urea, polymer-coated urea, sulfur-coated urea, urea treated with urease inhibitor [N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT)] and ammonium sulfate (AS). Mixed and fused N salts were also evaluated, including a blend of urea and AS and a blend of AS:ammonium nitrate (AN). A modified passive flux method was used to estimate NH3-N loss from fertilizers in the field experiment for 33 d after application. In the lab incubation trial, NH3 was collected in acid for 43 d after application. In the field trial, cumulative NH3-N loss from urea was 47% of N applied. The alternative N fertilizers reduced NH3-N loss in both the field and laboratory, with the exception of the fused urea:AS blend. The reduction of NH3-N loss ranged from 19 to 68% vs. urea in the field, and 16 to 98% vs. urea in the laboratory. In the second study, a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) model was used to calculate NH3 emissions from alfalfa fields receiving effluent water (average 111 mg L−1 total Kjeldahl N content) generated from a potato processor, a dehydrated onion processor, and a cogeneration plant. An ultraviolet-differential optical absorption spectrometer (UV-DOAS) and three-dimensional sonic anemometer were used to monitor NH3 concentrations, wind speed, and temperature for 43 days downwind of the field. The average NH3-N emission rate was 1.4 kg ha−1 d−1 when effluent was applied vs. 0.5 kg ha−1 d−1 during irrigation without effluent. The greatest average NH3-N emission rate of 6.1 kg ha−1 d−1 resulted from alfalfa harvest. These studies provided insight of relative NH3 loss among a variety of alternative N fertilizers to urea. Additional N mass balance research will be required to validate the accuracy of these NH3 loss quantifications. Compared to urea, all of the alternative fertilizers significantly reduced NH3-N loss, with greatest benefit resulting from NO3p− and NH4p+ fertilizer forms (> 60% reduction vs. urea). The average NH3-N emission rate of 1.4 kg ha−1 d−1 observed during effluent application was nearly three times the rate observed from irrigation without effluent. This study confirmed the potential of alternative N fertilizers to reduce NH3 emission in agriculture in conditions favoring NH3 volatilization. This study also confirmed the need to consider NH3 loss when reusing effluent as a nutrient source for crops.

Download or read book Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis written by M.R. Carter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-08-03 with total page 1264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thoroughly updated and revised, this second edition of the bestselling Soil Sampling and Methods of Analysis presents several new chapters in the areas of biological and physical analysis and soil sampling. Reflecting the burgeoning interest in soil ecology, new contributions describe the growing number and assortment of new microbiological

Download or read book World Fertilizer Trends and Outlook to 2018 written by and published by Food & Agriculture Organization of the UN (FAO). This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report presents the world nitrogen, phosphate and potassium fertilizer medium-term supply and demand projections for the period 2014-2018. The FAO/Fertilizer Organizations Working Group met in Nairobi, Kenya, in June 2014 to review the prospects for fertilizer demand and supply, and prepared the forecasts. The African Fertilizer and Agribusiness Partnership (AFAP) and the Fertilizer Association of Southern Africa (FERTASA) provided special regional contributions and presentations.

Download or read book Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ammonia Volatilization from Urea Fertilizer Bulletin Y 206 1988 written by and published by . This book was released on 19?? with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Controlling Ammonia Volatilization From Urea Surface written by Munazzah Meraj and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fertilizer consumption has increased three fold during the past 30 years. It reached one million nutrient tones in 1980/81, two million tons in 1992/93 and three million tons in 2002/03. Urea, today, is made in approximately 75 factories worldwide with a total capacity approaching 100,000,000 tons annually. Urea hydrolyzed by urease. Sodium Thiosulfate (ST) has been reported to inhibit nitrification and urea hydrolysis and thereby reduces volatilization of urea nitrogen as ammonia from soils fertilized with urea. A laboratory experiment was carried out by adding ST to urea (10 % by volume). We evaluated ST as a soil urease inhibitor by studying its effects on urea hydrolysis. Encouraging results were found in reducing NH3 losses when ST was applied it reduced NH3 losses in cotton 35.13%, 31.65% and 35.35%, 32.77% in Rice soils in first and second experiment respectively. It functions as urease and nitrification inhibitor.

Download or read book Fertilizer Source and Placement Influence Ammonia Volatilization Losses from Water seeded Rice Systems written by Thort Chuong and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ammonia (NH3) volatilization is one of the main nitrogen (N) loss pathways from rice production systems; reducing N use efficiency and causing environmental problems. NH3 volatilization has not been studied in water-seeded rice systems or in systems where aqua-NH3 is the primary fertilizer N source (aqua-NH3 is typically injected into dry soil before flooding and planting). Our objective was to quantify NH3 volatilization from preplant aqua-NH3 and compare it to urea which had been broadcast or drilled. In addition, NH3 volatilization from mid-season top-dressed N applications were quantified. This was accomplished with 10 field experiments. Preplant N treatments included a zero N control, injected aqua-NH3, broadcast urea, and banded urea at the farmer applied rate (averaged 165kg N ha-1). Furthermore, NH3 volatilization from mid-season top-dress N treatments were a zero N control, urea and ammonium sulfate (34 kg N ha-1). NH3 volatilization was measured up to 3 weeks after the preplant N was applied and for one week after the top-dress was applied using a semi-open static chamber. Losses due to NH3 volatilization from preplant broadcast urea were significantly higher than other treatments, but accounted for less than 2% of applied N. Losses from aqua-NH3 and banded urea were even lower but where significantly greater than losses from the control treatment. The losses occurred in the first 7-day after flooding. When N was top-dressed, 1.5 % and 2.6% of applied N was lost via volatilization from urea and ammonium sulfate, respectively. NH3 losses reported here are lower than what is typically reported in the literature, even when urea is broadcast.

Download or read book Evaluation of Cogranulated Urea urea Phosphate as a Nitrogen Source for Crop Production written by Richard Malcolm Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Nitrogen Economy of Flooded Rice Soils written by S.K. de Datta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The steadily increasing cost of nitrogen fertilizer has resulted in more emphasis on basic and applied studies to improve nitrogen use efficiency in lowland rice. The efficiency of fertilizer nitrogen in farmers' fields is shockingly low ~ a luxury resource-scarce farmers in tropical Asia can ill afford. We believe it is critical to quantify the basic transformation processes and develop management practices for higher N use efficiency for two reasons. They are: 1. Nitrogen fertilizer together with water management is a key factor for achieving the yield potentials of modern rices. 2. Fertilizer nitrogen prices are high and most Asian rice farmers are poor. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines; Internation al Fertilizer Development Center (IFDC), USA; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia; U.S. Universities (Louisiana, Cornell, California, Arkansas and others); and Dr Justus Leibig University in West Germany are actively engaged in individual or collaborative research that addresses basic transformation processes on N gains and losses and management practices to maximize N use efficiency in rice. It is appropriate to update and summarize, in a double issue of Fertilizer Research, the 10 papers presented at the special symposium organized by the American Society of Agronomy (ASA) at the 75th Annual Meeting in Washington, D.C. in 1983. S.K. De Datta, Head of Agronomy Department, IRRI, was chairman of the International Agronomy Division of ASA (A-6) in 1982 and 1983.

Download or read book Green Urea written by Noorhana Yahya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-16 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a game changing technology of lower energy-intensive urea production of urea which is used as fertilizer. The technology, from a resource to a knowledge-intensive based industry, investigates a new synthesis approach employing electromagnetic induction and nano-catalyst at lower energy consumption. This clean and green method for a sustainable future might change the landscape of future chemical processes. It is made possible due to the enhancement in nanotechnology where quantum mechanical understanding is called into play. New reactor designs are elaborated on and discussed explicitly. Hematite and nickel oxide nanocatalysts are proposed for the green urea synthesis process, in the presence of static and oscillating magnetic fields. Strategies to increase single to triplet conversion rate are given for better understanding of the improved urea rate. The focus is deliberately on scrutinizing the greenhouse gas effect on the urea yield, in this case CO2 flow rate. Coating techniques for slow release strategies are provided to reduce the volatilization of ammonia and leaching effect, hence offering a complete solution of Green Technology. Agriculture 4.0 that creates the new patterns and precision monitoring of crop rotation and livestock utilization will be able to pave the way for better crop yield. Development of advanced technology in agriculture is important for the implementation of Agriculture 4.0 and currently an inevitable trend of the socioeconomic development in the context of broader international integration for the sustainable future. The author would like to acknowledge Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) for the grant worth RM 12 million to accomplish Green and Economical Urea project and to have full understanding on Green Technology in Urea. This book is a collaborative effort by her colleagues, Ku Zilati, Khanif, Shahrina, Zainovia, Azizah, Zakaria, and who have carried out the research over the past five years which started in 2011. Their unconditional commitment had brought us together and we completed the project with success. I wish to also thank Dr Menaka Ganeson and all my PhD students, Dr. Saima, Dr. Bilal, Mr. Zia and Mr. Irfan for their commitment to assist me to complete the book. Last but not least, thank you very much to Professor Mike Payne (Cambridge University) and Professor Koziol (Cranfield University) for the comments.