Download or read book Agronomic Performance of a Reduced tillage Grain Crop Rotation During the Transition to Organic Production written by Clair Keene and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crop-based organic rotational no-till is one strategy for reducing tillage in organic systems and relies on rolled cover crop mulches to substitute for spring tillage and mechanical weed control in summer annual crops. This experiment was conducted at three locations to test if delaying cover crop termination would increase biomass production, weed suppression, and corn and soybean yields during the three-year transition to certified organic production. Three cover crop termination timings/ cash crop planting date treatments were examined in corn and soybean (Early, Middle, and Late). Additional split- and split-split plots within the planting date treatments were the presence or absence of high-residue cultivation and cash crop variety selection, respectively. The crop rotation was hairy vetch plus triticale cover crop-corn-cereal rye cover crop-soybean-winter wheat and was implemented in a full-entry design with all cash crops present in each year. Hairy vetch-triticale biomass did not consistently increase with delayed termination, and Late termination corresponding to full flower and the onset of pod formation in hairy vetch was necessary to prevent hairy vetch from competing with corn and becoming a weed. Cereal rye biomass increased as termination was delayed, but the Middle termination date corresponding to 50% anthesis to early milk was optimal for minimizing cereal rye competition with soybean and seed production. Volunteer cover crops negatively impacted winter wheat at two sites: hairy vetch at Maryland and cereal rye at Pennsylvania. Delaying planting tended to reduce corn but not soybean yields across sites. Regression stability analysis identified the Middle planting date as minimizing the variability of corn and soybean yields. These findings suggest that a tradeoff between hairy vetch control and corn yield cannot be avoided in this system while a tradeoff is not likely in cereal rye-soybean.Pulse-chase additions of three summer annual weed species identified high-residue cultivation as an effective weed control tactic in cover crop-based organic rotational no-till. Delaying cover crop termination and cash crop planting date did not have a clear impact on the target weeds across sites. Later-emerging species giant foxtail and smooth pigweed appeared to more readily exploit low cash crop populations at later planting dates than the early-emerging common ragweed. Yellow nut-sedge, a perennial species not included in the pulse-chase experiment, increased during the experiment across sites.In a separate experiment examining the timing and frequency of high-residue cultivation in a conventional conservation tillage system, two high-residue cultivator passes plus banded herbicide at planting resulted in weed control and yields similar to weed-free check plots in corn and soybean. Cover crop residues increased cash crop yields in droughty years. However, higher yields were not typically enough to offset the cost of cover crop establishment. Nitrogen credit from a cover crop can improve the economics of cover crop establishment in corn.

Download or read book Crop Rotation on Organic Farms written by Charles L. Mohler and published by Natural Resource Agriculture and Engineering Service (Nraes). This book was released on 2009 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book No till Farming Systems for Sustainable Agriculture written by Yash P. Dang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-03 with total page 638 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a comprehensive summary of current global research on no-till farming, and its benefits and challenges from various agronomic, environmental, social and economic perspectives. It details the characteristics and future requirements of no-till farming systems across different geographic and climatic regions, and outlines what is needed to increase the uptake of no-till farming globally. Over 35 chapters, this book covers in detail the agronomic and soil management issues that must be resolved to ensure the successful implementation of these systems. Important economic, environmental, social and policy considerations are discussed. It also features a series of case studies across a number of regions globally, highlighting the challenges and opportunities for no-till and how these may vary depending on climate and geopolitical location. This book is a remarkable compilation by experts in no-till farming systems. The promotion and expansion of no-till farming systems worldwide will be critical for food security, and resource and environmental sustainability. This is an invaluable reference for both researchers and practitioners grappling with the challenges of feeding the world’s rising population in an environment increasingly impacted by climate change. It is an essential reading for those seeking to understand the complexity of no-till farming systems and how best to optimise these systems in their region.

Download or read book Benefits of Crop Rotation for Sustainable Agriculture in Dryland Farming written by Robert Paul Zentner and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the early 1900s, more than 68 long-term crop rotation studies have been conducted, with 20 of these studies still continuing. This publication, which focuses on the period since the 1950s, summarizes the effects of rotation length, crop sequence, substitute crops for summer fallow, and fertilization using nitrogen and phosphorus on crop production and quality, pests, soil moisture, nitrogen and phosphorus uptake, soil quality, profitability, and energy efficiency. Highlights from these studies are discussed under each topic. Recommendations are given on how to run an efficient, economical, and environmentally responsible farming operating on the Canadian prairies.

Download or read book A Profound Guide to Crop Rotation written by Lisa H Gregory Ph D and published by . This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop rotation is the practice of growing a series of different types of crops in the same area in sequential seasons. Crop rotation gives various nutrients to the soil. A traditional element of crop rotation is the replenishment of nitrogen through the use of green manure in sequence with cereals and other crops. Crop rotation also mitigates the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped, and can also improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants. Crop rotation has increased in the south in the last 10 years due to the changing tides of the ever changing grain price. With the increase in corn acres across the south, as well as the increase in irrigation, we have seen a steady increase in yields. There are many studies showing yield increases of 10 to 15 percent in soybeans and corn when rotation is utilized. Rotations also help with a reduction in nematodes, weeds and diseases. Northern Leaf Blight is a good example of a disease that has increased over the last several years, and can be reduced by rotating corn and soybeans. Understanding the relationship between nitrogen (N) and crop rotation is very important when making N management decisions. There are several benefits to using crop rotation, including improved nutrient cycling, soil tilth, and soil physical properties; and enhanced weed control. Crop rotation also may influence the rate of N mineralization or the conversion of organic N to mineral N by modifying soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, plant residue, and tillage practices.The incremental increase in N use over the past five decades, due to emphasis on maximizing yield, has led to a subsequent increase in N in the soil profile of some agricultural fields. Therefore, the influence of agricultural practices on water quality has prompted studies to develop best management practices to optimize the use of fertilizer N and reduce N loss to surface and groundwater. Crop rotation can play a major role in minimizing the potential risk of nitrate leaching to surface and groundwater by enhancing soil N availability, reducing the amount of N fertilizer applied, and minimizing the potential risk of N leaching. Research on the impact of long-term crop rotation on soil N availability shows that planting alfalfa, corn, oat, and soybean significantly increased the mineralized net N in soil compared with planting continuous corn. Because soil N mineralization can effect yield, crop rotation thus can be used as a management system to enhance the soil nutrient pool, thereby reducing the fertilizer N input and minimizing the risk of leaching of excess N during wet weather. A combination of conservation tillage practices and crop rotation has been shown to be very effective in improving soil physical properties. Long-term studies in the Midwest indicate that corn-soybean rotation improves yield potential of no-till compared with continuous corn. The reduction in yield of continuous corn in no-till is attributed to low soil temperature during seed germination, which is evident on poorly drained soils under no-till. Studies show that the poor performance of no-till corn following corn is more likely due to the previous crop than to surface residue conditions preventing early-season warming and drying of soils. The use of a legume cover in crop rotation can provide a substantial amount of N to a succeeding crop. Research has indicated that seeding rates for legumes can be reduced by approximately one-third of that recommended for forage production when used as cover crops without sacrificing biomass or N accumulation. Also, the type of crop grown in the previous year can impact the efficiency of conservation tillage, especially for no-till systems, due to the kind and amount of crop residue from the previous crop.

Download or read book Managing Cover Crops Profitably 3rd Ed written by Andy Clark and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-07 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cover crops slow erosion, improve soil, smother weeds, enhance nutrient and moisture availability, help control many pests and bring a host of other benefits to your farm. At the same time, they can reduce costs, increase profits and even create new sources of income. You¿ll reap dividends on your cover crop investments for years, since their benefits accumulate over the long term. This book will help you find which ones are right for you. Captures farmer and other research results from the past ten years. The authors verified the info. from the 2nd ed., added new results and updated farmer profiles and research data, and added 2 chap. Includes maps and charts, detailed narratives about individual cover crop species, and chap. about aspects of cover cropping.

Download or read book No Tillage Agriculture written by Ronald E. Phillips and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: No-tillage cropping systems and concepts have evolved rapidly since the early 1960s and are attracting attention worldwide. The rapid growth and interest is associated with increasing pressures for food production from a fixed land resource base with degrading effects of erosion, soil compaction and other factors becoming more noticeable. Research programs have provided many answers and identified new technology needed for success of the no-tillage crop production system in the past two decades and this has resulted in a rapid rate of adoption. Farmers played an important role in the early stages· of development of the system and continue to play an important role in its improvement and rapid rate of adoption. This book provides an inventory and assessment of the principles involved in no-tillage concepts and addresses the application of the technology to practical production schemes. Selected authors and contributors have long been associated either in no-tillage research or application. They represent many disciplines interfacing with the complex interactions of soil, plant and environment. Personal obser vations by the authors in many geographic sectors of the world indicate the principles to be valid but application of the principles to be less uniform. The application of no-tillage principles requires considerable modification as variations in soil and/or climatic condi tions are encountered in different regions of the world.

Download or read book Conservation Tillage and Cropping Innovation written by C. Milton Coughenour and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sociological study of changing farming methods, Conservation Tillage and Cropping Innovation investigates those techniques that have gradually continued to replace the plow culture. With thorough documentation of the conservation tillage and cropping revolution, this book features chapters on: The Social Construction of Innovative Networks; Planning Conservation Cropping: Implications for Research, Development, and Extension; The New Agriculture of Conservation Cropping: Present and Future.

Download or read book Conventional Reduced tillage and Organic Cropping Systems in Southeastern Wyoming written by Jenna L. Bagnall and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 102 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the profitability of conventional, reduced-tillage, and organic cropping systems on a representative southeastern Wyoming farm. I develop enterprise budgets for three cropping systems (Conventional, Reduced-tillage, and Organic) over a four-year crop rotation, using data from the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Extension Center (SAREC) near Lingle, WY. I calculate average net revenue for the three cropping systems over a four-year period, and then use @Risk to simulate distributions of net revenue. The Organic system's net revenue is always larger than the Conventional or Reduced-tillage systems' net revenues, due to input cost-savings and price premiums. When price premiums are removed from the model (i.e., Transition-period Organic system) net revenue remains larger than the Conventional system's in only 1 percent of the instances. Transitioning to an Organic or Reduced-tillage system may provide both economic and environmental benefits over the long-run; however, net revenue may decrease in the short-run.

Download or read book Building Soils for Better Crops written by Fred Magdoff and published by Sare. This book was released on 2009 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "'Published by the Sustainable Agriculture Research and Education (SARE) program, with funding from the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture."

Download or read book Carbon Nitrogen and Aggregation Dynamics in Low input and Reduced Tillage Cropping Systems written by Diana Beth Friedman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Extensive Guide to Crop Rotation written by Dennis Park Ph D and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-06-03 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rotations also help with a reduction in nematodes, weeds and diseases. Northern Leaf Blight is a good example of a disease that has increased over the last several years, and can be reduced by rotating corn and soybeans. Understanding the relationship between nitrogen (N) and crop rotation is very important when making N management decisions. There are several benefits to using crop rotation, including improved nutrient cycling, soil tilth, and soil physical properties; and enhanced weed control. Crop rotation also may influence the rate of N mineralization or the conversion of organic N to mineral N by modifying soil moisture, soil temperature, pH, plant residue, and tillage practices. The incremental increase in N use over the past five decades, due to emphasis on maximizing yield, has led to a subsequent increase in N in the soil profile of some agricultural fields. Therefore, the influence of agricultural practices on water quality has prompted studies to develop best management practices to optimize the use of fertilizer N and reduce N loss to surface and groundwater. Crop rotation can play a major role in minimizing the potential risk of nitrate leaching to surface and groundwater by enhancing soil N availability, reducing the amount of N fertilizer applied, and minimizing the potential risk of N leaching. Research on the impact of long-term crop rotation on soil N availability shows that planting alfalfa, corn, oat, and soybean significantly increased the mineralized net N in soil compared with planting continuous corn. Because soil N mineralization can effect yield, crop rotation thus can be used as a management system to enhance the soil nutrient pool, thereby reducing the fertilizer N input and minimizing the risk of leaching of excess N during wet weather. A combination of conservation tillage practices and crop rotation has been shown to be very effective in improving soil physical properties. Long-term studies in the Midwest indicate that corn-soybean rotation improves yield potential of no-till compared with continuous corn. The reduction in yield of continuous corn in no-till is attributed to low soil temperature during seed germination, which is evident on poorly drained soils under no-till. Studies show that the poor performance of no-till corn following corn is more likely due to the previous crop than to surface residue conditions preventing early-season warming and drying of soils.

Download or read book Soil Health and Intensification of Agroecosystems written by Mahdi M. Al-Kaisi and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil Health and Intensification of Agroecosystems examines the climate, environmental, and human effects on agroecosystems and how the existing paradigms must be revised in order to establish sustainable production. The increased demand for food and fuel exerts tremendous stress on all aspects of natural resources and the environment to satisfy an ever increasing world population, which includes the use of agriculture products for energy and other uses in addition to human and animal food. The book presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate. The book explores the introduction of sustainable agroecosystems that promote biodiversity, sustain soil health, and enhance food production as ways to help mitigate some of these adverse effects. New agroecosystems will help define a resilient system that can potentially absorb some of the extreme shifts in climate. Changing the existing cropping system paradigm to utilize natural system attributes by promoting biodiversity within production agricultural systems, such as the integration of polycultures, will also enhance ecological resiliency and will likely increase carbon sequestration. - Focuses on the intensification and integration of agroecosystem and soil resiliency by presenting suggested modifications of the current cropping system paradigm - Examines climate, environment, and human effects on agroecosystems - Explores in depth the wide range of intercalated soil and plant interactions as they influence soil sustainability and, in particular, soil quality - Presents options for ecological systems that mimic the natural diversity of the ecosystem and can have significant effect as the world faces a rapidly changing and volatile climate

Download or read book Intensive Cropping written by Sohan S Prihar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-01-25 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explore new concepts for maximizing crop yields! Intensive Cropping: Efficient Use of Water, Nutrients, and Tillage is a compilation of current information on the interdependence of and synergies among water, nutrients, and energy in regard to increasing crop performance. This book explains the need for intensive cropping and explores the technologies and practices necessary for proper management of water, nutrients, and energy. With Intensive Cropping you will learn how to improve the quantity of the world's most important crops using methods that will minimize harm to the environment. This essential guide is a state-of-the-art account of the concepts and practices concerning the integrated use of water, nutrients, and energy in intensive cropping. Intensive Cropping combines basic and applied aspects of soil-water, nutrients, and energy management to help you optimize your crop yields and maximize the efficiency of intensively farmed regions. In Intensive Cropping, you will explore the need for extreme farming and related concerns and concepts, including: reducing runoff, deep seepage, and evaporation losses supplementing irrigation with surface and ground water understanding the process of water uptake and its effects on root dynamics and water use reducing leaching, erosion, and gasseus losses in your fields using combinations of organic manures, crop residues, chemical fertilizers, and biofertilizers for soil maintenance implementing conventional and emerging tillage systems, such as conservation tillage for improving soil quality examining case studies of contrasting edaphic requirements of rice-wheat systems Intensive Cropping brings you up-to-date on recent advances in the field, supported by relevant experimental observations on environmentally safe and effective ways to increase crop performance. By examining this new research on increasing crop production, you will be able to successfully increase crop yields in various climates and support the growing global demand for such resources.

Download or read book Crop Rotation written by Samiha Ouda and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-12-06 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book tackles the issue of using crop rotation to increase food production and secure it for the growing population of the future. Crop rotation can be a solution of food gaps in the developing counties. Crop rotation plays an important role in attaining soil sustainability and in controlling pests and weeds. It can alleviate damage caused by climate change by reducing losses in productivity of the crops, minimizing soil fertility loss and increase irrigation water productivity. This book also includes the reviews of a large number of crop rotations that have been published internationally, and additionally, the crop rotations that have been implemented in Egypt have a unique characteristic to them and therefore, a large number of those reviews have also been included.

Download or read book Crop Rotation and Cover Cropping written by Seth Kroeck and published by Chelsea Green Publishing. This book was released on 2004 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A Project of the Northeast Organic Farming Association."

Download or read book Dry Farm Crop Rotations and Cultural Methods written by Alfred Atkinson and published by . This book was released on 1917 with total page 66 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: