Download or read book Agglomeration Economies and Productivity in Indian Industry written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The benefits to Indian ma ...

Download or read book Agglomeration Economies and Productivity in Inidian Industry written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: August 2001 The benefits to Indian manufacturing firms of locating in dense urban areas do not appear to offset the associated costs. Improving the quality and availability of transport infrastructure linking smaller urban areas to the rest of the interregional network would improve manufacturing plants' access to markets and would give standardized manufacturing activities a chance to move out of large, costly urban centers to lower cost secondary centers. "New" economic geography theory and the development of innovative methods of analysis have renewed interest in the location and spatial concentration of economic activities. Lall, Shalizi, and Deichmann examine the extent to which agglomeration economies contribute to economic productivity. They distinguish three sources of agglomeration economies: * At the firm level, from improved access to market centers. * At the industry level, from enhanced intra-industry linkages. * At the regional level, from inter-industry urbanization economies. The input demand framework they use in analysis permits the production function to be estimated jointly with a set of cost shares and makes allowances for nonconstant returns to scale and for agglomeration economies to be factor-augmenting. They use firm-level data for standardized manufacturing in India, together with spatially detailed physio-geographic information that considers the availability and quality of transport networks linking urban centers--thereby accounting for heterogeneity in the density of transport networks between different parts of the country. The sources and magnitudes of agglomeration vary considerably between industrial sectors. Their results indicate that access to markets through improvements in interregional infrastructure is an important determinant of firm-level productivity, whereas the benefits of locating in dense urban areas do not appear to offset the associated costs. Improving the quality and availability of transport infrastructure linking smaller urban areas to the rest of the interregional network would improve market access for manufacturing plants. It would also give standardized manufacturing activities a chance to move out of large, costly urban centers to lower cost secondary centers. This paper--a product of Infrastructure and Environment, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the role of economic geography and urbanization in the development process. The authors may be contacted at [email protected], zshalizi @worldbank.org, or [email protected].

Download or read book The Impact of Business Environment and Economic Geography on Plant level Productivity written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The authors' analysis of manufacturing plants sampled from India's major industrial centers shows large productivity gaps across cities. The gaps partly reflect differences in agglomeration economies and in market access. However, they are also explained to a greater extent by differences in the degree of labor regulation and in the severity of power shortages. This is an indication that governments can help narrow regional disparities in industrial growth by fostering the "right business environment" in locations where industry might otherwise be held back by powerful forces of economic geography. There is indeed a pattern in the data whereby geographically disadvantaged cities seem to compensate partially for their natural disadvantage by having a better business environment than more geographically advantaged locations. "--World Bank web site.

Download or read book The Impact of Business Environment and Economic Geography on Plant Level Productivity written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors' analysis of manufacturing plants sampled from India's major industrial centers shows large productivity gaps across cities. The gaps partly reflect differences in agglomeration economies and in market access. However, they are also explained to a greater extent by differences in the degree of labor regulation and in the severity of power shortages. This is an indication that governments can help narrow regional disparities in industrial growth by fostering the "right business environment" in locations where industry might otherwise be held back by powerful forces of economic geography. There is indeed a pattern in the data whereby geographically disadvantaged cities seem to compensate partially for their natural disadvantage by having a better business environment than more geographically advantaged locations.

Download or read book Business Environment Clustering and Industry Location written by Somik V. Lall and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: How do differences in the local business environment influence location of industry within countries? How do the benefits of a good business environment compare with those from good market access and agglomeration economies from industry clustering? The authors examine these questions by analyzing location decisions of individual firms. Using data from a recently completed survey of manufacturing firms in India, they find that both the local business environment and agglomeration economies significantly influence business location choices across cities. In particular, excessive regulation of labor and of other industrial activities reduces the probability of a business locating in a city. The authors ' findings imply that in order to attract industrial activity, smaller or remoter cities need to offer even more attractive policy concessions or reforms to offset the effects of their relatively adverse (economic) geography. Their methodology pays special attention to the identification of agglomeration economies in the presence of unobserved sources of natural advantage.

Download or read book Agglomeration Economies and Productivity Growth in India written by Astha Agarwalla and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agglomeration economies have been analyzed in the literature as drivers of economic growth, as these contribute to productivity enhancement. The primary objective of this paper is to ascertain the existence of agglomeration economies, and to examine the extent to which these have contributed to productivity growth in India. Two sources of agglomeration economies are distinguished (i) at the industry level localization economies of intra-industry linkage; and (ii) at the regional level inter-industry urbanization economies. Growth accounting framework is used with agglomeration parameters included in the shift term of a general production function, coefficients of which are estimated through panel data regression. I employ state level data for 25 state economies in India for the period 1980-81 to 2006-07. There is evidence that urbanization economies tend to exist; however, there is considerable variation in the sources and magnitude of agglomeration economies across sectors. Results indicate that for service sector, the economies of urbanization exist on a lower level of urbanization, whereas for manufacturing, these economies are present at higher levels. Results support regional diversity more than localization, even if some differences can be seen across sectors.

Download or read book Agglomeration Economics written by Edward L. Glaeser and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-04-15 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When firms and people are located near each other in cities and in industrial clusters, they benefit in various ways, including by reducing the costs of exchanging goods and ideas. One might assume that these benefits would become less important as transportation and communication costs fall. Paradoxically, however, cities have become increasingly important, and even within cities industrial clusters remain vital. Agglomeration Economics brings together a group of essays that examine the reasons why economic activity continues to cluster together despite the falling costs of moving goods and transmitting information. The studies cover a wide range of topics and approach the economics of agglomeration from different angles. Together they advance our understanding of agglomeration and its implications for a globalized world.

Download or read book Business Environment Clustering and Industry Location written by Somik V. Lall and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How do differences in the local business environment influence location of industry within countries? How do the benefits of a good business environment compare with those from good market access and agglomeration economies from industry clustering? The authors examine these questions by analyzing location decisions of individual firms. Using data from a recently completed survey of manufacturing firms in India, they find that both the local business environment and agglomeration economies significantly influence business location choices across cities. In particular, excessive regulation of labor and of other industrial activities reduces the probability of a business locating in a city. The authors' findings imply that in order to attract industrial activity, smaller or remoter cities need to offer even more attractive policy concessions or reforms to offset the effects of their relatively adverse (economic) geography. Their methodology pays special attention to the identification of agglomeration economies in the presence of unobserved sources of natural advantage.

Download or read book AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES IN INDIAN STATES AN ASSET TO PRODUCTIVITY written by Lorenz Noe and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India, like many countries in the Global South finds itself in the midst of a demographic transition. Though lagging behind some nations like China, India is rapidly urbanizing and is set to cross the majority-urban mark in 2050 according to the UN. For a nation of 1.1 billion people, this movement into and growth of cities will bring with it great challenges but also great promise. As the growth of cities worldwide draws the attention of policymakers, theoretical explanations for how cities work also deserve a revisit. Much of the current urbanization movement is heralded as a sign of the maturation of developing country economies, emulating the urbanization movements that preceded the industrialization and modernization phenomena of Europe and North America. However, increasingly, it is becoming apparent that many developing economies face "urbanization without industrialization"(Gollin et al 2013), in which the movement into cities happens more because of marginally higher incomes in urban areas, instead of productivity gains in rural areas that free up labor. This alternate phenomena is feared to contribute to congestion, countering many of the positive agglomeration effects that should result from urbanization, as predicted by the literature so far. In order to ground this argument in evidence, I am examining returns to scale and total factor productivity of manufacturing firms at the Indian state level across variously urbanized states using Annual Survey of Industries (ASI) data, using Lall et al 2003 as inspiration. The results of my analysis do not lend themselves to parsimonious conclusions, yet overall, agglomeration economies do not seem to have a net positive effect on returns to scale and total factor productivity, which supports existing research by Lall and underscores the need to conduct further research into returns to scale and productivity in Indian cities. Depending on the robustness of these results, investments in transportation, enabling firms to more efficiently allocate resources, and making labor markets more efficient should be the first priorities of policymakers.

Download or read book Productivity Growth in Indian Industry written by B. N. Goldar and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Agglomeration and Economic Growth written by Herbert Giersch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 277 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urban Agglomeration and Economic Growth is the fifth volume in the series of books emanating from the activities of the Egon-Sohmen-Foundation. It contains 10 papers (plus a supplementary note) which were presented at an international conference in Zurich, Switzerland, in summer 1993. These papers cover historical and theoretical aspects as well as policy implications. The volume contains contributions by M. Beckmann, H.-J. Ewers, R.H. Funck, M. van Geenhuizen and P. Nijkamp, G. Giuliano and K.A. Small, P. Hall, H. Klodt, J. Mokyr, H.W. Richardson and J.G. Williamson.

Download or read book Liberalization Productivity and Competition written by Vivek Srivastava and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The empirical evidence linking economic reform in developing countries with gains in productivity and efficiency is both limited and inconclusive. Using large firm-level data collected by the Reserve Bank of India, this book examines the impact of reform on productivity and competition for the Indian manufacturing sector in the eighties. Relying on econometric estimates of pre- and post-reform productivity growth, the study finds evidence of significantly higher productivity growth rates after the mid-eighties both at the aggregate and two-digit sector levels. The author seeks corroborating evidence by developing a framework that enables him to simultaneously estimate economies of scale, a measure of optimal labour utilization and the mark-up of price over marginal cost as an indicator of competitiveness. Though he finds evidence of better labour utilization, there is no indication of reduced market power or any significant departure from constant returns to scale in the post-reform period. He concludes that even the limited reforms of the eighties led to productivity gains which were achieved largely through better resource use.

Download or read book Capital Intensity and Productivity in Indian Industry written by Asit Banerji and published by Delhi : Macmillan Company of India. This book was released on 1975 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics written by V. Henderson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-21 with total page 1081 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new Handbook of Regional and Urban Economics: Cities and Geography reviews, synthesizes and extends the key developments in urban and regional economics and their strong connection to other recent developments in modern economics. Of particular interest is the development of the new economic geography and its incorporation along with innovations in industrial organization, endogenous growth, network theory and applied econometrics into urban and regional economics. The chapters cover theoretical developments concerning the forces of agglomeration, the nature of neighborhoods and human capital externalities, the foundations of systems of cities, the development of local political institutions, regional agglomerations and regional growth. Such massive progress in understanding the theory behind urban and regional phenomenon is consistent with on-going progress in the field since the late 1960’s. What is unprecedented are the developments on the empirical side: the development of a wide body of knowledge concerning the nature of urban externalities, city size distributions, urban sprawl, urban and regional trade, and regional convergence, as well as a body of knowledge on specific regions of the world—Europe, Asia and North America, both current and historical. The Handbook is a key reference piece for anyone wishing to understand the developments in the field.

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development written by Arkebe Oqubay and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-23 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrialization supported by industrial hubs has been widely associated with structural transformation and catch-up. But while the direct economic benefits of industrial hubs are significant, their value lies first and foremost in their contribution as incubators of industrialization, production and technological capability, and innovation. The Oxford Handbook of Industrial Hubs and Economic Development adopts an interdisciplinary approach to examine the conceptual underpinnings, review empirical evidence of regions and economies, and extract pertinent lessons for policy reasearchers and practitioners on the key drivers of success and failure for industrial hubs. This Handbook illustrates the diverse and complex nature of industrial hubs and shows how they promote industrialization, economic structural transformation, and technological catch-up. It explores the implications of emerging issues and trends such as environmental protection and sustainability, technological advancement, shifts in the global economy, and urbanization.

Download or read book World Development Report 2009 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2008-11-04 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rising densities of human settlements, migration and transport to reduce distances to market, and specialization and trade facilitated by fewer international divisions are central to economic development. The transformations along these three dimensions density, distance, and division are most noticeable in North America, Western Europe, and Japan, but countries in Asia and Eastern Europe are changing in ways similar in scope and speed. 'World Development Report 2009: Reshaping Economic Geography' concludes that these spatial transformations are essential, and should be encouraged. The conclusion is not without controversy. Slum-dwellers now number a billion, but the rush to cities continues. Globalization is believed to benefit many, but not the billion people living in lagging areas of developing nations. High poverty and mortality persist among the world's 'bottom billion', while others grow wealthier and live longer lives. Concern for these three billion often comes with the prescription that growth must be made spatially balanced. The WDR has a different message: economic growth is seldom balanced, and efforts to spread it out prematurely will jeopardize progress. The Report: documents how production becomes more concentrated spatially as economies grow. proposes economic integration as the principle for promoting successful spatial transformations. revisits the debates on urbanization, territorial development, and regional integration and shows how today's developers can reshape economic geography.

Download or read book International Productivity Monitor written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2017-07-17 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 32nd issue of the International Productivity Monitor is a special issue produced in collaboration with the OECD. All articles published in this issue were selected from papers presented at the First Annual Conference of the OECD Global Forum on Productivity held in Lisbon, Portugal, July ...