Download or read book Advancing Equity Amongst General Chemistry Students with Variable Preparations in Mathematics written by Vanessa Rosa Ralph and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reducing the inequities propagating the lack of representation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) careers has become a national imperative made increasingly complex given the inequitable preparations in science and mathematics students experience before college. A common institutional-level approach to promoting equity is the use of math and science prerequisites to prepare students who seek to enroll in lower-level STEM coursework. However, the literature does not support the efficacy of this approach, finding no substantive improvement to student performance despite considerable financial and time costs to students, instructors, and universities alike. Set in first-semester General Chemistry courses taken early in STEM degree programs, these works sought to identify and address the systems in place that contribute to inequitable STEM education and provide a cost-effective and research-based alternative to the prerequisite approach. Students were identified as at-risk by having scored in the bottom-quartile of math composite SAT or ACT scores (or 25% of the overall cohort). Often representative of students scoring near or below national averages on the SAT and ACT, at-risk students achieved 43.8% of failing grades (D, F, W) in chemistry courses and comprised only 9.9% of the A's awarded. Of these students at-risk, a disproportionate number self-identify as Black/African American or Hispanic/Latino suggesting that preparation in secondary-school mathematics, using SAT and ACT as a proxy, is not equitably achieved (or measured) by students of underrepresented minorities in the sciences. First, the impact of a collaborative pedagogy (peer-lead team learning) on student performance and equity was examined. Instructor-level differences were observed wherein student performance improved in 3 of the 4 instructors' classrooms when enacting peer-led team learning. Significant reductions in the equities observed between at-risk chemistry students and not-at-risk chemistry students were observed in classrooms of 2 of the 4 instructors. Then, student responses to 32 assessments spanning eight semesters were analyzed in first-semester General Chemistry classes at a large, doctorate-granting institution in the Southeastern United States. Students' performance on assessment items coded by topic presented a consistent pattern of differential performance on items designed to measure proficiencies with the mole concept and stoichiometry, a topic fundamental to student success in General Chemistry I and II in addition to Analytical Chemistry. In an analysis of students' solution processes to assessment items of these topics, differential performance could not be attributed to differences in conceptual understanding nor mathematical prowess, but rather the frequency in which students with higher math composite scores arrived at a correct answer using a chemically flawed or inaccurate solution process. Based on these results, we concluded that assessments of these topics may reward rote memorization without the conceptualization of procedural approaches to chemistry while simultaneously exacerbating the inequity observed between students of differing preparations in mathematics. Finally, to evaluate our recommendation of assessments that measure students' understanding of the topic beyond the application of procedural knowledge, heuristics, and algorithms, items were designed to encourage students' attention to and organization of their solution processes. Student performance (overall) improved by an average of 8.5% while reducing the differential performance observed of students at-risk by as much as 12.4% (more than one letter grade). These works contribute a variety of perspectives to science education, not the least of which is the importance of understanding the source of inequity before enacting intervention for a group of students to prevent unintended negative consequences. Implications include practical examples of assessment items reoriented from promoting a series of decontextualized algorithmic procedures toward those promoting the conceptualization of foundational science concepts. Future works seek to investigate the impact of these changes in assessment on student performance, retention, and equity when modeled in instruction and assessed throughout the semester.
Download or read book Learning and Understanding written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-06 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a fresh look at programs for advanced studies for high school students in the United States, with a particular focus on the Advanced Placement and the International Baccalaureate programs, and asks how advanced studies can be significantly improved in general. It also examines two of the core issues surrounding these programs: they can have a profound impact on other components of the education system and participation in the programs has become key to admission at selective institutions of higher education. By looking at what could enhance the quality of high school advanced study programs as well as what precedes and comes after these programs, this report provides teachers, parents, curriculum developers, administrators, college science and mathematics faculty, and the educational research community with a detailed assessment that can be used to guide change within advanced study programs.
Download or read book The Australian Physicist written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1955-04 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Peer Led Team Learning written by David K. Gosser and published by Pearson. This book was released on 2006 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Peer-Led Team Learning General Chemistry maintains the underlying philosophy and approach of the first edition, i.e., active learning in peer-led groups engages students in the process of learning chemistry. This engagement results in improved understanding of chemistry concepts and the process of science. The peer-led group model also helps students develop the communication and teamwork skills that are critical in the twenty-first century workplace.
Download or read book The Science Teacher written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 950 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SCC Library has 1964-cur.
Download or read book Resources in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Math Matters written by Heather Rose and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2001-06-01 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines the relationship between taking advanced math courses in high school and labor force earnings 10 years after graduation. The authors theorize that students with more opportunity to take higher-level math courses have two good results, the increased chances of a richer high school curriculum resulting in higher graduation rates from college and increased cognitive ability and overall productivity. According to the authors, both factors correlate to higher earnings in later life.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts of dissertations available on microfilm or as xerographic reproductions.
Download or read book Moving the Equity Agenda Forward written by Julie A. Bianchini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-21 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume takes on the vital tasks of celebrating, challenging, and attempting to move forward our understanding of equity and diversity in science education. Organized thematically, the book explores five key areas of science education equity research: science education policy; globalization; context and culture; discourse, language and identity; and leadership and social networking. Chapter authors -- emerging to established US science education scholars -- present their latest research on how to make science interesting and accessible to all students. The volume includes international voices as well: Scholars from around the world crafted responses to each section. Together, authors and respondents attempt to refine our methods for examining equity issues across classrooms, schools, and policies, and deepen our understanding of ways to promote equity and acknowledge diversity in science classrooms. Moving the Equity Agenda Forward is endorsed by NARST: A Worldwide Organization for Improving Science Teaching and Learning Through Research. The volume gains authority from the fact that it was edited by one current and four former chairs of NARST’s Equity and Ethics Committee.
Download or read book Solving the Equation written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on the underrepresentation of women in engineering and computing and provides practical ideas for educators and employers seeking to foster gender diversity. From new ways of conceptualizing the fields for beginning students to good management practices, the report recommends large and small actions that can add up to real change.
Download or read book The Toolbox Revisited written by Clifford Adelman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Toolbox Revisited is a data essay that follows a nationally representative cohort of students from high school into postsecondary education, and asks what aspects of their formal schooling contribute to completing a bachelor's degree by their mid-20s. The universe of students is confined to those who attended a four-year college at any time, thus including students who started out in other types of institutions, particularly community colleges.
Download or read book Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists written by and published by . This book was released on 1966-06 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists is the premier public resource on scientific and technological developments that impact global security. Founded by Manhattan Project Scientists, the Bulletin's iconic "Doomsday Clock" stimulates solutions for a safer world.
Download or read book Combinatorial Library written by Lisa B. English and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-04 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued successes of large- and small-scale genome sequencing projects are increasing the number of genomic targets available for drug d- covery at an exponential rate. In addition, a better understanding of molecular mechanisms—such as apoptosis, signal transduction, telomere control of ch- mosomes, cytoskeletal development, modulation of stress-related proteins, and cell surface display of antigens by the major histocompatibility complex m- ecules—has improved the probability of identifying the most promising genomic targets to counteract disease. As a result, developing and optimizing lead candidates for these targets and rapidly moving them into clinical trials is now a critical juncture in pharmaceutical research. Recent advances in com- natorial library synthesis, purification, and analysis techniques are not only increasing the numbers of compounds that can be tested against each specific genomic target, but are also speeding and improving the overall processes of lead discovery and optimization. There are two main approaches to combinatorial library production: p- allel chemical synthesis and split-and-mix chemical synthesis. These approaches can utilize solid- or solution-based synthetic methods, alone or in combination, although the majority of combinatorial library synthesis is still done on solid support. In a parallel synthesis, all the products are assembled separately in their own reaction vessels or microtiter plates. The array of rows and columns enables researchers to organize the building blocks to be c- bined, and provides an easy way to identify compounds in a particular well.
Download or read book Working Mother written by and published by . This book was released on 2002-10 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The magazine that helps career moms balance their personal and professional lives.
Download or read book Current Index to Journals in Education written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 958 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
