Download or read book Advances in Giardia Research written by P. M. Wallis and published by Calgary : University of Calgary Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Giardia and Giardiasis Part B written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-03-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giardia and Giardiasis Volume 107-Part B, in the Advances in Parasitology series, is dedicated to aspects of cytoskeletal structure of this parasite with an emphasis on insights of new components and their function in trophozoites. Further, microtubule function and its critical involvement in motility, attachment, mitosis and cell division as well as in transitions between developmental stages are reviewed. Also a comprehensive revision in the progress of tools to explore and understand the functional biology of Giardia, its coding and non-coding genes, features and cellular and molecular biology is contained in this volume. Additionally, an exciting perspective on the interactions between Giardia and intestinal epithelial cell by reviewing transcriptomic and proteomic investigations is included along with a state-of-the art of the understanding pathophysiology of giardiasis and of how Giardia can cause post-infectious and extra-intestinal complications. A complete review of current knowledge including commonly prescribed drugs, causes of therapeutic fails, drug resistance mechanisms, strategies for the discovery of new agents for alternative drug therapies is covered.
Download or read book Giardia written by Hugo D. Lujan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-30 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giardia is a relatively simple eukaryotic microbe, causing acute and chronic diarrhea which has been used as a model to understand complex biological processes occurring in eukaryotic cells. Further, due to its parasitic lifestyle, Giardia is an excellent system for the study of the mechanisms of adaptation and cell differentiation from the perspectives of molecular and cell biology. This book presents a comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge regarding all aspects of Giardia’s biology, including epidemiology, cell and molecular biology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and clinical treatment. It was written by internationally renowned authors, the leading researchers in the field including several chapters with techniques and resources available for the study of this microorganism. Questions that need to be addressed to fully understand the molecular mechanisms of the parasite as well as the cause of its pathology are presented. Furthermore, Giardia’s biology is compared with that of other parasites in relation to their complexity. This volume is an indispensable resource for researchers working with this parasite. It is a “must” for libraries and the bookshelves of everyone interested in the biology of parasites and early-branching eukaryotes.
Download or read book Current Topics in Malaria written by Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales and published by Intechopen. This book was released on 2016-11-30 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Malaria causes hundreds of thousands of human deaths every year, and the World Health Assembly has made it a priority. To help eliminate this disease, there is a pressing need for the development and implementation of new strategies to improve the prevention and treatment, due in part to antimalarial drug resistances. This chapter focuses on two strategies to inactivate the malaria parasite in blood, which are photodynamic therapy (PDT) and inhibition of hemozoin formation. The PDT strategy permits either a control of the proliferation of mosquito larvae to develop some photolarvicides for the prevention or a photoinactivation of the malaria parasite in red blood cells (RBCs) to minimize infection transmission by transfusion. The inhibition of hemozoin formation strategy is used for the development of new antimalarial drug by understanding its formation mechanism.
Download or read book Giardia and Cryptosporidium written by Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres and published by CABI. This book was released on 2009 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giardia and Cryptosporidium are both parasites of considerable global interest due to the gastrointestinal problems these organisms can cause in humans as well as domestic and wild animals. Despite its long history as the causative agent of giardiasis, the clinical and zoonotic significance of Giardia infections in humans and animals is only beginning to emerge with the application of molecular tools. Less is known about Cryptosporidium and studies seek to understand the impact of infection in livestock and other animals, its epidemiology and zoonotic significance. Presenting a comprehensive overview of recent research this book draws on the experience of experts in all fields of Giardia and Cryptosporidium research.
Download or read book Drug Development for Parasite induced Diarrheal Diseases written by Anjan Debnath and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the top four contributors to the global burden of disease is diarrheal infections. Intestinal parasites are major causes of morbidity and mortality associated with diarrheal diseases in both the developed and developing world. Amebiasis is responsible for 50 million cases of invasive disease and 70,000 deaths annually in the world. Giardiasis has an estimated worldwide prevalence of 280 million cases annually. In developed countries, Giardia lamblia infects about 2% of adults and 6-8% of children. The prevalence of G. lamblia infection is generally higher in developing countries, ranging from 3% to 90%. Furthermore, giardial infections contribute substantially to the 2.5 million annual deaths from diarrheal disease. In Asia, Africa, and Latin America, about 500,000 new giardiasis cases are reported each year. Cryptosporidium accounts for 20% and 9% of diarrheal episodes in children in developing and developed countries, respectively. Infection with Cryptosporidium can be chronic and especially debilitating in immunosuppressed individuals and malnourished children. A recent study to measure disease burden, based on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), found that cryptosporidiosis and amebiasis produce about 10.6 million DALYs. This exceeds the DALYs of any helminth infection currently being targeted by the World Health Organization for preventive chemotherapy. Because of its link with poverty, Giardia and Cryptosporidium were included in the WHO Neglected Diseases Initiative in 2004. E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and C. parvum have been listed by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) as category B priority biodefense pathogens due to low infectious dose and potential for dissemination through compromised food and water supplies in the United States. Despite the prevalence of amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis there are no vaccines or prophylactic drugs. The first-line drugs for invasive amebiasis and giardiasis chemotherapy are nitroimidazoles, with the prototype, metronidazole, being the most common drug used worldwide. Metronidazole has been shown to be both mutagenic in a microbiological system and carcinogenic to rodents, and frequently causes gastrointestinal side effects. In spite of the efficacy of nitroimidazole drugs, treatment failures in giardiasis occur in up to 20% of cases. Clinical resistance of G. lamblia to metronidazole is proven and cross resistance is a concern with all commonly used antigiardial drugs. Nitazoxanide, the only FDA-approved drug for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis, is effective in the treatment of immunocompetent patients and partially effective for immunosuppressed patients. Therefore, it is critical to search for more effective drugs to treat amebiasis, giardiasis, and cryptosporidiosis. This Research Topic for Frontiers in Microbiology will explore the recent progress in drug development for parasitic diarrheal diseases. This includes an understanding of drug resistance mechanisms. We would also welcome submissions on the drug development for other diarrheal parasites. We hope that this research topic will include a comprehensive survey of various attempts by the parasitology research community to create effective drugs for these diseases.
Download or read book Giardia and Giardiasis written by Guadalupe Ortega-Pierres and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Giardia and Giardiasis, Volume 106 in Advances in Parasitology series includes in the first part aspects of molecular and cellular biology of Giardia and the role of particular molecules or molecular groups in essential functions and/or trafficking in the parasite. These approaches are with the aim to explore how this parasite adapts to an ever-changing environment both within and outside of the host animal. Subsequently a comprehensive description of virulence factors secreted by Giardia, are reviewed on their cytotoxic mechanisms and roles in the pathophysiology of giardiasis, and also a description on the potential of these secreted molecules as targets for drugs is included. In the context of the immuno-pathogenesis of giardiasis a review on the data and information on innate and adaptive immunity to Giardia, is included as well as a discussion on how improved knowledge of immunity is advancing our understanding of the pathogenesis and clinical outcomes of giardiasis. The final part of this volume includes a review of the epidemiology of giardiasis in a veterinary context using molecular tools together with a discussion of the current status of the species and assemblages of Giardia, and issues surrounding the assignment of host specificity and the zoonotic potential using current molecular markers.
Download or read book Recent Progresses in Amebiasis written by Anjan Debnath and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-14 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Amebiasis, a parasitic disease transmitted by the unicellular protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica, is the cause of at least 100,000 deaths each year. The disease is mostly prevalent in developing countries and is one of the three common causes of death from parasitic diseases. The parasite has two stages in its life cycle in the host: the infective cyst and the invasive trophozoite. In the large intestine, the parasite feeds on bacteria and on cellular debris. No vaccine against amebiasis currently exists. Although metronidazole is the drug of choice for treating amebiasis, adverse effects in patients and potential resistance to metronidazole in other protozoa exist. About nine out of 10 people who are infected with E. histolytica are asymptomatic and in those individuals who develop symptoms, bloody diarrhea (amebic colitis) and liver abscess are the most common symptoms. One possible explanation for this observation is the difference in the gut microbiota between individuals that may significantly influence the host’s immune response in amebiasis and E. histolytica's virulence. Amebiasis is characterized by acute inflammation of the intestine with release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species from activated cells of the host's immune system. In recent years, significant advances on the cell biology of Entamoeba infection have been achieved through the development of new genetic tools to manipulate gene expression in the parasite and through the application of Omics tools. In this Research Topic, we welcome high quality original research articles, as well as review, opinion or method articles, on amebiasis including but not limited to the regulation of gene expression, cell biology and signaling, adaptation and resistance to environmental stresses, metabolism, pathogenesis and immunity, pathogenesis and microbiome, drug discovery and drug resistance.
Download or read book Diagnosis Epidemiology and Transmission Dynamics of Cryptosporidium Spp and Giardia Duodenalis written by David Carmena and published by Mdpi AG. This book was released on 2022-01-29 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The enteric protozoans Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are the most common diarrhoea-causing protozoan parasites worldwide. Cryptosporidium spp. is a leading cause of diarrhoea morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years of age in poor-resource settings in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. Although infection by G. duodenalis is rarely a fatal condition, giardiasis is commonly associated with childhood growth faltering and cognitive impairment. Because of their significant socioeconomic impact, particularly in low-income countries, giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis joined the "Neglected Disease Initiative" launched by the World Health Organization in 2004. Both Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis are ubiquitous in the environment and can infect a wide range of hosts with different specificities, meaning that humans may acquire the infection via waterborne, foodborne, or zoonotic transmission. Recent advances in detection and molecular epidemiology have indicated that certain species/genotypes of Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis have an expanded range of suitable hosts, suggesting that their transmission pathways are more intricate than previously thought, challenging our current notion of host specificities. Therefore, there is a clear need for more studies aiming at investigatingthat aim to investigate the frequency and molecular diversity of these parasites in humans, production and companion animals, and wildlife species. This information would be extremely useful to elucidate the transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis, and to investigate the exact contribution of zoonotic events to human infections.
Download or read book Foodborne Pathogens written by Clive de W. Blackburn and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2002 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As trends in foodborne disease continue to rise, the effective identification and control of pathogens becomes ever more important for the food industry. With its distinguished international team of contributors, Foodborne pathogens provides an authoritative and practical guide to effective control measures and how they can be applied in practice to individual pathogens. Part One looks at general techniques in assessing and managing microbiological hazards. After a review of analytical methods, there are chapters on modelling pathogen behaviour and carrying out a risk assessment as the essential foundation for effective food safety management. The following chapters then look at good management practice in key stages in the supply chain, starting with farm production. There are chapters on hygienic plant design and sanitation, and safe process design and operation which provide the foundation for a discussion of what makes for effective HACCP systems implementation. There is also a chapter on safe practices for consumers and food handlers in the retail and catering sectors.This discussion of pathogen control then provides a context for Part Two which looks at what this means in practice for key pathogens such as E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria and Campylobacter. Each chapter discusses pathogen characteristics, detection methods and control procedures. Part Three then looks at non-bacterial hazards such as viruses and parasites, as well as emerging potential 'hazards' such as Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and the increasingly important area of chronic disease. Foodborne pathogens will be widely welcomed as an essential and authoritative guide to successful pathogen control in the food industry.
Download or read book Parasitic Protozoa of Farm Animals and Pets written by Monica Florin-Christensen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth yet concise overview of the most common and emerging protozoa that cause diseases in both farm animals and companion animals. As outlined in the concise introduction, pathogenic protozoans represent an evolutionary highly diverse and little understood group of disease-causing microorganisms. For each of the featured parasitic unicellular eukaryotes, it discusses the morphology, lifecycle, epidemiology and host-pathogen interactions. In addition, the book highlights the latest developments in diagnostic methods, as well as prevention and treatment strategies. Thorough information on genomes and genetic manipulation strategies for some of the protozoa covered in this book is also included. Infections involving parasitic protozoa can cause productivity losses and/or reduce the quality of life of infected animals. Some infections are zoonotic, posing an on-going public health threat. In most cases, prevention and treatment are either non-existent or need considerable improvement. On the other hand, a great deal of research has recently been conducted on these organisms, yielding valuable new information on their global distribution and revealing the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions at the molecular level – and essential insights that can be used for the development of new control tools. This book includes extensive information on both basic aspects and recent scientific discoveries on these protozoa and thus constitutes a unique resource for students, veterinarians, and researchers alike.
Download or read book Parasite Infections From Experimental Models to Natural Systems written by Toni Aebischer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-07-06 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eukaryotic parasites (including parasitic protozoans, worms and arthropods) are more complex and heterogeneous organisms than pathogenic bacteria and viruses. This notion implies different evolutionary strategies of host exploitation. Typically, parasites establish long-term infections and induce relatively little mortality, as they often limit pathological changes by modulating host cells and downregulating adverse immune responses. Their pattern of distribution tends to be endemic rather than epidemic. Despite these seemingly benign traits, parasites usually cause substantial chronic morbidity, thus constituting an enormous socioeconomic burden in humans, particularly in resource poor countries, and in livestock worldwide. Parasite-induced fitness costs are an evolutionary force that can shape populations and contribute to species diversity. Therefore, a thorough understanding of parasites and parasitic diseases requires detailed knowledge of the respective biochemical, molecular and immunological aspects as well as of population genetics, epidemiology and ecology. This Research Topic (RT) bridges disciplines to connect molecular, immunological and wildlife aspects of parasitic infections. The RT puts emphases on four groups of parasites: Plasmodium, Toxoplasma, Giardia and intestinal helminths. Co-infections are also covered by the RT as they represent the most common form of parasite infections in wildlife and domestic animal populations. Within the four types of parasites the following topics are addressed: (1) Experimental models: hypothesis testing, translation and limits. (2) Critical appraisal of experimental models. (3) Natural systems: Technological advances for investigations in natural parasite-host systems and studies in natural systems. (4) The urgent need for better models and methods in natural parasite systems. Hence, the RT covers and illustrate by the means of four main parasitic infections the parasite-host system at the molecular, cellular and organismic level.
Download or read book Advances in Parasitology written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-12-09 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Advances in Parasitology series contains in-depth reviews on current topics of interest in contemporary parasitology. It includes medical studies on parasites of major influence, such as trypanosomiasis and scabies, and more traditional areas, such as zoology, taxonomy, and life history, which shape current thinking and applications. - Series has the second highest ISI impact factor in the parasitology group! (4.818 in 2002) - Contributors are international experts in the field
Download or read book Waterborne Zoonoses written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals (both wild and domestic) to humans. A significant number of emerging and re-emerging waterborne zoonotic pathogens have been recognised over recent decades, such as SARS, E. coli, campylobacter and cryptosporidium. This publication assesses current knowledge about waterborne zoonoses and identifies strategies and research needs for anticipating and controlling future emerging water-related diseases, in order to better protect the health of both humans and animals. It is based on the discussions of a workshop held in the United States in September 2003, which included 29 experts from 14 countries and diverse disciplines including microbiology, water epidemiology, medicine, sanitary engineering, food safety and regulatory policy.
Download or read book Hunter s Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases E Book written by Edward T Ryan and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2019-03-25 with total page 1265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New emerging diseases, new diagnostic modalities for resource-poor settings, new vaccine schedules ... all significant, recent developments in the fast-changing field of tropical medicine. Hunter's Tropical Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, 10th Edition, keeps you up to date with everything from infectious diseases and environmental issues through poisoning and toxicology, animal injuries, and nutritional and micronutrient deficiencies that result from traveling to tropical or subtropical regions. This comprehensive resource provides authoritative clinical guidance, useful statistics, and chapters covering organs, skills, and services, as well as traditional pathogen-based content. You'll get a full understanding of how to recognize and treat these unique health issues, no matter how widespread or difficult to control. - Includes important updates on malaria, leishmaniasis, tuberculosis and HIV, as well as coverage of Ebola, Zika virus, Chikungunya, and other emerging pathogens. - Provides new vaccine schedules and information on implementation. - Features five all-new chapters: Neglected Tropical Diseases: Public Health Control Programs and Mass Drug Administration; Health System and Health Care Delivery; Zika; Medical Entomology; and Vector Control – as well as 250 new images throughout. - Presents the common characteristics and methods of transmission for each tropical disease, as well as the applicable diagnosis, treatment, control, and disease prevention techniques. - Contains skills-based chapters such as dentistry, neonatal pediatrics and ICMI, and surgery in the tropics, and service-based chapters such as transfusion in resource-poor settings, microbiology, and imaging. - Discusses maladies such as delusional parasitosis that are often seen in returning travelers, including those making international adoptions, transplant patients, medical tourists, and more. - Enhanced eBook version included with purchase, which allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.
Download or read book Disease Control Priorities Third Edition Volume 2 written by Robert Black and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2016-04-11 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evaluation of reproductive, maternal, newborn, and child health (RMNCH) by the Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (DCP3) focuses on maternal conditions, childhood illness, and malnutrition. Specifically, the chapters address acute illness and undernutrition in children, principally under age 5. It also covers maternal mortality, morbidity, stillbirth, and influences to pregnancy and pre-pregnancy. Volume 3 focuses on developments since the publication of DCP2 and will also include the transition to older childhood, in particular, the overlap and commonality with the child development volume. The DCP3 evaluation of these conditions produced three key findings: 1. There is significant difficulty in measuring the burden of key conditions such as unintended pregnancy, unsafe abortion, nonsexually transmitted infections, infertility, and violence against women. 2. Investments in the continuum of care can have significant returns for improved and equitable access, health, poverty, and health systems. 3. There is a large difference in how RMNCH conditions affect different income groups; investments in RMNCH can lessen the disparity in terms of both health and financial risk.
Download or read book Ultrasound in Gastroenterology written by Paul A. Dubbins and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume in the series reflects the rapid advances that have occurred in the use of ultrasound in the investigation of gastroenterology diseases.
