Download or read book Advanced x ray multilayer waveguide optics written by Qi Zhong and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this thesis was to design novel waveguide structures, and to analyze them in view of complex phenomena of near-field propagation. For this purpose, experimental far-field measurements were used in combination with finite-difference simulations and phase retrieval methods. Two novel structures have been designed, fabricated and characterized: the waveguide array (WGA), yielding several waveguided beams in transmission, and multi-guide resonate beam couplers (RBCs), tailored to yield two or several reflected beams. Two novel structures have been designed, fabricated and characterized: the WGA, yielding several waveguided beams in transmission, and multi-guide RBCs, tailored to yield two or several reflected beams. The WGA and the multi-guide RBCs are not only distinct in the coupling geometry. A major difference is related to the fact that the WGA principle is based on the separation (non coupling) of the different transmitted wavelets, while the RBC functions are based on a strong coupling of guided radiation in several layers.
Download or read book X ray waveguide optics written by Sarah Hoffmann-Urlaub and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern x-ray sources and analysis techniques such as lens less imaging combined with phase retrieval algorithms allow for resolving structure sizes in the nanometer range. For this purpose optics have to be employed, ensuring small focal spot dimensions simultaneously with high photon densities. Furthermore, the wave front behind the optics is required to be smooth enabling for high resolution imaging. Combining all these properties, x-ray waveguides are well suited to perform this task, since the intensity distribution behind the guide is restricted in two dimensions serving as a secondary quasi point-source without wave-front aberrations, showing also a high divergence, suitable for resolving fine features. Importantly, the radiation provided by the waveguide reveals a high degree of coherence, required by many imaging techniques. The waveguide itself consists of an air-filled channel embedded in a solid matrix; typical materials are silicon, germanium or quartz. While the entrance area is nano-sized, the channel length is in the millimeter-range, this way posing challenges to fabricate high aspect ratio geometries. Since the functioning of x-ray waveguides is based on the total reflection at small incident angles, the surface roughness of the channel walls must be as low as possible to avoid scattering and hence loss of intensity. To fulfill these demanding conditions, a process scheme involving spin-coating, electron beam lithography, wet development, reactive ion etching and wafer bonding is optimized within this work. To gain deeper insights into the principle of wave guiding finite difference simulations are performed, also opening access for advanced design considerations such as gratings, tapered and curved channels, or beamsplitters, enabling for constructing novel x-ray tools as for example time delay devices or interferometers. Waveguides in all geometries are tested at synchrotron sources, accomplishing new benchmarks in x-ray optical performance. Here, the x-ray beam leaving the channel, propagates out to a pixel array detector in the far-field region. From the recorded data the intensity distribution in the near-field directly behind the waveguide is reconstructed, revealing an outstanding agreement with the simulations and electron micrographs. Since the radiation field of the waveguide is well-characterized and also tunable to meet the requirements of both the measurement setup and the sample, they are suited of a broad field of applications in coherent x-ray imaging.
Download or read book Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides written by Xingcun Colin Tong Ph.D and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-17 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive introduction to integrated optical waveguides for information technology and data communications. Integrated coverage ranges from advanced materials, fabrication, and characterization techniques to guidelines for design and simulation. A concluding chapter offers perspectives on likely future trends and challenges. The dramatic scaling down of feature sizes has driven exponential improvements in semiconductor productivity and performance in the past several decades. However, with the potential of gigascale integration, size reduction is approaching a physical limitation due to the negative impact on resistance and inductance of metal interconnects with current copper-trace based technology. Integrated optics provides a potentially lower-cost, higher performance alternative to electronics in optical communication systems. Optical interconnects, in which light can be generated, guided, modulated, amplified, and detected, can provide greater bandwidth, lower power consumption, decreased interconnect delays, resistance to electromagnetic interference, and reduced crosstalk when integrated into standard electronic circuits. Integrated waveguide optics represents a truly multidisciplinary field of science and engineering, with continued growth requiring new developments in modeling, further advances in materials science, and innovations in integration platforms. In addition, the processing and fabrication of these new devices must be optimized in conjunction with the development of accurate and precise characterization and testing methods. Students and professionals in materials science and engineering will find Advanced Materials for Integrated Optical Waveguides to be an invaluable reference for meeting these research and development goals.
Download or read book Advanced X Ray Characterization Techniques written by Zainal Arifin Ahmad and published by Trans Tech Publications Ltd. This book was released on 2012-12-13 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected, peer reviewed papers from the International Conference on X-Ray and related Technique in Research and Industry (ICXRI 2012), July 3-5, 2012, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
Download or read book Advanced Nutrition written by Carolyn D. Berdanier and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The explosion of knowledge about satiety and hunger has given new meaning to our understanding of the genetics of obesity. New interest in gene expression as related to nutrition and advances in the field of macronutrients has made the latest nutrition research intriguing. Advanced Nutrition: Macronutrients adopts an integrated approach to the understanding of macronutrient nutrition. It provides scientific foundations of the current findings on energy balance, protein need, gene expression, and carbohydrate and lipid use, and maintains emphasis on the biochemical and physiological basis for nutrient need.
Download or read book Nanoscale Photonic Imaging written by Tim Salditt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-06-09 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book, edited and authored by a team of world-leading researchers, provides a broad overview of advanced photonic methods for nanoscale visualization, as well as describing a range of fascinating in-depth studies. Introductory chapters cover the most relevant physics and basic methods that young researchers need to master in order to work effectively in the field of nanoscale photonic imaging, from physical first principles, to instrumentation, to mathematical foundations of imaging and data analysis. Subsequent chapters demonstrate how these cutting edge methods are applied to a variety of systems, including complex fluids and biomolecular systems, for visualizing their structure and dynamics, in space and on timescales extending over many orders of magnitude down to the femtosecond range. Progress in nanoscale photonic imaging in Göttingen has been the sum total of more than a decade of work by a wide range of scientists and mathematicians across disciplines, working together in a vibrant collaboration of a kind rarely matched. This volume presents the highlights of their research achievements and serves as a record of the unique and remarkable constellation of contributors, as well as looking ahead at the future prospects in this field. It will serve not only as a useful reference for experienced researchers but also as a valuable point of entry for newcomers.
Download or read book Electromagnetic Propagation and Waveguides in Photonics and Microwave Engineering written by Patrick Steglich and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-10-21 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical and microwave waveguides have attracted much research interest in both science and industry. The number of potential applications for their use is growing rapidly. This book examines recent advances in the broad field of waveguide technology. It covers current progress and latest breakthroughs in emergent applications in photonics and microwave engineering. The book includes ten contributions on recent developments in waveguide technologies including theory, simulation, and fabrication of novel waveguide concepts as well as reviews on recent advances.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Optical Engineering written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 692 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publishes papers reporting on research and development in optical science and engineering and the practical applications of known optical science, engineering, and technology.
Download or read book 21st Century Nanoscience A Handbook written by Klaus D. Sattler and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-26 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 21st Century Nanoscience - A Handbook: Nanophotonics, Nanoelectronics, and Nanoplasmonics (Volume 6) will be the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field of nanoscience. Handbook of Nanophysics by the same editor published in the fall of 2010 and was embraced as the first comprehensive reference to consider both fundamental and applied aspects of nanophysics. This follow-up project has been conceived as a necessary expansion and full update that considers the significant advances made in the field since 2010. It goes well beyond the physics as warranted by recent developments in the field. This sixth volume in a ten-volume set covers nanophotonics, nanoelectronics, and nanoplasmonics. Key Features: Provides the most comprehensive, up-to-date large reference work for the field. Chapters written by international experts in the field. Emphasises presentation and real results and applications. This handbook distinguishes itself from other works by its breadth of coverage, readability and timely topics. The intended readership is very broad, from students and instructors to engineers, physicists, chemists, biologists, biomedical researchers, industry professionals, governmental scientists, and others whose work is impacted by nanotechnology. It will be an indispensable resource in academic, government, and industry libraries worldwide. The fields impacted by nanophysics extend from materials science and engineering to biotechnology, biomedical engineering, medicine, electrical engineering, pharmaceutical science, computer technology, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, food science, and beyond.
Download or read book Nanobeam X Ray Scattering written by Julian Stangl and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-09-10 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive overview of the possibilities and potential of X-ray scattering using nanofocused beams for probing matter at the nanoscale, including guidance on the design of nanobeam experiments. The monograph discusses various sources, including free electron lasers, synchrotron radiation and other portable and non-portable X-ray sources. For scientists using synchrotron radiation or students and scientists with a background in X-ray scattering methods in general.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1992-05 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials 2003 written by A.G. Cullis and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-01-10 with total page 705 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern electronic devices rely on ever-greater miniaturization of components, and semiconductor processing is approaching the domain of nanotechnology. Studies of devices in this regime can only be carried out with the most advanced forms of microscopy. Accordingly, Microscopy of Semiconducting Materials focuses on international developments in semiconductor studies carried out by all forms of microscopy. It provides an overview of the latest instrumentation, analysis techniques, and state-of-the-art advances in semiconducting materials science for solid state physicists, chemists, and material scientists.
Download or read book Advanced Photonic Structures for Biological and Chemical Detection written by Xudong Fan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-08-29 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In my career I’ve found that ‘‘thinking outside the box’’ works better if I know what’s ‘‘inside the box.’’ Dave Grusin, composer and jazz musician Different people think in different time frames: scientists think in decades, engineers think in years, and investors think in quarters. Stan Williams, Director of Quantum Science Research, Hewlett Packard Laboratories Everything can be made smaller, never mind physics; Everything can be made more ef?cient, never mind thermodynamics; Everything will be more expensive, never mind common sense. Tomas Hirschfeld, pioneer of industrial spectroscopy Integrated Analytical Systems Series Editor: Dr. Radislav A. Potyrailo, GE Global Research, Niskayuna, NY The book series Integrated Analytical Systems offers the most recent advances in all key aspects of development and applications of modern instrumentation for che- cal and biological analysis. The key development aspects include (i) innovations in sample introduction through micro- and nano?uidic designs, (ii) new types and methods of fabrication of physical transducers and ion detectors, (iii) materials for sensors that became available due to the breakthroughs in biology, combinatorial materials science, and nanotechnology, and (iv) innovative data processing and mining methodologies that provide dramatically reduced rates of false alarms.
Download or read book Journal of the Optical Society of America written by and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 724 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports NIST research and development in the physical and engineering sciences in which the Institute is active. These include physics, chemistry, engineering, mathematics, and computer sciences. Emphasis on measurement methodology and the basic technology underlying standardization.
Download or read book Optical Waveguides written by María L. Calvo and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-03 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the theory and principles of optical waveguides have been established for more than a century, the technologies have only been realized in recent decades. Optical Waveguides: From Theory to Applied Technologies combines the most relevant aspects of waveguide theory with the study of current detailed waveguiding technologies, in particular, photonic devices, telecommunication applications, and biomedical optics. With self-contained chapters written by well-known specialists, the book features both fundamentals and applications. The first three chapters examine the theoretical foundations and bases of planar optical waveguides as well as critical optical properties such as birefringence and nonlinear optical phenomena. The next several chapters focus on contemporary waveguiding technologies that include photonic devices and telecommunications. The book concludes with discussions on additional technological applications, including biomedical optical waveguides and the potential of neutron waveguides. As optical waveguides play an increasing part in modern technology, photonics will become to the 21st century what electronics were to the 20th century. Offering both novel insights for experienced professionals and introductory material for novices, this book facilitates a better understanding of the new information era—the photonics century.
