Download or read book Adsorptive Iron Removal from Groundwater written by Sharoz Kumar Sharma and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-05-31 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pilot study conducted at the Gilze water treatment plant of Water Supply North West Brabant demonstrated that adsorptive filtration has several potential advantages over floc filtration, namely: longer filter runs due to slower head loss development; better filtrate quality; shorter ripening time; and less backwash water use. In existing groundwater treatment plants, the high iron (II) adsorption capacity of the iron oxide coated filter media makes it potentially possible to switch the governing mode of operation from floc filtration to adsorptive filtration. To achieve this two options can be considered: iron (II) adsorption under anoxic conditions followed by oxidation with oxygen-rich water; and adsorption of iron (II) in the presence of oxygen and simultaneous oxidation. The first option might be attractive specifically when two filtration steps are available.
Download or read book Application of Nanotechnology in Water Research written by Ajay Kumar Mishra and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-09 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the water research applications of nanotechnology in various areas including environmental science, remediation, membranes, nanomaterials, and water treatment At the nano size, materials often take on unique and sometimes unexpected properties that result in them being ‘tuned’ to build faster, lighter, stronger, and more efficient devices and systems, as well as creating new classes of materials. In water research, nanotechnology is applied to develop more cost-effective and high-performance water treatment systems, as well as to provide instant and continuous ways to monitor water quality. This volume presents an array of cutting-edge nanotechnology research in water applications including treatment, remediation, sensing, and pollution prevention. Nanotechnology applications for waste water research have significant impact in maintaining the long-term quality, availability, and viability of water. Regardless of the origin, such as municipal or industrial waste water, its remediation utilizing nanotechnology can not only be recycled and desalinized, but it can simultaneously detect biological and chemical contamination. Application of Nanotechnology in Water Research describes a broad area of nanotechnology and water research where membrane processes (nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, and nanoreactive membranes) are considered key components of advanced water purification and desalination technologies that remove, reduce, or neutralize water contaminants that threaten human health and/or ecosystem productivity and integrity. Various nanoparticles and nanomaterials that could be used in water remediation (zeolites, carbon nanotubes, self-assembled monolayer on mesoporous supports, biopolymers, single-enzyme nanoparticles, zero-valent iron nanoparticles, bimetallic iron nanoparticles, and nanoscale semiconductor photocatalysts) are discussed. The book also covers water-borne infectious diseases as well as water-borne pathogens, microbes, and toxicity approach.
Download or read book Fluoride Removal from Groundwater by Adsorption Technology written by Abdulai Salifu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-27 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the Eastern corridor of Northern region of Ghana, presence of high fluoride concentration in the groundwater has made many drilled boreholes unusable for drinking. Little is, however, known about the factors contributing to the occurrence of high fluoride in this part of Ghana and it's spatial distribution. Treatment of the fluoride-contaminated groundwater by adsorption is also hampered by the lack of suitable adsorbents that are locally available. Based on principal component analysis, and saturation indices calculations, this thesis highlights that, the predominant mechanisms controlling the fluoride enrichment probably include calcite precipitation and Na/Ca exchange processes, both of which deplete Ca from the groundwater, and promote the dissolution of fluorite. The mechanisms also include F-/OH-anion exchange processes, as well as evapotranspiration processes which concentrate the fluoride ions, hence increasing its concentration in the groundwater. Spatial mapping showed that the high fluoride groundwaters occur predominantly in the Saboba, Cheriponi and Yendi districts. The thesis further highlights that, modifying the surface of indigenous materials by an aluminium coating process, is a very promising approach to develop a suitable fluoride adsorbent. Aluminum oxide coated media reduced fluoride in water from 5. 0 ± 0.2 mg/L to ≤ 1.5 mg/L (which is the WHO health based guideline for fluoride), in both batch and continuous flow column experiments in the laboratory. Kinetic and isotherm studies, thermodynamic calculations, as well as analytical results from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, suggest the mechanism of fluoride adsorption onto aluminium oxide coated media involved both physisorption and chemisorption processes. Field testing in a fluoritic community in Northern Ghana showed that the adsorbent is also capable of treating fluoride-contaminated groundwater in field conditions, suggesting it is a promising defluoridation adsorbent. The adsorbent also showed good regenerability potential that would allow re-use, which could make it practically and economically viable. Additional research is, however, required to further increase the fluoride adsorption capacity of developed adsorbent.
Download or read book Manganese Removal from Groundwater written by J.H. Bruins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-03-16 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Netherlands, Belgium and other European countries, manganese is removed by conventional groundwater treatment with aeration and rapid (sand) filtration. Such a treatment process is easy to operate, cost effective and sustainable, because it does not make use of strong oxidants such as O3, Cl2, ClO2 and KMnO4 with the associated risk of by-product formation and over or under dosing. However, application of aeration-filtration is also facing drawbacks, especially the long ripening time of filter media. Due to the long ripening time, water companies have to waste large volumes of treated water, making this process less sustainable. Also, costs associated with filter media ripening (man power, electricity, operational and analysis costs) are high. Therefore decreasing the filter ripening time, regarding manganese removal is a big issue. Although already extended research has been carried out into manganese removal, the controlling mechanisms, especially of the start up face of filter media ripening, are not fully understood yet. The emphasis of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the ripening of virgin filter media, regarding manganese removal and how to shorten or completely eliminate the long ripening period of filters with virgin material. This thesis therefore highlights the role of the formation of a manganese oxide coating on virgin filter media. Characterization and identification revealed that the responsible manganese oxide for an effective manganese removal was Birnessite. It was found that Birnessite, formed at the beginning of the ripening process was of a biological origin. Based on the knowledge that manganese removal in conventional groundwater treatment is initiated biologically, long ripening times may be reduced by creating conditions favouring the growth of manganese oxidizing bacteria, e.g., by limiting the back wash frequency and / or intensity. Additionally, this thesis also shows that the use of freshly prepared manganese oxide, containing Birnessite, can completely eliminate filter media ripening time.
Download or read book Groundwater Geochemistry written by Sughosh Madhav and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-06-14 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book contains both practical and theoretical aspects of groundwater resources relating to geochemistry. Focusing on recent research in groundwater resources, this book helps readers to understand the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater resources. Dealing primarily with the sources of ions in groundwater, the book describes geogenic and anthropogenic input of ions into water. Different organic, inorganic and emerging contamination and salinity problems are described, along with pollution-related issues affecting groundwater. New trends in groundwater contamination remediation measures are included, which will be particularly useful to researchers working in the field of water conservation. The book also contains diverse groundwater modelling examples, enabling a better understanding of water-related issues and their management. Groundwater Geochemistry: Pollution and Remediation offers the reader: An understanding of the quantitative and qualitative challenges of groundwater resources An introduction to the environmental geochemistry of groundwater resources A survey of groundwater pollution-related issues Recent trends in groundwater conservation and remediation Mathematical and statistical modeling related to groundwater resources Students, lecturers and researchers working in the fields of hydrogeochemistry, water pollution and groundwater will find Groundwater Geochemistry an essential companion.
Download or read book Adsorption from Aqueous Solution written by and published by . This book was released on 1968 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Arsenic III Oxidation and Removal from Drinking Water written by Phyllis Frank and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World written by Yongguan Zhu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with significant societal impact. The Congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Biennial Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia (Spain), As2010 in Tainan (Chinese Taiwan), As2012 in Cairns (Australia), As2014 in Buenos Aires (Argentina) and As2016 in Stockholm (Sweden). The 7th International Congress As2018 was held July 1-6, 2018, in Beijing, P. R. China and was entitled Environmental Arsenic in a Changing World. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research aligned on the following themes: Theme 1: Arsenic Behaviour in Changing Environmental Media Theme 2: Arsenic in a Changing Agricultural Ecosystem Theme 3: Health Impacts of Environmental Arsenic Theme 4: Technologies for Arsenic Immobilization and Clean Water Blueprints Theme 5: Sustainable Mitigation and Management Arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as an issue of global health concern. During last decade, the presence of arsenic in rice, possibly also other food of plant origins, has attained increasing attention. This is particularly true in the Asian countries, where the use of high arsenic groundwater as source of irrigation water and drinking water has been flagged as severe health concern. This has been accentuated by elevating arsenic concentrations in deep groundwater recharged from shallow high arsenic groundwater, which may have further detrimental effects on public health. Notably, China has been in the forefront of research on arsenic biogeochemical cycling, health effects of arsenic, technologies for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures. The Congress has attracted professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research on arsenic in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, research institutions, government and non-governmental agencies, industries, and civil society organizations to share an optimal ambience for exchange of knowledge.
Download or read book Behavior of Metals in Soils written by Joan E. McLean and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adsorption Processes for Water Treatment and Purification written by Adrián Bonilla-Petriciolet and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides researchers and graduate students with an overview of the latest developments in and applications of adsorption processes for water treatment and purification. In particular, it covers current topics in connection with the modeling and design of adsorption processes, and the synthesis and application of cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of relevant aquatic pollutants. The book describes recent advances and alternatives to improve the performance and efficacy of this water purification technique. In addition, selected chapters are devoted to discussing the reliable modeling and analysis of adsorption data, which are relevant for real-life applications to industrial effluents and groundwater. Overall, the book equips readers with a general perspective of the potential that adsorption processes hold for the removal of emerging water pollutants. It can readily be adopted as part of special courses on environmental engineering, adsorption and water treatment for upper undergraduate and graduate students. Furthermore, the book offers a valuable resource for researchers in water production control, as well as for practitioners interested in applying adsorption processes to real-world problems in water treatment and related areas.
Download or read book Iron Nanomaterials for Water and Soil Treatment written by Marta I. Litter and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanotechnology has a great potential for providing efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally acceptable solutions to face the increasing requirements on quality and quantity of fresh water for industrial, agricultural, or human use. Iron nanomaterials, either zerovalent iron (nZVI) or iron oxides (nFeOx), present key physicochemical properties that make them particularly attractive as contaminant removal agents for water and soil cleaning. The large surface area of these nanoparticles imparts high sorption capacity to them, along with the ability to be functionalized for the enhancement of their affinity and selectivity. However, one of the most important properties is the outstanding capacity to act as redox-active materials, transforming the pollutants to less noxious chemical species by either oxidation or reduction, such as reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) and dehalogenation of hydrocarbons. This book focuses on the methods of preparation of iron nanomaterials that can carry out contaminant removal processes and the use of these nanoparticles for cleaning waters and soils. It carefully explains the different aspects of the synthesis and characterization of iron nanoparticles and methods to evaluate their ability to remove contaminants, along with practical deployment. It overviews the advantages and disadvantages of using iron-based nanomaterials and presents a vision for the future of this nanotechnology. While this is an easy-to-understand book for beginners, it provides the latest updates to experts of this field. It also opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers, scientists, and undergraduate and postgraduate students. Although there are a number of books published on the subject of nanomaterials, not too many of them are especially devoted to iron materials, which are rather of low cost, are nontoxic, and can be prepared easily and envisaged to be used in a large variety of applications. The literature has scarce reviews on preparation of iron nanoparticles from natural sources and lacks emphasis on the different processes, such as adsorption, redox pathways, and ionic exchange, taking place in the removal of different pollutants. Reports and mechanisms on soil treatment are not commonly found in the literature. This book opens a multidisciplinary scope for engineers and scientists and also for undergraduate or postgraduate students.
Download or read book Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment written by Norihito Tambo and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2020-11-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based upon half a century of research by the authors, Physical and Chemical Separation in Water and Wastewater Treatment addresses the whole water cycle spectrum, from global hydrological cycle, urban-regional metabolic cycle to individual living and production cycle, with respect to quality control technology based on fundamental science and theories. For every treatment process, basic scientific and environmental physical and chemical natures are explained with respect to those of water and its impurities. Health danger and risks for human beings are also covered. The authors define water qualities on a “Water Quality Matrix” composed of 35 elements. The vertical axis (row), has individual 7digit impurity size from 10-10m (water molecule 3?) to 10-3m (0.1mm sand grains) and in the horizontal axis(column) there are 5 categories of surrogate chemical and biochemical quality indices. The same 35 element matrix is used to correspond with several typical water quality treatments, unit-operation/unit-process, with a suitable characteristic grouping of the elements. The authors then present “the Water Quality Conversion Matrix” or “Water Quality Treatment Matrix”. With respect to typical treatment processes, the basic concept and scientific background are explained and the background of the technologies is clarified. Mechanisms of the process are explained and a kinetic process is formulated. The kinetics are experimentally verified quantitatively with important equilibrium and rate constants. Based on the authors’ research, various new treatment technologies are proposed with high efficiency, high capacity and less energy, and with steady operation ability. This comprehensive reference book is intended for undergraduate and graduate students, and also serves as a guide book for practical engineers and industry and university researchers.
Download or read book Response Surfaces Mixtures and Ridge Analyses written by George E. P. Box and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-01-22 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authority on building empirical models and the fitting of such surfaces to data—completely updated and revised Revising and updating a volume that represents the essential source on building empirical models, George Box and Norman Draper—renowned authorities in this field—continue to set the standard with the Second Edition of Response Surfaces, Mixtures, and Ridge Analyses, providing timely new techniques, new exercises, and expanded material. A comprehensive introduction to building empirical models, this book presents the general philosophy and computational details of a number of important topics, including factorial designs at two levels; fitting first and second-order models; adequacy of estimation and the use of transformation; and occurrence and elucidation of ridge systems. Substantially rewritten, the Second Edition reflects the emergence of ridge analysis of second-order response surfaces as a very practical tool that can be easily applied in a variety of circumstances. This unique, fully developed coverage of ridge analysis—a technique for exploring quadratic response surfaces including surfaces in the space of mixture ingredients and/or subject to linear restrictions—includes MINITAB® routines for performing the calculations for any number of dimensions. Many additional figures are included in the new edition, and new exercises (many based on data from published papers) offer insight into the methods used. The exercises and their solutions provide a variety of supplementary examples of response surface use, forming an extremely important component of the text. Response Surfaces, Mixtures, and Ridge Analyses, Second Edition presents material in a logical and understandable arrangement and includes six new chapters covering an up-to-date presentation of standard ridge analysis (without restrictions); design and analysis of mixtures experiments; ridge analysis methods when there are linear restrictions in the experimental space including the mixtures experiments case, with or without further linear restrictions; and canonical reduction of second-order response surfaces in the foregoing general case. Additional features in the new edition include: New exercises with worked answers added throughout An extensive revision of Chapter 5: Blocking and Fractionating 2k Designs Additional discussion on the projection of two-level designs into lower dimensional spaces This is an ideal reference for researchers as well as a primary text for Response Surface Methodology graduate-level courses and a supplementary text for Design of Experiments courses at the upper-undergraduate and beginning-graduate levels.
Download or read book Phenolic Compounds written by Marcos Soto-Hernández and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2017-03-15 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Phenolic compounds as a large class of metabolites found in plants have attracted attention since long time ago due to their properties and the hope that they will show beneficial health effects when taken as dietary supplements. This book presents the state of the art of some of the natural sources of phenolic compounds, for example, medicinal plants, grapes or blue maize, as well as the modern methods of extraction, quantification, and identification, and there is a special section discussing the treatment, removal, and degradation of phenols, an important issue in those phenols derived from the pharmaceutical or petrochemical industries.
Download or read book Magnetic Nanomaterials written by Yanglong Hou and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-10-23 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Timely and comprehensive, this book presents recent advances in magnetic nanomaterials research, covering the latest developments, including the design and preparation of magnetic nanoparticles, their physical and chemical properties as well as their applications in different fields, including biomedicine, magnetic energy storage, wave-absorbing and water remediation. By allowing researchers to get to the forefront developments related to magnetic nanomaterials in various disciplines, this is invaluable reading for the nano, magnetic, energy, medical, and environmental communities.
Download or read book Fate of Arsenic in the Environment written by M. Feroze Ahmed and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chiefly includes papers with reference to Bangladesh.
Download or read book Surface Complexation Modeling written by David A. Dzombak and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1991-01-16 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides a description of the thermodynamic model, data treatment procedures and the thermodynamic constants for hydrous ferric oxide. Includes detailed coverage of the model and the parameter extraction procedure.
