Download or read book Adsorption Properties of Lignin derived Activated Carbon Fibers LACF written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The object of this CRADA project between Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) and United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) is the characterization of lignin-derived activated carbon fibers (LACF) and determination of their adsorption properties for volatile organic compounds (VOC). Carbon fibers from lignin raw materials were manufactured at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the technology previously developed at ORNL. These fibers were physically activated at ORNL using various activation conditions, and their surface area and pore-size distribution were characterized by gas adsorption. Based on these properties, ORNL did down-select five differently activated LACF materials that were delivered to UTRC for measurement of VOC adsorption properties. UTRC used standard techniques based on breakthrough curves to measure and determine the adsorption properties of indoor air pollutants (IAP) - namely formaldehyde and carbon dioxide - and to verify the extent of saturated fiber regenerability by thermal treatments. The results are summarized as follows: (1) ORNL demonstrated that physical activation of lignin-derived carbon fibers can be tailored to obtain LACF with surface areas and pore size distributions matching the properties of activated carbon fibers obtained from more expensive, fossil-fuel precursors; (2) UTRC investigated the LACF potential for use in air cleaning applications currently pursued by UTRC, such as building ventilation, and demonstrated their regenerability for CO2 and formaldehyde, (3) Both partners agree that LACF have potential for possible use in air cleaning applications.
Download or read book Sustainable Lignin for Carbon Fibers Principles Techniques and Applications written by Emmanuel Isaac Akpan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 460 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to provide wide understanding of lignin carbon fiber processes, chemistry, mechanisms, and techniques that will help in further development of lignin carbon fiber for automobile, aerospace, marine, and sports equipment applications. Each step in the processing of lignin carbon fibers is presented as a separate chapter so that issues concerning the processes are exhaustively discussed. Basic scientific principles governing each stage of lignin carbon fiber processing, current state of research and mechanisms behind the processes are illustrated for better understanding. This is the first book to address the entire scope of lignin carbon fiber processing including; extraction, quantification, purification, melt processing, stabilization, carbonization, optimization of processes, and characterization. Presents detailed information on the chemistry, processing, principles and properties of bio-sourced lignin for carbon fiber production; Highlights techniques of recovery and properties of lignin from agricultural waste sources; Addresses applications in automobile, aircraft, marine, and sport industries; Provides insight into the lignin complex macromolecular system, the role of lignin chemistry as it relates to carbon fiber production and the evolution of lignin carbon fiber structure during processing.
Download or read book Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles written by Jonathan Y Chen and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-08-05 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Activated Carbon Fiber and Textiles provides systematic coverage of the fundamentals, properties, and current and emerging applications of carbon fiber textiles in a single volume, providing industry professionals and academics working in the field with a broader understanding of these materials. Part I discusses carbon fiber principles and production, including precursors and pyrolysis, carbon fiber spinning, and carbonization and activation. Part II provides more detailed analysis of the key properties of carbon fiber textiles, including their thermal, acoustic, electrical, adsorption, and mechanical behaviors. The final section covers applications of carbon fiber such as filtration, energy protection, and energy and gas storage. - Features input from an editor who is an expert in his field: Professor Jonathan Chen has a wealth of experience in the area of activated carbon fiber materials - Provides systematic and comprehensive coverage of the key aspects of activated carbon fiber textiles, from their principles, processing, and properties to their industrial applications - Offers up-to-date coverage of new technology for the fiber and textiles industries - Covers applications such as filtration, energy protection, and energy and gas storage
Download or read book Properties of Activated Carbon Produced from Hydrolysis Lignin written by Wen-Chung Tai and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Fibre from Lignin written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents detailed information on the production and properties of carbon fibers derived from lignin precursors. Focusing on future directions in the carbon fiber industry, it also introduces a novel process for obtaining high-purity lignin, a key aspect in the manufacture of high-quality carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is currently the most preferred lightweight manufacturing material and is rapidly becoming the material of choice for manufacturers around the world. Although more than 80% of commercial carbon fiber is estimated to use PAN (polyacrylonitrile) as a precursor, carbon fiber manufactured from PAN is expensive and therefore its application is limited to high-performance structural materials. Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in nature after cellulose and offers a carbon-rich, renewable resource. As a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry and the production of cellulosic ethanol, lignin is also available at low cost, making it an economically attractive alternative to PAN for the production of carbon fibers, as highlighted in this book. The information presented will be of interest to all those involved in the investigation of carbon fiber materials, carbon fiber manufacturers and carbon fiber users.
Download or read book The Role of Micropore Size and Chemical Nature of the Pore Surface on the Adsorption Properties of Activated Carbon Fibers written by Kenneth Lee Foster and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Carbon Fibre from Lignin written by Pratima Bajpai and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemically Modified Carbon Fibers and Their Applications written by Igorʹ Nikolaevich Ermolenko and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Fibers ACFs for Toluene written by Jo Anne Goot Balanay and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Lignin Derived Advanced Carbon Materials written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lignin is a highly abundant source of renewable carbon that can be considered as a valuable sustainable source of biobased materials. By applying specific pretreatments and manufacturing methods, it has been found that lignin can be converted into a variety of value-added carbon materials. However, the physical and chemical heterogeneities of lignin complicate its use as a feedstock. Herein, we discuss the lignin manufacturing process, the effects of pretreatments and manufacturing methods on the properties of product lignin, and structure-property relationships in various applications of lignin-derived carbon materials, such as carbon fibers, carbon mats, activated carbons, carbon films, and templated carbon.
Download or read book Value added Lignin Based Carbon Fiber from Organoslav Fractionation of Poplar and Switchgrass written by Andreas Attwenger and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon fibers have unique properties that include high strength, low density and excellent chemical and thermal resistance. However, they have a low level of utilization because of their high price; typically around $30/kg for an entry level polyacrylonitrile (PAN) based carbon fiber. Low-cost carbon fibers derived from lignin are currently being investigated at the University of Tennessee, because using lignin as a precursor could significantly reduce production costs. Lignins obtained from the pulp and paper and the emerging biofuel industries have the potential to be used for carbon fiber production, however, they are typically unsuitable because of the high levels of impurity and variable thermal properties. This research study examines the potential of a novel organosolv process to provide high purity lignin for carbon fiber production. This fractionation separates woody and herbaceous bioenergy crops into their three main components: cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, each of which can be used within the biorefinery for the production of fuels or chemicals. In this program, organosolv derived lignin from both tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and Alamo switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) were recovered and compared as starting materials for carbon fiber. The organosolv derived lignin was analyzed using several different methods to assess quality differences for potential carbon fiber manufacture. Their purities, chemical structures, consistencies, thermal, and carbonization properties were evaluated and lignin exhibiting optimal properties was used for fiber spinning and conversion to carbon fiber. Lignin exhibiting the best thermal performance was achieved by isolation at 150°C to 170°C with an acid concentration of 0.05 and 0.1 M H2SO4, and a fractionation time of 120 and 180 minutes. Organosolv fractionation conditions and their influence on the properties of lignin-based carbon fiber are presented in this thesis.
Download or read book The Transport Properties of Activated Carbon Fibers written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The transport properties of activated isotropic pitch-based carbon fibers with surface area 1000 m2/g have been investigated. We report preliminary results on the electrical conductivity, the magnetoresistance, the thermal conductivity and the thermopower of these fibers as a function of temperature. Comparisons are made to transport properties of other disordered carbons. 19 refs., 4 figs.
Download or read book Fabrication and Application of Advanced Functional Materials from Lignincellulosic Biomass written by Sixiao Hu and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation explored the conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into advanced functional materials and their potential applications. Lignocellulosic biomass represents an as-of-yet underutilized renewable source for not only biofuel production but also functional materials fabrication. This renewable source is a great alternative for fossile fuel based chemicals, which could be one of the solutions to energy crisis. In this work, it was demonstrated a variety of advanced materials including functional carbons, metal and silica nanoparticles could be derived from lignocellulosic biomass. Chapter 1 provided overall reviewed of the lignin structures, productions and its utilizations as plastics, absorbents and carbons, as well as the preparation of nano-structured silver, silica and silicon carbide/nitride from biomass. Chapter 2, 3 and 4 discussed the fabrication of highly porous carbons from isolated lignin, and their applications as electric supercapacitors for energy storage. In chapter 2, ultrafine porous carbon fibers were prepared via electrospinning followed by simultaneous carbonization and activation. Chapter 3 covered the fabrication of supercapacitor based on the porous carbon fibers and the investigation of their electrochemical performances. In chapter 4, porous carbon particulates with layered carbon nano plates structures were produced by simple oven-drying followed by simultaneous carbonization and activation. The effects of heat processing parameters on the resulting carbon structures and their electrochemical properties were discussed in details. Chapter 5 and 6 addressed the preparation of silver nanoparticles using lignin. Chapter 5 reported the synthesis, underlying kinetics and mechanism of monodispersed silver nanospheres with diameter less than 25 nm in aqueous solutions using lignin as dual reducing and capping agents. Chapter 6 covered the preparation of silver nanoparticles on electrospun celluloses ultrafine fibers using lignin as both binding and reducing agents. The efficiency of this synthetic protocol and the properties of resulting particles were examined. Chapter 7 reported the streamlined extraction of lignin/hemicelluloses and silica from rice straw and their subsequent conversion to activated carbon and monodispersed silica particles.
Download or read book Activated Carbon written by Harry Marsh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-07-12 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent years have seen an expansion in speciality uses of activated carbons including medicine, filtration, and the purification of liquids and gaseous media. Much of current research and information surrounding the nature and use of activated carbon is scattered throughout various literature, which has created the need for an up-to-date comprehensive and integrated review reference. In this book, special attention is paid to porosities in all forms of carbon, and to the modern-day materials which use activated carbons - including fibres, clothes, felts and monoliths. In addition, the use of activated carbon in its granular and powder forms to facilitate usage in liquid and gaseous media is explored. Activated Carbon will make essential reading for Material Scientists, Chemists and Engineers in academia and industry. - Characterization of porosity - The surface chemistry of the carbons - Methods of activation and mechanisms of adsorptio - Computer modelling of structure and porosity within carbons - Modern instrumental analytical methods
Download or read book Principles of Food Chemistry written by John M. DeMan and published by Westport, Conn. : Avi Publishing Company. This book was released on 1980 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing 2 Volume Set written by Nirmal K. Sinha and published by John Wiley and Sons. This book was released on 2007-04-27 with total page 2317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Handbook of Food Products Manufacturing is a definitive master reference, providing an overview of food manufacturing in general, and then covering the processing and manufacturing of more than 100 of the most common food products. With editors and contributors from 24 countries in North America, Europe, and Asia, this guide provides international expertise and a truly global perspective on food manufacturing.
Download or read book Surfaces of Nanoparticles and Porous Materials written by James A. Schwarz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1999-01-21 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This innovative reference collects state-of-the-art procedures for the construction and design of nanoparticles and porous material while suggesting appropriate areas of application. Presenting both synthesis and characterization protocols, Surfaces of Nanoparticles and Porous Materials contains over 3000 references, tables, equations, drawings, and photographs. It examines the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption involving organic and inorganic liquids, solids, and gaseous media.. Topics include characterization, transport processes, diffusion, and the adsorption of heavy metals, ions, proteins, and pharmaceutical organics.
