Download or read book Additives admixtures characterisation techniques written by Harald Justnes and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 736 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book PRO 23 International RILEM Conference on Early Age Cracking in Cementitious Systems EAC 01 written by Arnon Bentur and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2002 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Heritage weathering and conservation 2006 written by Rafael Fort and published by Editorial CSIC - CSIC Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation of cultural heritage is a major commitment for all countries around the world, since it is a complex task and a matter of great responsibility. Amongst other sectors of society, science has a contribution to make to heritage preservation. This book is the result of the international conference Heritage, Weathering and Conservation (HWC2006), held in Madrid, Spain, in 2006. It brought together prominent scientists and professionals from a variety of disciplines who have been active in the field and have raised the profile of heritage preservation. The main aspects addressed at this conference were those related to the causes of decay of cultural materials (stone, ceramics, metals, paintings, mortars, timber, adobes, etc); the characterization of their properties and the assessment of analytical techniques for their study, with a focus on non-destructive techniques. Many of the studies stress the importance of salt crystallization, atmospheric pollution and biodeterioration and relate these specific factors to decay. A variety of case studies are included, as well as an examination of policies and management. This book will be useful to professionals and scientists working in a variety of fields related to heritage: geologists, geographers, chemists, physicists, biologists, architects, engineers, restorers, historians, archaeologists, policy makers and the general public.
Download or read book Salt Deterioration of Historic Mortars in Tropical Climate Analysis and Characterisation written by Isabela Wilfred Mtani and published by kassel university press GmbH. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contribution of this study to the general body of knowledge is in providing an understanding of the thermodynamic behaviour of soluble salt mixtures in historic buildings located in the tropical marine zone of Tanzania. This tropical zone is found in the eastern part of the country along the Indian Ocean coast. This research is geared towards informing the general public, most of whom believe that salt crystallisation is the main cause of historic buildings deteriorating. This belief emanates from the understanding that historic buildings in a marine environment are highly susceptible to salt crystallisation, more so because they tend to receive daily oceanic spray which contains salt. The problem is aggravated by the encroachment of the ocean on these buildings. Salt crystallisation on these structures is further complicated by air pollution owing to rapid urbanisation in these areas. It is worth noting that salt crystallisation is an extremely complex process and its effect depend on many variables including climate. Ten historic buildings involved in this study are located in three different areas of the country. Eight historic buildings are located in the tropical climate 1 - 200 m from the Indian Ocean, and two historic buildings are located in inland Tanzania 190 km and 589 km from the ocean. These two historic buildings experience a modified tropical climate and semi-arid climate. The criteria for selecting the buildings considered variations and the extent of salt deterioration in different parts of the country.
The main goal of the study was to embark on a detailed analysis of the salt deterioration on Tanzanian historic buildings which has not hitherto been fully investigated and to provide a sustainable solution to the problem through climate control. This solution is needed, since there is no approved conservation programme and as a result of existing government budgetary constraints, very little conservation research has been done on any site or monuments except those registered under UNESCO. The research results of this project contributes to solving the existing monument research gap, thereby stimulating the initiation of a sustainable restoration programme, together with the provision of the much needed government research tools. This research provides information on the type of construction and building materials used during the construction of these buildings. Such information is vital in salt analysis and in futurerestoration, conservation and consolidation of these buildings, which provides a substantial income to the country through the tourist industry. There are also other factors like the preservation of the history and culture of the country and job creation.
The abundance of chloride (Cl-) ions of magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), and potasium (K+) in these buildings as identified by this study explains the survival of the historic buildings in the tropical marine areas of Tanzania. These ions can lead to the formation of halite (NaCl), sylvite (KCl), bischofite (MgCl2•6H2O), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) and antarcticite (CaCl2•6H2O), depending on their presence and quantity in the walls of historic buildings. The results of ECOS/RUNSALT program indicate that salt is not the major problem because the major ions hitherto detected form salts like halite and sylvite, are mostly in liquid form. Under a high evaporation rate these salts easily migrate to the surface of the building’s walls whereby a supersaturated solution is formed leading to surface crystallisation. The surface crystallisation is evident in salt profile analysis by photospectrometry, whereby the quantity of soluble salt ions decreases with depth. The detachment of protective rendering, the peeling off of paint and efflorescence in the investigated historic buildings in tropical marine areas of Tanzania is evidence of surface crystallisation. Mirabilite (Na2SO4•10H2O), gypsum (CaSO4•2H2O) and epsomite (MgSO4•7H2O) can crystallize in tropical areas. The SO42- and NO3- ions detected in these buildings are so scanty as not to cause ionic interactions needed for the formation of destructive sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) except in the Cooperation Building where SO42- is as high as 1.8 % w/w. However, this is not a trivial problem and should not be ignored, especially because of the destructive nature of Na2SO4 and the increase in air pollution.
Laboratory simulation of the three environmental conditions using two salts, Na2SO4 and NaCl, provided similar results on the exposure of lime mortar samples in 50% Relative Humidity (RH) and 20oC; 75% RH and 28oC and 85% RH and 28oC. Samples exposed to 85% RH and 28oC in a controlled environment showed enormous deterioration due to crystallisation of Na2SO4.
Subsequently, NaCl is the major salt and is always in the solution. Reducing this salt is necessary to avoid associated damage like the formation of microorganisms. Thehygroscopic nature of NaCl retards the drying of materials, hence keeping the walls moist all the time, creating a conducive environment for biocolonisation. Routine desalination is necessary to keep the wall dry. In future, Na2SO4 and magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) will be a problem. Therefore, the RH within a building located in a tropical marine environment should be protected from frequent RH variations to prevent the damage associated with sulphate salts, that is only if the current trend of air pollution (i.e. an increase of 6% (WHO, 2014)) is mantained or increased.
Download or read book Production Methods and Workability of Concrete written by P.J.M. Bartos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-06-02 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Practical production of ordinary and special, high performance concretes and their behaviour and properties when fresh are the main themes of this book. It derives from the International RILEM Conference held in Paisley, Scotland in June 1996, and represents the culmination of the work of two RILEM Technical Committees (145 WSM Workability of Special Mixes, and 150 ECM Efficiency of Concrete Mixers). Very significant advances have been made recently in the development of concrete with outstanding properties. Such advances in research must be matched by progress in the technology of concrete production. This book focuses on production methods and on workability and handling, two fundamental and closely linked stages of the concrete construction process. It has a strongly practical emphasis, with many contributions showing how to build effectively using the many high performance concretes which have progressed from research into construction in recent years. The main themes covered are: production mixers and mixing processes; production methods; sprayed and very dry precasting mixes; fibre reinforced concrete; flowing and superfluid mixes; rheology; test methods; mix design and models; special cements and concretes.
Download or read book 2nd fib Congress in Naples Italy Vol2 written by FIB – International Federation for Structural Concrete and published by FIB - Féd. Int. du Béton. This book was released on 2006-06-01 with total page 804 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fly Ash Silica Fume Slag and Natural Pozzolans in Concrete written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Concrete Admixtures Handbook written by V.S. Ramachandran and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 1996-12-31 with total page 1183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the publication of the first edition ten years ago, significant developments have occurred in the use of admixtures in concrete. Eight new chapters and a full update of the preceding ten chapters bring this book up to date; reflecting the relative advances made in the science and technology of different groups of admixtures. The increased role and development of admixtures in concrete technology is evidenced by a number of conferences, publications, and novel admixtures available in the market place. These developments in the field caused the modification of many chapters in the first edition in order to reflect the advances. Although individual chapters refer to standards and specifications of admixtures, those only interested in the standards or techniques used in investigating admixtures will find the second chapter (Research Technologies, Standards, and Specifications) useful. Admixtures are not as inert as may be presumed. They may chemically interact with the constituents of concrete and affect the properties of the fresh and hardened concrete and its durability. The third chapter deals with these aspects. It was important to devote a chapter to recent attempts in developing new admixtures.
Download or read book Computational Methods and Experiments in Materials Characterization III written by C. A. Brebbia and published by WIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, engineering materials could be characterized successfully using relatively simple testing procedures. As materials technology advances, interest is growing in materials possessing complex meso-, micro- and nano-structures, which to a large extent determine their physical properties and behaviour. The purposes of materials modelling are many: optimization, investigation of failure, simulation of production processes, to name but a few. Modelling and characterisation are closely intertwined, increasingly so as the complexity of the material increases. Characterisation, in essence, is the connection between the abstract material model and the real-world behaviour of the material in question. Characterisation of complex materials therefore may require a combination of experimental techniques and computation. This book publishes papers presented at the Third International Conference on Computational Methods and Experiments in Material Characterisation.Topics covered include: Composites; Ceramics; Alloys; Cements and Cement Based Materials; Biomaterials; Thin Films and Coatings; Advanced Materials; Imaging Analysis; Thermal Analysis; New Methods; Surface Chemistry, Nano Indentation; Continuum Methods; Particle Models; Damage Mechanics; Innovative Techniques; Stochastic Methods.
Download or read book Report 28 Characterisation of Old Mortars with Respect to their Repair State of the Art Report of RILEM Technical Committee 167 COM written by C. Groot and published by RILEM Publications. This book was released on 2007 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accelerated Pavement Testing written by Athar Saeed and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2003 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Ground Characterization and Foundations written by C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-09-26 with total page 819 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprises the select proceedings of the Indian Geotechnical Conference (IGC) 2020. The contents focus on recent developments in geotechnical engineering for a sustainable tomorrow. The book covers the topics related to traditional and latest methods in characterisation of ground at construction sites, recent technological developments/ advances in design of shallow and deep foundations in different subsoil conditions.
Download or read book Second RILEM International Conference on Earthen Construction written by Christopher Beckett and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematical Modeling of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer in Petroleum Industries and Geothermal Applications written by Mehrdad Massoudi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2020-04-16 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Geothermal energy is the thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth's core, mantle, and crust. Geothermal technologies are used to generate electricity and to heat and cool buildings. To develop accurate models for heat and mass transfer applications involving fluid flow in geothermal applications or reservoir engineering and petroleum industries, a basic knowledge of the rheological and transport properties of the materials involved (drilling fluid, rock properties, etc.)—especially in high-temperature and high-pressure environments—are needed. This Special Issue considers all aspects of fluid flow and heat transfer in geothermal applications, including the ground heat exchanger, conduction and convection in porous media. The emphasis here is on mathematical and computational aspects of fluid flow in conventional and unconventional reservoirs, geothermal engineering, fluid flow, and heat transfer in drilling engineering and enhanced oil recovery (hydraulic fracturing, CO2 injection, etc.) applications.
Download or read book Growth And Characterization Of Some Alkali Metal Doped Urea Thiourea Nlo Crystals written by Dr P Saritha and published by Archers & Elevators Publishing House. This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Characterization and Analysis of Expansive Soils and Rocks written by Laureano R. Hoyos and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-07-11 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume includes a collection of technical papers covering two important research topics in geotechnical engineering: (1) the behavior and treatment of expansive soils, and (2) the characterization of rock properties. The twelve studies on expansive soils include investigations into novel stabilization techniques for expansive soils using different admixtures or mechanical consolidation techniques, as well as new experimental approaches to evaluate the behavior of expansive soils. They also include an evaluation of wetting boundary conditions on the volume change of expansive soils, as well as the role of hydrologic boundary conditions in arid climates. The four studies on rock properties include thermo-hydro-mechanical behavior of gypsum rock, role of rock strength in blastability, indirect methods to estimate rock strength, and variations in isotope distributions in Permian rocks. The two broad themes in this collection, as summarized above, are representative of local challenges facing geotechnical engineers in the Middle East, but their contributions can also be extended to other regions of the world. This volume is part of the proceedings of the 1st GeoMEast International Congress and Exhibition on Sustainable Civil Infrastructures, Egypt 2017.
Download or read book From Colloids to Nanotechnology written by Miklos Zrinyi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2004-06-05 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the 8th Conference on Colloid Chemistry. It was hosted by the Hungarian Chemical Society and organized by Budapest University of Technology and Economics and was held in Keszthely, Hungary in September 2002. A colloidal approach to nano science was one of the main topics of the meeting. It was revealed that the colloid science provides a strong background of the modern material science and nanotechnology. This volume is intended for professionals doing fundamental research or development of industrial applications, who encounter colloid particles, colloid structures, and interface phenomena during their work.
