Download or read book A Study of the Susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking of AISI 1018 Carbon Steel Under Low NO2 air Aqueous Environment written by Hou-Chen Wu and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of AISI No 1018 Steel in Low SO2 CO2 O2 Aqueous Environments written by John J. Wodarcyk and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking written by Warren E. Berry and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion New Approaches written by H. L. Craig and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1976 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking written by G. M. Ugiansky and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1979 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book ACS Directory of Graduate Research 1993 written by American Chemical Society. Committee on Professional Training and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking of High strength Stainless Steels in Atmospheric Environments written by C. J. Slunder and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking written by Russell H. Jones and published by ASM International(OH). This book was released on 1992 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Details the many conditions under which stress-corrosion cracking (SCC) can occur, the parameters which control SCC, and the methodologies for mitigating and testing for SCC, plus information on mechanisms of SCC with experimental data on a variety of materials. Contains information about environmen
Download or read book MECHANISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CAUSTIC CRACKING OF CARBON STEELS written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Liquid waste generated by the PUREX process for separation of nuclear materials is concentrated and stored in Type IV single-shell carbon steel tanks at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The Type IV tanks for this waste do not have cooling coils and have not undergone heat treatment to stress-relieve the tanks. After the waste is concentrated by evaporation, it becomes very alkaline and can cause stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and pitting corrosion of the tank materials. SRS has experienced leakage from non-stress-relieved waste tanks constructed of A285 carbon steel and pitting of A212 carbon steel tanks in the vapor space. An investigation of tank materials has been undertaken at SRS to develop a basic understanding of caustic SCC of A285 and A212 grade carbon steels exposed to aqueous solutions, primarily containing sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), and sodium nitrite (NaNO2) at temperatures relevant to the operating conditions of both the F and H area plants. This report presents the results of this corrosion testing program. Electrochemical tests were designed using unstressed coupons in a simulated tank environment. The purpose of this testing was to determine the corrosion susceptibility of the tank materials as a function of chemical concentration, pH, and temperature. A285 and A516 (simulates A212 carbon steel) coupons were used to investigate differences in the corrosion of these carbon steels. Electrochemical testing included measurement of the corrosion potential and polarization resistance as well as cyclic potentiodynamic polarization (CPP) testing of coupons. From the CPP experiments, corrosion characteristics were determined including: corrosion potential (E{sub corr}), pitting or breakdown potential (E{sub pit}), and repassivation potential (E{sub prot}). CPP results showed no indications of localized corrosion, such as pitting, and all samples showed the formation of a stable passive layer as evidenced by the positive hysteresis during the scan. Analysis of the CPP data was performed to compare the corrosion susceptibility of the samples under different environmental conditions. Test results indicated that the most important factors affecting corrosion of the steel are the solution temperature, hydroxide concentration, and the material used in constructing the tanks. Variables that did not significantly affect the corrosion susceptibility of the steel were the nitrate or nitrite concentration and the atmosphere in the tank. The passivation current of the coupons increased exponentially with temperature. Longer-term studies of the passivation current are suggested based on results from the literature for iron in highly caustic environments. Polarization resistance studies showed a significant increase in corrosion rate at 125 C and 12 M hydroxide concentration when compared with tests at lower temperatures and lower hydroxide concentrations. Within the temperature and pH range of these tests, iron oxide, Fe3O4, becomes unstable and could account for the increased corrosion susceptibility. The applicability of these conditions should be confirmed and detailed surface studies should be conducted to determine the corrosion resistance of A285 and A516 carbon steels under these conditions. Surface science studies should also be conducted to determine the role of the carbon steel composition in preventing corrosion under these conditions.
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen stress Cracking of High strength Steel written by Ellis E. Fletcher and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-strength steels are susceptible to delayed cracking under suitable conditions. Frequently such a brittle failure occurs at a stress that is only a fraction of the nominal yield strength. Considerable controversy exists over whether such failures result from two separate and distinct phenomena or whether there is but one mechanism called by two different names. Stress-corrosion cracking is the process in which a crack propagates, at least partially, by the stress induced corrosion of a susceptible metal at the advancing tip of the stress-corrosion crack. There is considerable evidence that this cracking results from the electrtrochemical corrosion of a metal subjected to tensile stresses, either residual or externally applied. Hydrogen-stress cracking is cracking which occurs as the result of hydrogen in the metal lattice in combination with tensile stresses. Hydrogen-stress cracking cannot occur if hydrogen is prevented from entering the steel, or if hydrogen that has entered during processing or service is removed before permanent damage has occurred. It is generally agreed that corrosion plays no part in the actual fracture mechanism. This report was prepared to point out wherein the two fracture mechanisms under consideration are similar and wherein they differ. From the evidence available today, the present authors have concluded that there are two distinct mechansims of delayed failure. (Author).
Download or read book Stress corrosion Cracking in High Strength Steels and in Titanium and Aluminum Alloys written by Benjamin Floyd Brown and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 390 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Discussion of the Susceptibility of AISI 410 to Stress Corrosion and Means of Eliminating the Stress corrosion Problem written by Henry Suss and published by . This book was released on 1961 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Plain Carbon and Low Alloy Steels in Sulphuric Acid written by William Fred Hofmeister and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Role of Microstructure and Environment in Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility written by Sarevsh Pal and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this study, problems in determining threshold stress intensity factor (KISCC) in corrosive environment for thin narrow sections have been identified and a novel technique circumferential notch tensile (CNT) has been successfully used to determine KISCC of thin sections.Although a narrow zone of steel weld was successfully tested by CNT technique, the KISCC data were not very reliable because of poor weld quality. Specimens with simulated microstructure of heat affected zone were used for determination of KISCC of heat affected zone and base metal, using CNT technique. Stress corrosion crack growth in caustic solution (30% NaOH) at elevated temperatures (100 oC) has been determined using this technique. CNT technique has also been successfully used to study the effect of sensitization on KISCC and crack growth rate of thin sections of solution annealed and sensitized stainless steel in 42% MgCl2 environment. Stress corrosion crack growth was found to be faster in sensitized stainless steel than solution annealed. In this study, effect of caustic solution chemistry on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of carbon steel has been studied. Constant load tests with fatigue pre-cracked specimens were conducted in 10, 20, 30 and 40% caustic concentration at different temperatures varying from 45-100 oC. Caustic cracking susceptibility diagram has been verified using CNT technique. Stress corrosion crack initiation in blunt notch has also been studied in Bayer solution and plain caustic solution. Addition of impurities has significant effect on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility. Hence, constant load tests were conducted in real plant Bayer solution. Concentration of Bayer solution was altered to 10, 20, 30 and 40% free caustic concentrations by adding NaOH. Tests temperatures were decided in such a way that they lie in definite cracking, potential cracking and no cracking regions of the susceptibility diagram, 30% free caustic concentration Bayer solution was highly susceptible for caustic cracking even at lower temperatures (55 oC). A few tests have been carried out to develop mechanistic understanding of the role of imposed electrochemical potential in caustic cracking susceptibility.
Download or read book Stress Corrosion Cracking of Steels in Industrial Process Environments written by Edward Ernest Heaver and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interactions between engineering materials and their environment which give rise to stress corrosion cracking are reviewed and industrial examples from the petrochemical industry are described. In one of the examples, cracking took place in carbon steel exposed to pressurised gas containing carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and water. The crack morphology in this system was studied by metallography of samples from industrial gas processing plants and the crack growth rates were determined using precracked specimens. Constant extension rate tests, U-bend specimens and potentiodynamic studies were used to evaluate alternative materials and inhibitor additions in CO-C02-H20 environments. Electrochemical noise was accessed as a technique to monitor sec on line. It was found that the CO-C02-H20 system was characterised by a time dependent adsorption of carbon monoxide at anodic and cathodic sites. The adsorption produced a critical balance between crack tip corrosion rate and the repassivation process comparable to the behaviour at the active-passive transition zone in more conventional systems. The anodic passivation exhibited a breakdown potential near to -400 mV (Ag/ AgCI) that defined the zone of sec susceptibility. Inhibition by CO and hence sec was virtually independent of CO partial pressure provided there was a sufficient reservoir of CO. The addition of commercial film forming inhibitors did not greatly influence the system and sec was still observed in CO-C02-H20 environments to which inhibitors had been added. Steels containing alloy additions of more than 9 % chromium were found to be resistant to sec but austenitic-ferritic weld joints cracked. A low alloy 3% nickel steel performed well in the constant extension rate tests but was not wholly resistant to sec. The morphology of stress corrosion cracks in CO-C02-H20 mixtures was influenced by carbon monoxide partial pressure. More corrosion was observed on the crack walls at low carbon monoxide partial pressure and widened cracks resembling mesa Ģ corrosion were common. This increased corrosion was probably due to difficulty in maintaining passivity in the crevice formed by the growing crack. Similarly, crevicing in precracked specimens appeared to inhibit sec and no crack extension was observed. Electrochemical noise proved to be a useful tool for monitoring.
Download or read book Corrosion Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effect of Oxyanions and Chloride Ion on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of Admiralty Brass in Nonammoniacal Aqueous Solutions written by AK. Agrawal and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of admiralty brass in several nonammoniacal solutions of pH ~8 has been investigated at 25 °C using the slow strain-rate technique. The SCC tests were made at a controlled potential of 300 mVH. This potential is close to the cupric oxide/cuprous oxide (CuO/Cu2O) equilibria, in near neutral solutions (6 pH 8), on the potential-pH diagram of copper. In the present study, cracking occurred in several solutions; the severity of the cracking depended upon the type of anion present in the test solution. The order of anions in decreasing tendency to promote SCC in admiralty brass was: NO2- NO3- ClO3- > SO4= > MoO4= > Cl- > WO4= > HCO3- > B4O7= > CrO4=. The estimated crack velocity ranged from high values of the order of 10-7 m/s in the nitrite solution to no cracking in the phosphate and the solutions following it in the above series. The cracking was always transgranular with considerable branching in some cases.
