Download or read book A Socio technical Model of Autonomous Vehicle Adoption Using Ranked Choice Stated Preference Data written by Katherine Elizabeth Asmussen and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the “if” and “when” of autonomous vehicle (AV) adoption is of clear interest to car manufacturers in their positioning of business processes, but also to transportation planners and traffic engineers. In this thesis, we examine the individual-level AV adoption and timing process, considering the psycho-social factors of driving control, mobility control, safety concerns, and tech-savviness. A ranked choice stated preference design is used to elicit responses from Austin area residents regarding AV adoption. Our results underscore the need to examine the adoption of technology through a psycho-social lens. In particular, technology developments and design should not be divorced from careful investigations of habits and consumption motivations of different groups of individuals in the population. The findings from our analysis are translated to specific policy actions to promote AV adoption and accelerate the adoption time frame

Download or read book On Preference Modeling Techniques to Analyze Autonomous Vehicle Adoption and Use written by Gopindra Sivakumar Nair and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade, there have been rapid advancements in autonomous driving technologies that enable vehicles to drive by themselves. Vehicles equipped with such technologies are commonly referred to as autonomous vehicles (AVs). These technologies have already reached a stage of maturation, and are being pilot-tested as well as tested on public roads. Despite these advancements, much is still unclear regarding preferences for this technology and potential AV use implications. In this dissertation, advanced econometric models are used for gaining insights regarding individual propensities to accept and use AVs, as well as the implications of such use on the transportation infrastructure. Before AVs can gain widespread acceptance, it is critical to demonstrate (to regulatory authorities and the general public) the safe and reliable operation of AVs. Such a demonstration would involve extensive testing of AVs on public roads. For the success of such tests, it is important to ensure that people do not perceive the operation of these vehicles on public spaces as unsafe. This dissertation will make use of a nationwide survey conducted by the Pew Research Center to understand the socio-demographic characteristics and other attributes that affect an individual’s perception of the safety of sharing the road with AVs. A simultaneous equation model is estimated that takes into account the endogeneity between factors affecting individuals’ acceptance of AVs and their perceived safety of sharing the road with AVs. Once AVs have been deemed safe and acceptable for public use, services based on AVs may be made available to consumers in a variety of formats. Some households may choose not to own a vehicle and instead access AV-based services through a mobility-as-a-service (MaaS) framework. To understand ownership preferences regarding AVs, a recent survey conducted in the Puget Sound Region that elicited preferences for different paradigms of AV use and ownership is used. The stated preferences are translated to a ranking format, and the underlying assumptions and robustness of different ranking models based on the utility maximization principle are investigated. Model results on the preferred method of AV adoption suggest that a considerable proportion of individuals would opt to use AVs in the context of ride-hailing and by extension would be willing to accept a MaaS framework that utilizes AVs. Ride-hailing is a service that has been rapidly gaining popularity over the past decade. The preference for AV-based ride-hailing is expected to accelerate this trend. Unfortunately, most of the current travel demand modeling frameworks (TDMs) are not adequately structured to handle ride-hailing trips. A specific aspect of ride-hailing trips that the TDMs currently fail to capture is deadheading trips. In this dissertation, a framework and an approach to model deadheading trips are proposed. Data obtained from a ride-hailing service provider is employed for model estimation. Overall, the research undertaken as part of this dissertation will provide transportation planners and safety professionals with insights and guidance on how best to navigate the transition into the era of autonomous vehicle adoption and use

Download or read book Modeling Users Behavior Toward Automated Vehicles and Mobility Services Using Revealed and Stated Preference Data written by Parasto Jabbari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emerging technologies in transportation, such as automated vehicles (AVs) and mobility services, are expected to impact travelers’ behavior and choices. However, due to many uncertainties surrounding these new technologies, the magnitude and direction of this impact remain a mystery. Literature on AVs identifies several crucial questions and issues surrounding automated vehicles and new mobility services including: (1) potential induced demand, (2) trust in technology and its effect on adoption, (3) AVs as a mobility-as-a-service enabler. In this dissertation, I aimed to tackle these issues by quantifying value of travel time as a determinant of induced demand, study trust in AV technology as a key determinant of adoption, and modeling within tour inter-dependencies as determinant of multimodal travel and MaaS adoption. First, I use the data of actual mode choices between ridehailing and free-float carsharing to build models of mode choices to inform analyses of the prospective change in time valuation and travel behavior when riding in future highly AVs. Then, I discuss the design and implementation of a choice survey based on users’ revealed trip diary that overcomes shortcomings of revealed preference data. Next, I use the data from the choice survey to build an integrated choice and latent variable (ICLV) model that quantifies the impact of psychological constructs such as AVs safety perception on trip-based mode choices, specifically choices involving privately-owned AVs and driverless ridehailing services. Finally, I build tour-based mode choice models that allow capturing interdependencies among trips within a tour and explore potential for multimodal trip. My results from analyzing revealed preference data shows that riding in a car versus driving one reduces the value of travel time (VoTT) by $23/hour which confirms a significant time savings benefit in eliminating the burden of driving for travelers. While AVs potentially provide time saving benefits, based on current public’s assessment of the technology’s safety, market share of AVs remain small. However, improvements in users’ perception of AVs’ safety can considerably grow the market share for privately-owned AVs to the point that it hinders market share of driverless ridehailing. Another avenue for AVs to affect transportation system is enabling multimodal travel. Using tour-based mode choice modeling, I found that people preferences to use unimodal tours when using AVs are about the same as any other modes and I identified strong inclination among our sample to use unimodal tours despite the mode of travel. The findings of this dissertation highlight the potential for increases in VMT and as a result increases in induced demand and GHG emissions, as it is expected that people’s value of travel time considerably drops in AVs and market share of AVs grow substantially when users perceive them safe. Also, as highlighted in this dissertation, even with AVs and driverless ridehailing mode inertia is high among users, and solely introducing these new modes would not contribute to multimodal travels. This dissertation illustrates that the adoption of AVs cannot solve many of the pressing transportation issues if they are introduced to the current system without any changes to the system. There is a need for policies and plans in place to make sure the new technologies potential is directed toward a more sustainable future.

Download or read book Handbook of Travel Behaviour written by Dimitris Potoglou and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2024-04-12 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This insightful Handbook offers a comprehensive and diverse understanding of the determinants of travel behaviour, looking at the ways in which it can be better understood, modelled and forecasted. Dimitris Potoglou and Justin Spinney bring together an international range of esteemed academics who explore the origins of the field, research analysis methods, environmental considerations, and social factors. This title contains one or more Open Access chapters.

Download or read book A Study of New Yorkers Preference for Autonomous Vehicles in NYC Based on Security Data Applying Discrete Choice Model Methods written by Dewei Xiao and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With continuous growth of urban populations, transportation system faces numerouschallenges such as surging demand of real time services, insufficient government investment and sustainability of environment. Shared autonomous vehicles might be a good way to tackle these problems. SAVs could provide relatively cheap mobility on-demand services and new technology like electrical autonomous vehicles have gained wide popularity across the world as it's a more environmental-friendly and energy efficient way of travel. As prosperous as this market seems, it becomes critical for us to study passengers' attitudes and preference towards SAVs, since it not only enriches behavioral study for suppliers in this market but also helps suppliers to design more reasonable operation strategies based on the study. This article intends to advance future research about the travel behavior impacts of SAVs, by identifying the characteristics of users who are likely to adopt SAV services and establishing willingness to pay measures for service attributes. This research uses the stated preference survey data conducted by Professor Ricardo using Qualtrics, applying a conditional logit model to study factors influencing the preferences and then a mixed logit model to study the unobserved heterogeneity in the distributions of travelers' preference. The results show that service attributes including travel cost, travel time and waiting time are critical determinants of the use of SAVs and the acceptance of DRS. Differences in willingness to pay for service attributes indicate that SAVs with DRS and SAVs without DRS are perceived as two distinct mobility options. The results imply that the adoption of SAVs may differ across subgroups, whereby young individuals and individuals with multimodal travel patterns are more likely to adopt SAVs. The methodological limitations of the study are also acknowledged. Despite a potential hypothetical bias, the results capture the directionality and relative importance of the attributes of interest.

Download or read book Exploring the Effects of Socio demographic and Built Environmental Factors on the Public Adoption of Shared and Private Autonomous Vehicles written by Hamid Hajjafari and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the self-driving technology promises to solve several urban issues, the deployment of the autonomous vehicles (AV) is an evolutionary process that depends on different factors. One of these factors is the public adoption of AVs that plays a crucial role in the deployment of this technology by controlling the level of market penetration. By analyzing the cross-national survey studies on AVs acceptance, the author finds that the rate of AVs adoption in America is considerably lower than other developed countries. Although some studies have focused on the AVs adoption in the US and the factors that affect it, there is little evidence regarding the role of built environment on acceptance of driver-less cars. However, previous studies prove the impact of built environmental elements on different travel modes (walking driving and using transit). Therefore, there might be a link between built environment and public adoption of driverless cars as an innovative travel mode. This dissertation addresses this knowledge gap by surveying residents of the Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) metropolitan area and measuring built environmental factors around each respondent and analyzing how these factors influence the acceptance rate. To test the hypothesis of the research, the author designs a survey about the AVs adoption and different sociodemographic, travel preference and travel behavioral factors that influence public adoption in DFW. The author creates a half-mile network buffer around each respondent's location and measures built environmental within each buffer. Then the author statistically analyzes the effects of built environmental and socio-demographic features on people's perception towards shared and private autonomous vehicles.The findings of the analysis exposed the substantial impact of built environmental factors on the public adoption of shared autonomous vehicles. Living in more accessible neighborhoods increases the likelihood of adopting shared autonomous vehicles and residents of these areas are willing to pay more for this technology. Moreover, neighborhood accessibility increases the chance of accepting private autonomous vehicle although its effect is not significant. Besides built environment, other factors that significantly affect SAVs adoption are gender (male), disabilities (that prevent driving), technology-familiarity factor (includes having a postgraduate education, being tech-savvy, experiences of using car-sharing services and driver assistant features), and non-driving travel preference (walking, biking, and using transit). Therefore, male residents, having disabilities, familiar with technology, with non-driving travel preference, and living in accessible neighborhoods, are features of the individuals who are likely to use shared driverless car services. Moreover, factors that significantly affect public adoption of private autonomous cars are age, gender (male), travel preference, and technology familiarity. Therefore, male residents, young individuals, people with high technology familiarity, and people who prefer non-driving travel modes are more likely to purchase private autonomous vehicles. The findings also emphasize the low rate of AVs acceptance in the DFW area that is aligned with the other U.S. cities. Around 47% of respondents show interest to shop for a driver-less car, 35% adopt using a shared autonomous car, and totally 54% accept either private or shared autonomous cars. Moreover, educating survey participants about the technology increases the adoption rate to 63%.

Download or read book Advancing Social Equity with Shared Autonomous Vehicles written by Yingling Fan and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report examines preferences and attitudes regarding the implementation and design of a hypothetical publicly-funded Shared Automated Vehicle (SAV) system in the Twin Cities metro area. We provide a brief literature review before delving into our main findings. First, we discuss a series of interviews in which officials at local planning agencies were asked about their vision for SAV in the Twin Cities. According to these interviews, SAV could be especially useful in solving first-and-last- mile problems and connecting with already existing transit and on-demand transportation infrastructure. We then analyze data sourced from an originally designed digital survey instrument implemented over social media in 2020 and specifically targeted at Twin Cities residents. Data from the survey emphasize that people who currently experience barriers to transportation are more likely to value SAV highly. The data also give insight into design considerations, emphasizing flexibility in payment and booking and the importance of security features. Finally, we examine data from a similar survey administered at the 2021 Minnesota State Fair, which we use to gauge preferences toward SAV among people living in the Twin Cities exurbs and Greater Minnesota.

Download or read book Attitudes and Attitude Change written by Gerd Bohner and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-03-18 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Attitudes - cognitive representations of our evaluation of ourselves, other people, things, actions, events, ideas - and attitude change have been a central concern in social psychology since the discipline began. People can - and do - have attitudes on an infinite range of things but what are attitudes, how do we form them and how can they be modified? This book provides the student with a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the basic issues in the psychological study of attitudes. Drawing on research from Europe and the USA it presents up-to-date coverage of the key issues that will be encountered in this area, including attitude formation and change, functions of attitudes, attitude measurement, attitudes as temporary constructs, persuasion processes and prediction of behaviour from attitudes.

Download or read book Sustainability Prospects for Autonomous Vehicles written by George T. Martin and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Autonomous Vehicle (AV) has been strongly heralded as the most exciting innovation in automobility for decades. Autonomous Vehicles are no longer an innovation of the future (seen only in science fiction) but are now being road-tested for use. And yet while the technical and economic success and possibilities of the AV have been widely debated, there has been a notable lack of discussion around the social, behavioural, and environmental implications. This book is the first to address these issues and to deeply consider the environmental and social sustainability outlook for the AV and how it will impact on communities. Environmental and social sustainability are goals unlike those of technical development (a new tool) and economic development (a new investment). The goal of sustainability is development of societies that live well and equitably within their ecological limits. Is it reasonable and desirable that only technical and economic success comprise the swelling AV parade, or should we be looking at the wider impacts on personal well-being, wider society, and the environment? The uptake for AVs looks to be lengthy, disjointed, and episodic, in large measure because it faces a range of known unknown risks. This book assesses the environmental and social sustainability potential for AVs based on their prospective energy use and their impacts on climate change, urban landscapes, public health, mobility inequalities, and individual and social well-being. It examines public attitudes about AV use and its risk of fostering a rebound effect that compromises potential sustainability gains. The book concludes with a discussion of critical issues involved in sustainable AV diffusion.

Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.

Download or read book Residential Location Choice written by Francesca Pagliara and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effective planning of residential location choices is one of the great challenges of contemporary societies and requires forecasting capabilities and the consideration of complex interdependencies which can only be handled by complex computer models. This book presents a range of approaches used to model residential locations within the context of developing land-use and transport models. These approaches illustrate the range of choices that modellers have to make in order to represent residential choice behaviour. The models presented in this book represent the state-of-the-art and are valuable both as key building blocks for general urban models, and as representative examples of complexity science.

Download or read book Perceptions and Preferences of Autonomous and Shared Autonomous Vehicles written by Krishna Murthy Gurumurthy and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis covers certain aspects of autonomous and shared autonomous vehicles (S/AVs), with a focus on dynamic ride-sharing (DRS). The first part investigates Americans’ preferences in adopting AVs. Rapid advances in technologies have accelerated the timeline for public use of fully-automated and communications-connected vehicles. Public opinion on self-driving vehicles or AVs is evolving rapidly, and many behavioral questions have not yet been addressed. This study emphasizes AV mode choices, including Americans’ willingness to pay (WTP) to ride with a stranger in a shared AV fleet vehicle on various trip types and the long-distance travel impacts of AVs. 2,588 complete responses to a stated-preference survey with 70 questions provide valuable insights on privacy concerns and crash ethics, safety and ride-sharing with strangers, long-distance travel and preferences for smarter vehicles and transport systems. While the starting sample data were relatively demographically unbiased, Texans were purposefully over-sampled, and all statistics adjusted/corrected (via sample weights) to match US demographics on gender, education, income, and age. Weighted results suggest that Americans are willing to pay, on average, $2073 to own AVs over conventional vehicles and an additional $1078 to maintain/include a manual driving option on such vehicles. Ride-sharing will be popular at 75¢ per mile, under most scenarios, and many Americans are willing to pay $1, on average, to anonymize their trip ends’ addresses. Most are also willing to let children 16 years of age and older have unsupervised access to AVs (both privately owned and shared). Nearly 50% of long-distance travel appears captured by AVs and SAVs in the future, rather than airlines, at least for one-way trip distances up to 500 miles. Two hurdle models (which allow for a high share of zero-value responses) were estimated: one to predict WTP to share a ride and another to determine WTP to anonymize location while using AVs. The first two-part model shows how travel time delays, person and household attributes, and land use densities can significantly affect Americans’ willingness to share rides. The second hurdle model suggests that traveler age, presence of children, household income, vehicle ownership and driver’s license status are major predictors of one’s WTP to obscure pick-up and drop-off locations. A binary logit was used to model current mode choice for long-distance (over 50 miles, one-way) travel (between one’s private car and an airplane), with household income as the leading predictor. On average, older Americans and/or those with children prefer such travel by car. Finally, a multinomial logit anticipated mode shifts when AVs and SAVs become available and affordable. Everything else constant, private cars remain preferred by older people, but SAVs may be used in the future for more business travel. In the second part of this thesis, a trip-matching framework is programmed to evaluate DRS opportunities for trips across Orlando, Florida. Transportation network companies (TNCs) are regularly demonstrating the economic and operational viability of DRS to any destination within a city, thanks to real-time information from smartphones. In the foreseeable future, fleets of SAVs may largely eliminate the need for human drivers, while lowering per-mile operating costs and increasing the convenience of travel. This may dramatically reduce private vehicle ownership and deliver extensive use of SAVs. Using AirSage’s cellphone-based trip tables across 1,267 zones over 30 consecutive days, this study anticipates DRS matches (by assigning independent travelers with overlapping routes in time and space to the same SAV) and simulates SAV travel across the Orlando network to determine optimal SAV fleet size. Those results suggest significant opportunities for DRS-enabled SAVs: Nearly 60% of the single-person trips can be shared with other persons traveling solo and with less than 5 minutes added travel time (to arrive at their destinations). This value climbs to 80% and 86% for 15 and 30 minutes of added wait or travel time, respectively. On the average travel day in Orlando, a fleet of just 30,000 SAVs can serve nearly 45% of those 3 million person-trips traveled solo. In other words, just 1 SAV per 100 person-trips is able to serve almost half of the region’s demand, helping reduce congestion while filling up passenger vehicle seats.

Download or read book Research Anthology on Reliability and Safety in Aviation Systems Spacecraft and Air Transport written by Management Association, Information Resources and published by IGI Global. This book was released on 2020-09-24 with total page 1601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As with other transportation methods, safety issues in aircraft can result in a total loss of life. Recently, the air transport industry has come under immense scrutiny after several deaths occurred due to aircraft design and airlines that allowed improperly inspected aircraft to fly. Spacecraft too have found errors in system software that could lead to catastrophic failure. It is imperative that the aviation and aerospace industries continue to revise and refine safety protocols from the construction and design of aircraft, to secure and improve aviation systems, and to test and inspect aircraft. The Research Anthology on Reliability and Safety in Aviation Systems, Spacecraft, and Air Transport is a vital reference source that examines the latest scholarly material on the use of adaptive and assistive technologies in aviation to establish clear guidelines for the design and implementation of such technologies to better serve the needs of both military and civilian pilots. It also covers new information technology use in aviation systems to streamline the cybersecurity, decision making, planning, and design processes within the aviation industry. Highlighting a range of topics such as air navigation systems, computer simulation, and airline operations, this multi-volume book is ideally designed for pilots, scientists, engineers, aviation operators, air traffic controllers, air crash investigators, teachers, academicians, researchers, and students.

Download or read book Is the Future of Urban Mobility Shared written by Patricia Sauri Lavieri and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Society is experiencing the initial stages of a technological revolution that promises to disrupt urban transportation as known today and induce behavioral and social changes. The main factors guiding the transformation of urban mobility are the growth of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)-enabled transportation services and the development of autonomous vehicle (AV) technologies. While the use of ICTs and vehicular automation are expected to provide direct road capacity improvements due to the real-time provision of traffic information, crash reductions, and platooning capabilities, these gains may be offset by latent demand effects. That is, the increase in level of service may actually result in the generation of more trips and escalation of vehicle miles traveled. In this sense, proactive planning and policy guided towards promoting the use of shared vehicles and pooled rides are important to minimize possible negative externalities of automation. The current dissertation provides initial guidance to such planning by examining individuals’ preferences toward the adoption of current and future mobility services and technologies. A research framework containing four independent but related analysis components is developed to allow a comprehensive investigation of travelers’ characteristics and behaviors associated with ride-hailing use and preferences regarding AVs. Empirical analyses are conducted using advanced econometric techniques applied to different types of data from three different cities. The results of the empirical analyses are compared and implications to transportation planning and policy are discussed. The results from the analyses undertaken in the dissertation show that, from a behavioral perspective, a service-based transportation future where people predominantly travel using shared vehicles and pooled rides instead of their own vehicles is on its way but still distant. A complex combination of actions is required to promote the use of shared services both today and in an AV future. Among these actions, we identify the need for campaigns to (a) increase technology awareness among older individuals and individuals from lower income households, and (b) reduce privacy-sensitivity among non-Hispanic Whites and millennials. Such efforts should also be complemented by a decrease in service fares and urban densification. The results also suggest the need to promote policies and integrated multi-modal systems that discourage individuals from substituting the use of active and public transit modes by ride-hailing and AV-based services. Finally, we observe that individuals seem to be less sensitive to the presence of strangers in a commute trip than in a leisure trip, but the sensitivity to time is the opposite. The implications of these results are that pooled services may have a large market penetration potential for commute trips as long as operated efficiently with minimal detour and pick-up/drop-off delays.

Download or read book Driving to Safety written by Nidhi Kalra and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Three Revolutions written by Daniel Sperling and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2018-03 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Front Cover -- About Island Press -- Subscribe -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Will the Transportation Revolutions Improve Our Lives-- or Make Them Worse? -- 2. Electric Vehicles: Approaching the Tipping Point -- 3. Shared Mobility: The Potential of Ridehailing and Pooling -- 4. Vehicle Automation: Our Best Shot at a Transportation Do-Over? -- 5. Upgrading Transit for the Twenty-First Century -- 6. Bridging the Gap between Mobility Haves and Have-Nots -- 7. Remaking the Auto Industry -- 8. The Dark Horse: Will China Win the Electric, Automated, Shared Mobility Race? -- Epilogue -- Notes -- About the Contributors -- Index -- IP Board of Directors

Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle and Smart Traffic written by Sezgin Ersoy and published by . This book was released on 2020-09 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: